超声心动图对慢性收缩性心力衰竭预后的预测价值分析

目的:探讨超声心动图对慢性收缩性心力衰竭(心衰)预后的预测价值。方法:选择2016年8月到2018年9月在南京医科大学附属脑科医院(胸科院区)医学影像二科(以我院代替)诊治的慢性收缩性心衰患者112例,均给予超声心动图检查并记录相关指标,随访患者的预后并进行相关性分析。结果:随访至今,112例患者的主要心血管不良事件(Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events,MACE)发生率为18.8%。MACE组患者的左室收缩末期容积(Left ventricular end systolic volume,LVESV)、左室舒张末期容积(Left ventricular end diastolic volume,LVEDV)值显著高于非MACE组患者(P0.05),两组患者左室收缩末期内径(Left ventricular end systolic diameter,LVDs)、左房内径(Left atrial diameter,LAD)、左心室舒张末期内径(Left ventricular end diastolic dimension,LVDd值无统计学差异(P0.05)。患者预后MACE与LVEDV、LVESV值呈显著相关性(P0.05)。LVEDV、LVESV为影响慢性收缩性心衰患者MACE的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论:超声心动图用于慢性收缩性心衰患者可反映患者的心功能状况,且具有较高的预后预测价值。     

替格瑞洛联合阿司匹林治疗老年急性冠状动脉综合征的效果及对血清cTnT、BNP、CRP及D-D水平的影响

目的:探讨替格瑞洛联合阿司匹林治疗老年急性冠状动脉综合征的效果及对血清肌钙蛋白-T(Cardiac Troponin T,cTnT)、C反应蛋白(C-reactionprotein,CRP)、脑钠素(Brain natriuretic peptide,BNP)及D-二聚体(D-Dimer,D-D)水平的影响。方法:选取2016年1月～2019年1月我院收治的急性冠状动脉综合征老年患者60例,采用随机数字表法将患者分为两组,每组30例。两组患者均行经皮冠状动脉介入(Percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)治疗,对照组术后给予阿司匹林和氯吡格雷,观察组给予阿司匹林和替格瑞洛。比较两组患者的临床治疗效果、心功能相关指标,治疗前后血清cTnT、BNP、CRP及D-D水平的变化情况及出血事件的发生率。结果:治疗后,观察组治疗总有效率显著高于对照组(93.33%vs. 70%,P 0.05);两组左室收缩末期内径(Left ventricular end systolic diameter,LVESD)、左室舒张末期内径(left ventricular end-diastolic diameter,LVEDD)、左心房内径(Left atrial diastolic diameter,LADD)、血清cTnT、BNP、CRP及D-D水平均较治疗前显著降低(P0.05),而左室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)较治疗前明显升高(P 0.05),且观察组LVESD、LVEDD、LADD均明显低于对照组(P 0.05),而LVEF显著高于对照组(P 0.05)。此外,观察组出血事件发生率显著低于对照组(P 0.05)。结论:与阿司匹林和氯吡格雷相比,替格瑞洛联合阿司匹林可更有效改善老年急性冠状动脉综合征患者的心功能,且出血事件的发生率更低,可能与其显著降低血清cTnT、BNP、CRP及D-D水平有关。     

早产儿超声心脏几何形态学与血流动力学的相关性分析

摘要 目的：探讨与分析早产儿超声心脏几何形态学与血流动力学的相关性。方法：研究时间为2018年8月到2020年6月,选择本院收治的早产儿150例(早产组)和足月儿150例(足月组)作为研究对象,两组新生儿都给予超声检查,记录、左心室舒张期内径(Left ventricular diastolic diameter,LVDd)、左心室收缩期内径(Left ventricular systolic diastolic,LVDs)、左房内径(Left atrial diameter,LAD)、左心室相对厚度(Left ventricular relative wall thickness,LVRWT)、左心室心肌质量(Left ventricular myocardial mass,LVM)、左室后壁舒张期厚度(Left ventricular posterior walldepth,LVPWd)、左心室舒张末期容积(Left ventricular end diastolic volume,LVDV)、左心室收缩末期容积(Left ventricular end systolic volume,LVSV)、每搏输出量(Stroke volume,SV)、左心室射血分数(Left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)、左心室缩短分数(Left ventricular fractional shortening,LVFS)等指标并进行相关性分析。结果：早产组的LVDd、LVDs、LAD、LVPWd、LVRWT、LVM值都显著低于足月组(P<0.05)。早产组的LVDV、LVSV、SV值低于足月组(P<0.05),两组LVEF、LVFS值对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在早产组中,Pearson相关性分析显示LVDd、LVDs、LAD、LVPWd、LVRWT、LVM值与LVDV、LVSV、SV值存在正相关性(P<0.05)。Cox比例风险回归模型显示早产儿的出生体重、身长为影响LVDd、LVDV值的主要因素(P<0.05)。结论：早产儿超声心脏几何形态学指标与血流动力学指标呈正相关,提示超声能准确记录和监测早产儿的心脏几何形态学与血流动力学,可作为评估早产儿心功能的一种可靠方法。     

