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1.
利用多元统计分析筛选出东江流域对硅藻群落影响最大的环境变量,并对附着硅藻与该环境变量转换函数模型的适用性进行了评估。结果显示:13 个环境变量中,电导率(conductivity,Cond.)的第一特征值(λ1)和第二特征值(λ2)的比(λ1/λ2)最高,为0.8,成为用于加权平均回归分析(Weighted averaging analysis,WA)建模的环境变量。用WA 初步建立了东江流域附着硅藻-电导率转换函数模型,反向的WA 方法提供了最小的推导误差值(Root mean square error of prediction,RMSEP)(RMSEP=0.209)和最高的电导率推导值与实测值的回归相关系数(R2=0.778)而成为最佳建模方法。在删除异常样品后,硅藻-电导率转换函数的推导能力增加,推导误差值降低(RMSEP=0.183),实测值与推导值的回归相关系数提高(R2=0.818)。结果表明,电导率是影响东江流域硅藻群落最大的环境变量,建立的附着硅藻-电导率转换函数模型适用于东江流域电导率值的推导。 相似文献
2.
海洋硅藻附着研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
随着人类对海洋资源的进一步开发和利用,越来越多的人工设备用于水下操作,而海洋生物污损在很大程度上制约了这些设备的应用,给人类带来重大的经济损失。因此,海洋生物污损的形成机制与防治成为当前研究的一个热点。海洋硅藻是海洋生物污损过程中形成生物膜的主要物种,其在水下固相表面的附着可诱导大型污损生物的附着,从而影响生物污损群落的形成。本文综述了硅藻在固相表面的附着机理、固相表面性质对硅藻附着的影响及具有应用前景的广谱抗污损高分子材料的研究进展,并展望海洋硅藻附着研究前景。 相似文献
3.
运用相关分析(CA),典型对应分析(CCA),加权平均分析(WA)研究了影响东江流域附生硅藻的主要水质因子及对应的最适生态范围。CA显示,13项水质指标中溶解氧(Dissolved Oxygen,DO)、氨氮(NH4-N)、亚硝氮(NO2-N)、氯化物(Cl)、五日生化需氧量(BOD5)、磷酸盐(PO4-P)与其它指标间的相关性较强(P0.05),其余指标间相关性较低(P0.05)。以相关性较弱的p H、电导率(Cond.)、硅酸盐(Si O2)、总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)、硝氮(NO3-N)、化学需氧量(CODKMn O4)进行CCA分析,排序显示影响附生硅藻的水质因子依次为Cond.、NO3-N、CODKMn O4、TP、TN,对应的生态最适范围分别为39.20—642.00μs/cm、0.46—2.77mg/L、1.0—5.5mg/L、0.02—0.64mg/L、0.48—3.43mg/L。研究表明,Cond、NO3-N、CODKMn O4、TP、TN是影响东江附生硅藻分布的主要水质因子,Cyclostephanos invisitatus、Gomphonema olivaceum、Nitzschia acicularis、N.capitellata、N.intermedia可以指示东江较高的电导率,Aulacoseira ambigua、A.lirata、Cyclotella meneghiniana、Cyclostephanos invisitatus、Eunotia minor、Nitzschia acicularis、N.Clausii、Pinnularia subcapitata是东江TN、TP污染的指示种。Nitzschia acicularis对TN、TP的耐受性最高,Navicula eidrigiana对TN、TP敏感性最强。 相似文献
4.
用硅藻群集指数(DAIpo)和河流污染指数(RPId)评价珠江广州河段的水质状况 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
用硅藻计于1990年采集珠江广州河段的9个采样点的附着硅藻群落.共得硅藻24个属,170个分类单位,其中,适腐性种8个,广腐性种84个,仍腐性种78个.群落相似性聚类分析表明,位于前、后航道中部的员村(st3),新造(st8),沙浴村(si10)三点的硅藻群落结构是为相似,向上,下游相似性逐渐减小.用硅藻群集指数(DAIpo)和河流污染指数(RPId)对各采样断面的水质进行分析表明:大盛(st12)和莲花山(st5)两点受污染最轻,属β-寡污带,黄沙点(st2)污染最严重,属α-中污带.对照点鸦岗(St1)也受到一定的污染,属α-寡污带,其它点的污染程度在α-寡污带与β-中污带之间.DAIpo值与BODS存在着显著的负相关(r=0.86).珠江广州河段的前、后航道的污染程度相差不大(RPId=56.42,56.26),均属中度污染. 相似文献
5.
