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1.
Carotene production from waste cooking oil by Blakeslea trispora in a bubble column reactor: The role of oxidative stress 下载免费PDF全文
Konstantina Nanou Triantafyllos Roukas Emmanuel Papadakis Parthena Kotzekidou 《Engineering in Life Science》2017,17(7):775-780
The oxidative stress induced by hydroperoxides and reactive oxygen species (ROS) during carotene production from waste cooking oil (WCO) and corn steep liquor (CSL) by the fungus Blakeslea trispora in a bubble column reactor was investigated. The specific activities of the intracellular enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) as well as the micromorphology of the fungus were measured in order to study the response of the fungus to oxidative stress. The changes of the morphology of microorganism leaded to pellets formation and documented using a computerized image analysis system. As a consequence of the mild oxidative stress induced by hydroperoxides of WCO and ROS a significant increase in carotene production was obtained. The highest carotene concentration (980.0 mg/l or 51.5 mg/g dry biomass) was achieved in a medium consisted of CSL (80.0 g/L) and WCO (50.0 g/L) at an aeration rate of 5 vvm after 6 days of fermentation. In this case the carotenes produced consisted of β‐carotene (71%), γ‐carotene (26%), and lycopene (3%). The strong oxidative stress in the fungus caused a significant increase of γ‐carotene concentration. Bubble column reactor is a useful fermentation system for carotene production in industrial scale. 相似文献
2.
The role of hydrolytic enzymes (proteases and chitinase) and oxidative stress in the autolysis and morphology of Blakeslea trispora during β-carotene production from a chemically defined medium in shake flask culture was investigated. The process of cellular
autolysis was studied by measuring the changes in biomass dry weight, pH, concentration of β-carotene, specific activity of
the hydrolytic enzymes and micromorphology of the fungus using a computerized image analysis system. In addition, the phenomenon
of autolysis was associated with high concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The accumulation of ROS produced during
fermentation causes oxidative stress in B. trispora. Oxidative stress was examined in terms of the activities of two key defensive enzymes: catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase
(SOD). The profile of the specific activities of the above enzymes appeared to correlate with the oxidative stress of the
fungus. The high activities of CAT and SOD showed that B. trispora is found under oxidative stress during β-carotene production. The culture began to show signs of autolysis nearly in the
growth phase and autolysis increased significantly during the production phase. The morphological differentiation of the fungus
was a result of the degradation of the cell membrane by hydrolytic enzymes and oxidative stress. Increased β-carotene production
is correlated with intense autolysis of clumps, which has as a consequence the increase of the freely dispersed mycelia. 相似文献
3.
Maria Varzakakou Triantafyllos Roukas Parthena Kotzekidou 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2010,26(12):2151-2156
The effect of the ratio of (+) and (?) mating type of Blakeslea trispora on carotene production from deproteinized hydrolysed whey in shake flask culture was investigated. Also, the inoculum ratio of the two mating types on the morphology of the microorganism and the relationship between morphological changes of the fungus and product formation were studied. The concentration of carotenes was significantly affected by the ratio of (+) and (?) mating type of B. trispora. A ratio of 1:10 up to 1:100 of (+) and (?) type was found to achieve the highest carotene yields. The optimum ratio of the (+) and (?) mating types for the maximum pigment production (175.0 mg/g dry biomass at 8 days of fermentation) was found to be 1:10. The carotene content in B. trispora consisted of β-carotene, γ-carotene, and lycopene. At the maximum concentration of carotenes the proportion of β-carotene, γ-carotene, and lycopene (as percent of total carotenes) was 80, 12, and 8%, respectively. B.trispora growing in submerged fermentation is able to develop complex morphologies which have been classified into three major groups: freely dispersed hyphae, clumps and pellets. These parameters are strongly influence the production of carotenes. 相似文献
4.
The adaptive response of the fungus Blakeslea trispora to the oxidative stress induced by elevated dissolved oxygen concentrations during carotene production was investigated by measuring the specific activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the micromorphology of the fungus using a computerized image analysis system. Changes in the ratio of the volume of air (Va) over the medium and the volume of medium (Vm) in the flask caused changes of the morphology of microorganism from clumps to pellets and increases in the specific activities of CAT and SOD. The oxidative stress in B. trispora resulted in a significant increase in carotene production, and a maximum proportion of β-carotene (60%), γ-carotene (50%), and lycopene (10%) (as percentages of total carotenes) was observed at a ratio Va/Vm of 15.7, 4.0 and 1.5, respectively. The highest concentration of carotenes (115.0 mg/g dry biomass) was obtained in Va/Vm ratio of 9.0. 相似文献
5.