硝普钠治疗风湿性心脏病并发心衰患者的临床效果研究

目的:探讨硝普钠治疗风湿性心脏病并发心衰患者的临床效果及安全性。方法:选取内蒙古医科大学第三附属医院2016-2019年收治的80例风湿性心脏病并发心衰患者,将其随机分为研究组和对照组,每组40例。对照组采取常规治疗,研究组在此基础上应用硝普钠治疗,对比两组治疗前后心脏血流动力学参数、舒张压、收缩压、心率、呼吸的变化、临床效果及不良反应的发生情况。结果:两组治疗后左心室收缩末期内径(Left ventricular end-systolic diameter,LVESD)、左房内径(left atrial diameter,LAD)、左心室舒张末期内径(left ventricular end-diastolic diameter,LVEDD)均较治疗前明显降低,左室射血分数值(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)均明显高于治疗后(P0.05),且研究组上述指标的改善程度均明显优于对照组(P0.05)。研究组治疗后舒张压、收缩压、心率、呼吸低于对照组(P0.05);研究组的治疗有效率心脏高于对照组(P0.05);两组不良反应的发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:硝普钠治疗风湿性心脏病并发心衰患者应可有效改善患者心功能,提高临床治疗效果,具安全性较好。     

实时三维超声心动图评价房间隔缺损患者手术前后心室收缩功能

目的 应用实时三维超声心动图(RT-3DE)研究房间隔缺损(ASD)患者行内科介入手术前后左、右室心肌收缩变化的相关关系.方法 应用RT-3DE技术对34例ASD患者术前、术后1周以及35例正常受检者(对照组)的左、右室舒张末期容量(LVEDV/RVEDV),左、右室收缩末期容量(LVESV/RVESV),左、右室每搏量(LVSV/RVSV)及左、右室射血分数(LVEF/RVEF)进行统计分析.结果 术前,ASD患者LVEDV、LVSV、LVEF均小于对照组(均P＜0.05),RVEDV、RVESV、RVSV、RVEF均大于对照组(均P＜0.05);术后1周内,ASD患者LVEDV、LVSV、LVEF均较术前增大(均P＜0.05),RVEDV、RVSV、RVEF均较术前减小(均P＜0.05);ASD患者术后的LVEDV、LVESV、LVSV、LVEF与对照组比较均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05),而RVEDV、RVESV、RVSV均大于对照组(P＜0.05);ASD患者术后左、右室的射血分数变化之间均无相关性.结论 行内科介入的ASD患者术后初期左、右室收缩功能即恢复到正常水平,术后左、右室射血分数的变化之间均无相关性.     

有氧康复运动对慢性心力衰竭患者心室重构及血管内皮功能的影响

目的:探讨有氧康复运动对慢性心力衰竭(chronic cardiac failure,CHF)患者心室重构及血管内皮功能的影响。方法:78例CHF患者随机分为运动组(n=39)、对照组(n=39)。对照组给予常规内科药物治疗、日常活动能力训练,运动组在此基础上根据美国心脏病学会(American Heart Association,AHA)的《三阶段康复运动方案》进行有氧康复运动,共持续12周。比较两组治疗前后心脏结构和功能、血管内皮功能及生活质量的改善情况。结果:干预后,两组左室收缩末期内径(left ventricular end systolic diameter,LVESD)、左室舒张末期内径(left ventricular end-diastolic diameter,LVEDD)、明尼苏达心衰生活质量(Minnesota Living With Heart Failure,MLHF)评分、血清内皮素-1(Endothelin-1,ET-1)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(angiotensin Ⅱ,Ang Ⅱ)水平均明显减小,左室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)、6分钟步行试验(6 minute walking test,6MWT)、血清一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)、降钙素基因相关肽(calcitonin gene-related peptide,CGRP)水平均明显升高,且运动组LVESD、LVEDD、MLHF评分、血清ET-1、Ang Ⅱ水平明显低于对照组,LVEF、6MWT、血清NO、CGRP水平明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。运动组干预期间心衰再入院率显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:有氧运动康复训练有助于改善CHF患者的血管内皮功能,延缓或逆转心室重构,提高生活质量,改善预后。     

早期NT-proBNP变化率对CRT患者长期预后的评价

目的:探讨慢性心力衰竭患者心脏再同步化治疗(cardiac resynchronizationtherapy,CRT)后早期血浆N末端脑钠肽前体(N-terminal pro-B-type natriureticpeptide,NT-proBNP)变化对患者长期预后评估的价值。方法:采取随机对照的方法,选取40例符合行CRT治疗的慢性心力衰竭患者,分别检测CRT植入前、CRT植入后14 d的血浆NT-proBNP水平,并计算14 d内血浆NT-proBNP水平变化率(△NT-proBNP),根据14 d△NT-proBNP结果分为A组(△NT-proBNP30%)、B组(△NT-proBNP≥30%),观察CRT植入术后1年内患者的不良心脏事件发生率、病死率、再住院时间及1年后纽约心功能(New York Heart Association,NYHA)分级、左室射血分数(Left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)、左室舒张末内径(left ventricular end-diastolic diameter,LVEDD)。结果:B组患者1年不良心脏事件发生率、病死率及左室舒张末内径(LVEDD)均低于A组患者,再住院时间及左室舒张末内径(LVEDD)明显短于A组患者,而NYHA心功能分级、左室射血分数(LVEF)高于A组患者(P0.05)。结论:慢性心力衰竭患者行CRT后早期NT-proBNP水平变化可以评估患者病情的长期预后。     

沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠在射血分数降低的心力衰竭患者的临床研究

摘要 目的：观察沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠治疗射血分数降低的心力衰竭(heart failure with reduced ejection fraction,HFrEF)患者的效果。方法：选取2018年1月-2018年12月内蒙古自治区人民医院心脏中心心血管内科收治的90例HFrEF患者,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组45例。对照组患者常规抗心衰治疗,其中血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂（angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor,ACEI）为盐酸贝那普利;观察组患者将常规抗心衰治疗中的ACEI替换为沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠,两组患者均治疗1月。比较两组患者治疗的总有效率、血浆N端前脑钠肽（N-terminal pro-B-type natriaretic peptide,NT-proBNP）、血浆肌钙蛋白T（cardiac troponin T,cTnT）、肌酸激酶同工酶（creatine kinase isoenzymes,CK-MB）、左室舒张末期内径（left ventricular end-diastolic diameter,LVEDD）、左室收缩末期内径（left ventricular end systolic diameter,LVESD）、左室射血分数（left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF）、6分钟步行距离（6 minutes walking distance,6MWD）及不良反应。结果：观察组患者临床疗效优于对照组（P<0.05）,NT-proBNP、cTnT、LVEDD和LVESD较对照组明显降低（P<0.05）,LVEF和6MWD 较对照组明显增加（P<0.05）;对照组血肌酐水平显著高于观察组（P<0.05）。结论：沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠治疗HFrEF临床疗效好,能有效改善心功能。     

不同剂量替罗非班联合冠脉介入治疗对非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征的疗效及安全性

目的:探讨不同剂量替罗非班联合冠脉介入治疗对非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征(Non ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes,NST-ACS)的疗效及安全性。方法:选择我院2014年10月至2016年6月收治的110例NST-ACS患者,根据随机数字表法,分为全剂量组及半剂量组。观察两组患者治疗前后的TIMI血流分级情况、术前及术后30 d的心功能、主要心血管事件及出血事件、住院费用及住院天数。结果:与术前相比,两组的TIMI 2级和3级血流分级显著降低;术后30 d两组患者的左室收缩末期容积(left ventricular end diastolic volume,LVEDV)、左室舒张末期容积(left ventricular end systolic volume,LVESV)均明显下降,而左室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)均明显上升,P均0.05;而术前、术后组间TIMI血流分级、LVEDV、LVESV及LVEF对比无统计学意义,两组的主要心血管事件及住院时间对比差异无统计学意义,P均0.05;而全剂量组组的出血事件及住院费用对比明显高于半剂量组,P0.05。结论:半剂量组的替罗非班联合冠脉介入治疗对NST-ACS疗效显著,且可降低患者的出血事件及住院费用,值得临床推广应用。     

早期心脏康复对老年急性心肌梗死PCI术后心功能及心理状态的影响

摘要 目的：探讨早期心脏康复对老年急性心肌梗死（acute myocardial infarction, AMI）患者经皮冠状动脉介入（percutaneous coronary intervention, PCI）术后心功能及心理状态的影响。方法：2018年1月~2018年12月间成功实施PCI的62例老年AMI患者随机分为研究组（n=31）和对照组（n=31），同时选择30例健康体检者作为健康组。对照组按照《中国经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后康复程序》给予常规康复训练，研究组结合根据6 min步行试验（6min walking test, 6MWT）制定个性化的康复训练方案，包括院内、院外心脏康复干预、心理干预及随访，为期6个月。比较两组术后心功能、心理状态、终点事件的发生情况。结果：康复后6个月，两组左心室舒张末期内径(left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, LVEDD)、左室收缩末期内径（left ventricular end-systolic diameter, LVESD）、左心室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF)各心功能指标均较康复前明显提高，且研究组明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组康复后6个月LVEF与健康组比较，差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。康复后6个月，两组90项症状自评量表（symptom check list-90, SCL-90）各项目中除敌对、偏执外，其余项目评分均显降低，且研究组躯体化、强迫症状、抑郁、焦虑、精神病性显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。康复随访期间，研究组终点事件的总发生率9.7%，显著低于对照组25.8%，且6 min步行距离（6 min walking distance, 6MWD亦较对照组明显增加(P<0.05)。结论：早期心脏康复可明显促进老年AMI患者PCI术后心功能恢复，改善心理状态，降低术后不良终点事件发生风险。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.