用硅藻群集指数(DAIpo)和河流污染指数(RPId)评价珠江广州河段的水质状况 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
用硅藻计于1990年采集珠江广州河段的9个采样点的附着硅藻群落.共得硅藻24个属,170个分类单位,其中,适腐性种8个,广腐性种84个,仍腐性种78个.群落相似性聚类分析表明,位于前、后航道中部的员村(st3),新造(st8),沙浴村(si10)三点的硅藻群落结构是为相似,向上,下游相似性逐渐减小.用硅藻群集指数(DAIpo)和河流污染指数(RPId)对各采样断面的水质进行分析表明:大盛(st12)和莲花山(st5)两点受污染最轻,属β-寡污带,黄沙点(st2)污染最严重,属α-中污带.对照点鸦岗(St1)也受到一定的污染,属α-寡污带,其它点的污染程度在α-寡污带与β-中污带之间.DAIpo值与BODS存在着显著的负相关(r=0.86).珠江广州河段的前、后航道的污染程度相差不大(RPId=56.42,56.26),均属中度污染. 相似文献
6.
【目的】为发现天然的防污损物质,从分离自海绵Haliclona sp.的细菌Pseudomonas putida中寻找具有抗硅藻附着活性的化合物。【方法】综合菌落生长形态、扫描电镜及16S rDNA序列分析,鉴定细菌种属;采用活性(抗硅藻附着)-化学(薄层色谱、二极管阵列高效液相和核磁共振氢谱)导向法对其中的活性组分进行分离纯化,波谱分析确定结构;采用抗硅藻附着活性模型对单体化合物进行活性复筛。【结果】该细菌鉴定为Pseudomonas putida;从其发酵液中分离得到6个环二肽,分别鉴定为环(亮氨酸-脯氨酸)(1)、环(亮氨酸-丙氨酸)(2)、环(苯丙氨酸-丙氨酸)(3)、环(缬氨酸-酪氨酸)(4)、环(丙氨酸-酪氨酸)(5)、环(丙氨酸-色氨酸)(6);化合物3和6在浓度为50μg/mL时具有明显的抑制硅藻附着活性(抑制率分别为50%和85%)。【结论】海洋细菌Pseudomonas putida中具有抗硅藻附着的活性化合物为环(苯丙氨酸-丙氨酸)和环(丙氨酸-色氨酸)。 相似文献
7.
硅藻在河流健康评价中的应用研究进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
硅藻作为一种光合自养真核藻类,是水生态系统中重要的初级生产者,反映了水环境的平均状况.作为环境的指示生物,普通菱形藻、小舟形藻、极小异极藻均能指示水体富营养化状况,窄异极藻、结膜窗纹藻、念珠等片藻能反映出水体的贫营养状况;广缘小环藻、细纹长蓖藻、短缝藻能反映水体的酸度;肿节曲壳藻能指示水体中的Cu含量,肘状针杆藻能反映水体中的Zn浓度;其他硅藻种类亦能反映水体的受污染程度.本文综述了国内外对硅藻及硅藻指数的应用研究进展,指出了硅藻及硅藻指数在河流健康评价中所存在的问题,并提出了今后的研究方向:进一步完善硅藻的分类与鉴定;广泛开展不同地区及不同条件下硅藻水质监测与评价研究;注重筛选硅藻生物完整性指数并建立适宜的水质评价基准. 相似文献
8.
