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1.
The diets of over two-thirds of the world's population lack one or more essential mineral elements. This can be remedied through dietary diversification, mineral supplementation, food fortification, or increasing the concentrations and/or bioavailability of mineral elements in produce (biofortification). This article reviews aspects of soil science, plant physiology and genetics underpinning crop biofortification strategies, as well as agronomic and genetic approaches currently taken to biofortify food crops with the mineral elements most commonly lacking in human diets: iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iodine (I) and selenium (Se). Two complementary approaches have been successfully adopted to increase the concentrations of bioavailable mineral elements in food crops. First, agronomic approaches optimizing the application of mineral fertilizers and/or improving the solubilization and mobilization of mineral elements in the soil have been implemented. Secondly, crops have been developed with: increased abilities to acquire mineral elements and accumulate them in edible tissues; increased concentrations of 'promoter' substances, such as ascorbate, β-carotene and cysteine-rich polypeptides which stimulate the absorption of essential mineral elements by the gut; and reduced concentrations of 'antinutrients', such as oxalate, polyphenolics or phytate, which interfere with their absorption. These approaches are addressing mineral malnutrition in humans globally.  相似文献   

2.
本文采用气相色谱法对57例乙型脑炎患者极期和21例恢复期患者的脑脊液(CSF)和血浆14种游离氨基酸浓度进行分析。结果表明,乙脑极期CSF游离氨基酸浓度除苏氨酸、丝氨酸值低于正常值外,其它氨基酸值均增高,其中谷氨酸、鸟氨酸、赖氨酸、缬氨酸、脯氨酸值上升明显(allP<0.01),至乙脑恢复期不同幅度下降。乙脑极期血浆游离脯氨酸、赖氨酸、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸、鸟氨酸、谷氨酸浓度高于正常值,而其它8种氨基酸值均下降明显,至乙脑恢复期,多数氨基酸恢复至接近正常水平。实验提示,乙脑病毒能明显影响血浆和CSF中氨基酸的含量,而二者具有代谢差异。  相似文献   

3.
羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸及其共聚物复合生物材料   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
阐述了羟基磷灰石、聚乳酸和聚乙醇酸各自的结构性能特点;总结了两者通过复合有望得到具有良好力学性能、生物相容性、骨传导性的可降解羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸复合生物材料;最后展望了这类复合生物材料的发展方向。  相似文献   

4.
Specific leukotriene C4 (LTC4) binding sites were identified in membrane preparations from human fetal lung. Specific binding of [3H]-LTC4 represented 95 percent of total binding, reached steadystate within 10 minutes and was rapidly reversible upon addition of excess unlabeled LTC4. Binding assays were performed at 4°C under conditions which prevented metabolism of [3H]-LTC4 (80 mM serineborate, 10 mM cysteine, 10 mM glycine). Under these conditions, greater than 95 percent of the membrane bound radioactivity, as analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography, co-eluted with the LTC4 standard. Computer-assisted analyses of saturation binding data showed a single class of binding sites with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 26 + 6 nM and a density (Bmax) of 84 ± 18 pmol/mg protein. Pharmacological specificity was demonstrated by competition studies in which specific binding of [3H]-LTC4 was displaced by LTC4 and its structural analogs with inhibition constants (Kj) of 10 to 30 nM, whereas LTD4, diastereoisomers of LTD1, LTE4 and the end organ antagonist FPL 55712 were 150 to 700 fold less potent competitors than LTC4. These results provide evidence for specific, reversible, saturable, high affinity binding sites for [3H]-LTC4 in human fetal lung membranes.  相似文献   