When 3 % (v/v) liquid paraffin was added to the medium, β-carotene production increased from 397 to 715 mg l?1 in mated cultures of Blakeslea trispora. Liquid paraffin also enhanced the oxygen concentration and induce high oxidative stress, as observed by the increase in activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD). After 84 h of cultivation in the presence of liquid paraffin, the activities of SOD, CAT and POD in B. trispora increased 77, 52.5 and 76.6 %, respectively. 相似文献
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The dissolved oxygen tension of 20% of air saturation, pH-shift from 4.0 to 5.5 on day 3, and a moderate shear stress (calculated
as an impeller tip speed,
V\texttip = 0. 9 2 6- 2. 1 6 1 \textm/\texts V_{\text{tip}} = 0. 9 2 6- 2. 1 6 1 \, {\text{m}}/{\text{s}} ) were identified to be the key factors in scaling-up the mated fermentation of Blakeslea trispora NRRL 2895 (+) and 2896 (−) for lycopene production from a shake flask to a stirred-tank fermenter. The maximal lycopene production
of 183.3 mg/L was obtained in 7.5-L stirred-tank fermenter, and then the mated fermentation process was successfully step-wise
scaled-up from 7.5- to 200-L stirred-tank fermenter. The comparability of the fermentation process was well controlled and
the lycopene production was maintained during the process scale-up. Furthermore, with the integrated addition of 150 μmol/L
abscisic acid on day 3, 0.5 g/L leucine and 0.1 g/L penicillin on day 4, the highest lycopene production of 270.3 mg/L was
achieved in the mated fermentation of B. trispora in stirred-tank fermenter. 相似文献
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9.
Spent mycelia of Blakeslea trispora recovered from a previous fermentation enhanced carotene production by mated cultures of the same organism. Peak yields of 107 to 142 mg of carotene per 100 ml of medium were achieved in 6 days. β-Carotene constituted 92% of the total carotenoids produced. The enhancing substance was found present in an aqueous extract of the mycelium. Part of its activity was due to an organic acid fraction. Other microbial cells, molds, yeasts, and bacteria were also capable of enhancing carotene production. 相似文献
10.
The filamentous fungi Phycomyces blakesleeanus and Blakeslea trispora (Zygomycota, Mucorales) are actual or potential industrial sources of β-carotene and lycopene. These chemicals and the large terpenoid moiety of
ubiquinone derive from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. We measured the ubiquinone and carotene contents of wild-type and genetically
modified strains under various conditions. Light slightly increased the ubiquinone content of Blakeslea and had no effect on that of Phycomyces. Oxidative stress modified ubiquinone production in Phycomyces and carotene production in both fungi. Sexual interaction and mutations in both organisms made the carotene content vary
from traces to 23 mg/g dry mass, while the ubiquinone content remained unchanged at 0.3 mg/g dry mass. We concluded that the
biosyntheses of ubiquinone and carotene are not coregulated. The specific regulation for carotene biosynthesis does not affect
even indirectly the production of ubiquinone, as would be expected if terpenoids were synthesized through a branched pathway
that could divert precursor flows from one branch to another. 相似文献
11.
Hong-Bo Wang Jun Luo Xiao-Yan Huang Ming-Bo Lu Long-Jiang Yu 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2014,41(3):555-561
The cellular response of Blakeslea trispora to oxidative stress induced by H2O2 in shake flask culture was investigated in this study. A mild oxidative stress was created by adding 40 μm of H2O2 into the medium after 3 days of the fermentation. The production of β-carotene increased nearly 38 % after a 6-day culture. Under the oxidative stress induced by H2O2, the expressions of hmgr, ipi, carG, carRA, and carB involving the β-carotene biosynthetic pathway all increased in 3 h. The aerobic metabolism of glucose remarkably accelerated within 24 h. In addition, the specific activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly increased. These changes of B. trispora were responses for reducing cell injury, and the reasons for increasing β-carotene production caused by H2O2. 相似文献
12.
Zusammenfassung Gamonbildung und Carotinsynthese sind bei den Zygomyceten Mucor mucedo, Blakeslea trispora und Phycomyces Blakesleeanus gekoppelte Reaktionen. Die Gamonbildung verläuft parallel zur Carotinbiosynthese. Damit kann ein Weg zur Klärung der Gamonsynthese gefunden werden.