硅藻在河流健康评价中的应用研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Diatom, as a kind of autotrophic photosynthetic eukaryotic algae, is an important primary producer in aquatic ecosystem, and can reflect the average status of water environment. As the bio-indicators of the environment, Nitzschia communis, Navicula minuscula, and Gomphonema parvulum can indicate the eutrophication of waters, whereas Gomphonema angustum, Epithemia adnata, and Diatoma moniliformis can indicate the oligotrophication of waters. Cyclotella bodanica, Neidium affine, and Eunotia exigua are all the eosinophilic species that can indicate waters acidity, Aminutissimum nodusa can indicate water’s Cu concentration, and Synedra ulna can indicate the Zn concentration in waters. Some other diatoms can also indicate water’s contamination. This paper reviewed the research progress on the applications of diatom and diatom indices in river health assessment, pointed out the related existing problems, and put forward some future research directions, e.g., further perfect the classification and identification of diatoms, broadly carry out the researches of diatom indices upon different areas and conditions, pay more attention to the screening of diatom bio integrality indices, and establish a benchmark which suits for the assessment of water quality. 相似文献
9.
2012 年4 月~6 月对东江干流及源头部分支流的底栖动物进行了采集,共获得底栖动物78 种,隶属于3 门7 纲48 科72 属。其中,水栖寡毛类3 科8 属12 种,软体动物12 科13 属17 种,水生昆虫9 目30 科47 属47 种,其他种类3 种。空间上来看,源头支流及上、中、下游的种类数分别为48 种、31 种、33 种和28 种。源头地区和上游以水生昆虫为主,密度百分比分别为70.2%和58.3%;下游以寡毛类为主,占62.0%。分析比较了 Shannon 多样性指数、生物指数(BI)和科级生物指数(FBI) 3种水质评价方法对东江水质的评价效果。东江干流水质总体良好,源头支流水质好于其他河段水质。但从水质生物学的角度与之前研究相比,底栖生物的群落特征变化较大,物种多样性有所下降,表明区域环境有恶化的趋势。 相似文献
10.
11.
东江流域突发水污染事故频发,对区域人群健康和生态安全造成严峻挑战。环境风险分区是环境风险管理的基础和有效工具。以2015年为基准年,基于环境统计数据、DEM数据、水质监测断面数据和基础地理数据,引入地理信息系统空间分析法、区域生长法,综合考虑了水系流向、水系级别及水质等因素,以1 km×1 km的网格为基本单元,对东江流域开展突发水污染风险分区。结果表明:(1)高风险区面积为696.7 km2,占评估区总面积的1.99%;较高风险区面积为1458.4 km2,占比4.17%;中风险区面积为2762.0 km2,占比7.90%;低风险区面积为30031.7 km2,占比85.93%;(2)从各子流域平均风险值来看,石马河流域风险最高,其次为淡水河流域、公庄水流域;(3)从沿东江干流两岸分布来看,高风险区面积沿东江上游至下游呈逐渐增加趋势,主要集中分布在龙川县、博罗县、东莞市、深圳市等地;从沿东江主要支流两岸分布来看,高风险区主要分布在惠州市、深圳市等地。研究结果可为东江流域生态环境管理提供理论支撑。 相似文献
12.
I. S. A. Nather Khan 《International Review of Hydrobiology》1990,75(3):317-338
A study on biological assessment of water pollution using diatom community structure and species distribution was carried out in the Linggi River Basin, Malaysia which was polluted by various urban, industrial and agricultural wastes. A total of 86 diatom taxa belonging to 21 genera were recorded from all eight sampling stations located in the basin, of which 70 species were found on artificial substrates; the remaining 16 species were recorded exclusively on natural substrates. The number of diatom species observed between the stations varied from 22-47 species. The dominant diatom species in decreasing order of abundance were Eunotia vanheurckii, Nitzschia palea, Achnanthes saxonica, Gomphonema parvulum and Achnanthes minutissima. The most common clean water species were Achnanthes minutissima, A. linearis and Synedra rumpens. The most tolerant species were Nitzschia palea followed by Gomphonema parvulum and Pinnularia braunii. Eunotia vanheurckii and Navicula cryptocephala occurred in high densities at both unpolluted and polluted stations and can be considered as the common facultative or indifferent species. Although a large number of species were recorded at the unpolluted stations, equivalent number of species were also found at the moderately polluted stations. However, the number of species was reduced at grossly polluted stations. Nevertheless, a marked variation in species association exists between the unpolluted and polluted stations, but not among the polluted stations to distinguish the type and degree of pollution. 相似文献
13.