5.
我国现有的金鱼品种的分类及其系统发育的探讨1)   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
一、引言 金鱼是我国广大人民乐于饲养的一种家养观赏鱼类。它是由野生红黄色鲫鱼演变而来的。明朝李时珍在《本草纲目》中记载:金鱼“述异记载晋桓冲游庐山,见湖中有赤鳞鱼,即此也。”他还写道:“自宋始有畜者,今则处处家养玩矣。”因此可以认为金鱼起源于我国晋朝(公元265—420年间)。至今已有一千多年的历史了。 李璞(1959)报道了我国的金鱼品种已有二十余个。徐金声等(1980)报道有143个之多。耶么迄今为止我国的金鱼品种究竟有多少呢?为了弄清我国的金鱼品种资源,作者曾在北京等十七个省市的各大公园和花木公司所属鱼场作了调查。在调查过程中,我们  相似文献   

6.
转铁蛋白受体单链抗体与BDNF融合蛋白的表达及活性鉴定   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)对中枢神经系统的多种神经元具有营养,修复和保护功能,但因无法通过血脑屏障限制了其应用。本文利用抗转铁蛋白受体(TfR)的单链抗体(ox26-scFv)作为脑转运载体,分别扩增单链抗体和BDNF基因,插入pTIG-Trx载体,构建融合基因表达载体pTIG-Trx/scFv-BDNF,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中实现了高效表达。经Ni-NTA金属鏊合层析柱纯化后,在41Kd处可见目的纯化条带。大鼠GH3细胞免疫酶染色显示,ScFv-BDNF融合蛋白能与转铁蛋白受体特异性结合。同时能够促进鸡胚背根节神经突起的生长,具备了BDNF的生物学活性。为使BDNF能够跨越血脑屏障成为中枢神经系统的治疗药物打下了实验基础。  相似文献   

7.
8.
平阳霉素对鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜血管内皮细胞生长的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
利用鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜研究平阳霉素对血管内皮细胞移动和增殖的影响.(1)内皮细胞移动采用组织学切片、常规H-E染色,通过观察不同胚龄鸡胚CAM的组织学结构即可判定毛细血管EC移动.发现鸡胚在第8、10、12天胚龄时CAM EC都位于外胚层绒毛膜上皮之下,随胚龄增大,EC逐渐由中胚层移向外胚层.而孵育至第14天后(16、18天)CAM毛细血管EC大都移至外胚层上皮之上,紧贴壳膜.PY可明显抑制EC移动,使第18天胚龄时早已该移至外胚层之上的毛细血管EC仍停留在外胚层上皮之下.(2)内皮细胞增殖用放射自显影技术对第10天胚龄的鸡胚CAM EC进行3H-TdR标记,标记率即反映EC增殖的程度.同时用血管生长抑制剂PY对比研究对EC增殖的影响.对照组和实验组EC 3H-TdR标记率分别为41.5±3.4%和20.3±1.5%,PY可使CAM EC的DNA合成减少,即抑制EC增殖.鸡胚CAM可作为研究EC移动和增殖的体内模型,用于血管生成刺激因子和抑制因子的筛选和研究.  相似文献   

9.
本文观察了用抗氧化剂维生素E预处理后,三氯乙烯(3000mg/kg B-W-) 一次性经口染毒24h 大鼠肝脏的超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶等抗氧化酶活力及丙二醛含量的变化,结果表明三氯乙烯染毒组肝脏中丙二醛含量、超氧化物歧化酶活力及血清谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶活力均高于对照组(P< 0-01) ;而维生素E干预组的丙二醛含量、超氧化物歧化酶活力及血清谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶活力均分别低于三氯乙烯染毒组(P< 0-01) ,说明三氯乙烯急性染毒可引起肝脏脂质过氧化反应及肝损害,肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活力升高可能是机体受自由基及脂质过氧化反应刺激而诱导产生的一种适应性反应,维生素E对三氯乙烯所致的肝损害有一定的保护作用。  相似文献   

10.
An updated angiosperm classification   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
DAHLGREN, C, 1989. An updated angiosperm classification. A new two-dimensional diagram, reflecting the system of classification of the angiosperms, is presented. It combines the dicotyledon diagram in G. Dahlgren (1989) and an adapted monocotyledon diagram after that in Dahlgren (1985) in a single diagram. An updated monocotyledon taxonomy is presented and the classification is appended.  相似文献   

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