Many assessments of water pollution in aquatic ecosystem have focused mainly on physical and chemical characteristics. However, until recently, biological aspects have been given little attention. Although physical and chemical methods of assessing water pollution are relatively simple to interpret, biological assessments have many strong merits. Therefore an attempt was made to use periphyton productivity (in terms of biomass ash‐free dry weight, AFDW) and chlorophyll‐a content (measured from periphyton colonized on glass microscope slides) to assess water pollution in the Linggi river. The Linggi River is a tropical lotic system in the country of Malaysia. As a result of increased nutrient enrichment due to sewage and agro‐industrial wastes, analyses of accumulated periphyton on glass slides showed increased biomass AFDW from an unpolluted upstream reach to the highly polluted downstream reach of the river. In contrast to biomass, the chlorophyll‐a content of the accumulated periphyton was not always directly related to the AFDW of the biomass. Though the highly polluted Station 4 showed high biomass AFDW and chlorophyll‐a, due to increased nutrient enrichment. The chlorophyll‐a values at slightly polluted Station 2 were lower than at the unpolluted Station 1. Meanwhile, the mean chlorophyll‐a content observed in Linggi river was relatively high as compared to previous studies carried out in Malaysia. When the Water Quality Index (WQI) was calculated using key chemical parameters linked to organic pollution, there was a significant correlation between chemical parameters, biomass AFDW, and chorophyll‐a. Though the chlorophyll‐a content increased with decreases in the WQI, similar to the biomass AFDW, the chlorophyll‐a values were found to be lower in slightly polluted Station 2 than unpolluted Station 1. Therefore it was not necessary that an increase in the biomass AFDW, due to nutrient enrichment, would always increase the chlorophyll‐a in accumulated periphyton (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
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2011年夏秋季,在上海市全境83个河道断面开展了河道底栖动物采样,共获取底栖动物20个分类单位(种)。9个极严重污染断面未采集到活体生物,生境基本丧失。其余74个有活体生物断面,采用三种常用生物指数:Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Hilsenhoff耐污指数、Goodnight修正指数分别进行计算及评价。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数判别为25个严重污染和49个重污染断面;Hilsenhoff耐污指数划分38个重污染、5个中污染和31个轻污染断面;Goodnight修正指数划分33个重污染、2个中污染和39个轻污染断面。与典型河道断面的水质理化指标监测值进行对照,Shannon-Weiner多样性指数对河道水质评价的准确度较低,Hilsenhoff生物指数和Goodnight修正指数的水质评价效率及准确度均较高,断面污染等级与水质理化指标基本对应。 相似文献
15.
2013年5月对深圳大鹏半岛4条主要河流(葵涌河、王母河、鹏城河和东涌河)的大型底栖动物群落结构进行了调查,并利用香农-维纳多样性指数和生物指数(BI)对河流水质进行了生物学评价。在大鹏半岛主要河流的15个样点共采获大型底栖动物35种,隶属3门7纲21科,其中水生昆虫26种,约占底栖动物种类数的74%。但底栖动物的种类组成与分布极不均匀,EPT(蜉蝣目+襀翅目+毛翅目)等对水质变化较敏感的类群主要分布于葵涌河的源头及受人为干扰活动较少的东涌河,而耐污能力较强的摇蚊科幼虫、霍甫水丝蚓和颤蚓等则为葵涌河中、下游样点、王母河和鹏城河的优势物种。生物指数(BI)相较于香农-维纳多样性指数,更适用于水质评价。结果显示,除葵涌河源头、鹏城河和东涌河样点的水质处于清洁至轻污染外,其余大部分样点处于中污染至重污染状态。推测大鹏半岛的王母河及葵涌河中、下游河段的生活污水及工业废水已对底栖动物的群落结构与河流水质造成了一定的影响。 相似文献
16.
流域水生态功能分区研究是我国正在开展的一项重要工作,如何验证分区结果的合理性,是当前亟待解决的问题。采用地理加权回归(GWR)模型评估流域特征对东江水质的影响,验证水质及流域影响空间差异是否与一二级水生态功能分区结果吻合,并对比了GWR模型与普通最小二乘(OLS)模型性能,讨论了GWR在分区验证方面的应用价值及不足。结果显示:1)水质指标以及GWR模型局部解释率(Local R~2)均在一二级水生态功能分区间存在显著差异;2)相比OLS模型,GWR模型校正R~2更高,残差空间自相关指数Moran′s I更低。研究表明东江水生态功能分区结果能合理反映水陆耦合关系,有效解释水质空间差异。此外建议选择总氮(TN)而非溶解氧(DO)和总磷(TP)作为分区验证指标。GWR模型在分区结果验证中具有广泛应用前景。降低数据空间自相关影响及改善距离测度方法是未来GWR模型研究的难点问题。 相似文献
17.
分析评价了1996~2006年苏州河水质和底栖动物群落结构的时空变化.结果表明:苏州河环境综合整治工程并没有明显改变下游河段溶解氧低下的状况,底栖生态系统没有改善;苏州河中上游水生生态系统的退化,可能会抵消下游水质改善的效果.苏州河污染整治和水生生态修复的重点应当转移到上游地区.长期数据统计和分析不仅能解释苏州河多年离散的生物学数据,揭示大型底栖动物的长期时空变化规律及其与水质变化的对偶关系,还能指示苏州河修复的关键河段,可以成为河流水质和生态系统评价的有效方法. 相似文献
18.
河流水质恶化已成为严峻的环境问题,针对河流开展水质综合评价对河流水环境管理具有重要意义。依据不同的评价目标,选择合理的综合评价的评估标准成为河流水质评价中重要的问题之一。通过基于期望值和阈值的水质健康综合评估法(ETI)和水质质量指数(WQI)两种水质综合评价方法对\"引滦入津\"工程重要水源地伊逊河水质进行评价,结果显示:1)伊逊河水质ETI评估结果为良好等级,WQI评估结果为一般等级;2)伊逊河采样点水质在ETI评价中分布于4个等级,WQI仅分布于2个等级;3)伊逊河自上游至下游水质显著降低,特别是ETI评估中由优秀等级转变为差等级;4)ETI和WQI评估结果显示极显著相关性(R=0.951,P0.01);5)通过逐步多元回归,ETI评估结果的主导因子是DO、EC、SS、BOD_5和TP(P0.05),WQI评估结果的主导因子是DO、SS、BOD_5、TP、TN和NH_3-N(P0.05)。进一步分析表明伊逊河水质恶化与其流域内土地利用情况密切相关。在河流水环境管理中,ETI作为一种水质相对值评估方法,能更好体现流域内水质差异的区分度,便于管理者迅速定位流域内亟需治理的河流或河段,同时能够根据河流自身特征制定管理目标,可作为河流管理绩效评估的有效手段;而WQI作为一种水质绝对值评估方法,更适用于河流水质时间变化评估,对河流经长期治理后的管理效果评价起到重要作用。 相似文献
19.
The objective of this research was to identify the materials and methods necessary to study the attached algal community on a river bottom in deep water. The study site was the Susquehanna River near Falls, Pennsylvania. Artificial substrates of smooth glass, frosted glass, Vermont slate, sandy slate (flagstone) and acrylic plate were placed on the stream bottom in detritus free sample holders by scuba divers. Both monthly and long-term cumulative samples were collected from the plates employing scuba and a Bar-Clamp sampler. River stones (natural substrates) were collected for comparison. Samples were analyzed in a Palmer Cell under a Bausch and Lomb research microscope. Diatoms were the most important colonizers of river stones, with the genera Nitzschia and Navicula most abundant. Highest periphyton densities occurred on natural substrates in winter with a maximum of 2.2 × 104 units/ mm2. Artificial substrates with one month exposure periods accumulated maximum periphyton density from May through October with relatively low densities in winter. Cumulative artificial substrates were most like river stones in patterns of colonization. Frosted acrylic is recommended for future studies employing benthic artificial periphyton substrates.This study was partially supported by the Pennsylvania Power and Light Company 相似文献