Sexual reaction and carotene synthesis in Zygomycetes
Summary In the Zygomycetes Mucor mucedo, Blakeslea trispora and Phycomyces Blakesleeanus, gamon formation and carotene synthesis are coupled reactions. The gamon formation goes parallel with the carotene biosynthesis. This provides a way by which gamon synthesis can be elucidated.相似文献
13.
The research carried out by several scientists has made possible the industrial preparation of β-carotene by fermentation. A fungus, Blakeslea trispora, abundantly synthesizes carotenoids when its two opposite forms are cultivated together in a special fatty medium. When ionones or other natural substances are introduced into the culture, a very obvious increase in the biosynthesis of carotenoids, more specifically of β-carotene, is obtained. Our own work has shown that; (1) several synthetic products chemically related to β-ionone, such as 2,6,6-trimethyl-l-acetyleyelohexene, can advantageously replace either partially or totally the ionones as inductors of the biosysnthesis of β-carotene; (2) various nitrogen-containing substances when added to the culture medium can considerably enhance the biosysnthesis of carotenoids while sometimes very specically orienting it. Their action comes on top of that of the ionones or their substitutes; actually this action is unexplained. Thus certain amides, imides, lactams, hydrazides, or substituted pyradines, and in particular succinimide and isonicotinoylhydrazine, have produced a two or threefold increase in the quantity of β-carotene present in the culture media of Blackeslea trispora. Conversely some heterocyclic substances such as pyridine itself or imidazole totally inhibit the biosysnthesis of β-carotene but induce the production of very important quantities of lycopene. 相似文献
14.
Doreen Schachtschabel Klaus-Dieter Menzel Gudrun Krauter Anja David Martin Roth Uwe Horn Wilhelm Boland Johannes Wöstemeyer Christine Schimek 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2010,88(1):241-249
Trisporic acid, its precursors and derivatives are used within zygomycete fungi as communication signals and sexual regulators,
and also influence the production rate of the parent compound, β-carotene. Cultivation parameters during growth and the trisporoid
production phase of Blakeslea trispora were studied in two-step shake flask cultures and up-scaled fermentations. Comparison of various fermentation protocols allowed
the definition of parameters governing trisporoid production. Highest yields were obtained when the initial growth phase allowed
for both rapid growth and fast exhaustion of nitrogen and phosporous sources. Onset of trisporoid production is accompanied
by a pH drop in the medium and triggered by nutrient limitation, nitrogen depletion being the most important factor. Supplementation
of cultures with carbon at low concentration after onset of trisporoid production led to prolonged growth and higher final
product accumulation. B. trispora produces trisporoids in two major series, B and C. During a first peak in trisporic acid accumulation, production of trisporic
acid B exceeds that of trisporic acid C, which later accumulates at the expense of the trisporic acid B, indicating a variable
regulation of the ratio between these metabolites. These data are valuable for tailoring production systems for enrichment
of specific intermediates of this complex signal family. 相似文献
15.
Jinsong Feng Jing Jiang Yan Liu Wei Li Ramila Azat Xiaodong Zheng Wen-Wen Zhou 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2016,43(10):1365-1372
Validamycin A (Val-A) synthesized by Streptomyces hygroscopicus 5008 is widely used as a high-efficient antibiotic to protect plants from sheath blight disease. A novel fermentation strategy was introduced to stimulate Val-A production by adding oxygen carriers. About 58 % increase in Val-A production was achieved using liquid paraffin. Further, biomass, carbon source, metabolic genes, and metabolic enzymes were studied. It was also found that the supplementation of liquid paraffin increased the medium dissolved oxygen and intracellular oxidative stress level. The expression of the global regulators afsR and soxR sensitive to ROS, ugp catalyzing synthesis of Val-A precursor, and Val-A structural genes was enhanced. The change of the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase was observed, which reflected the redirection of carbon metabolic flux. Based on these results, liquid paraffin addition as an oxygen carrier could be a useful technique in industrial production of Val-A and our study revealed a redox-based secondary metabolic regulation in S. hygroscopicus 5008, which provided a new insight into the regulation of the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. 相似文献
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López-Nieto MJ Costa J Peiro E Méndez E Rodríguez-Sáiz M de la Fuente JL Cabri W Barredo JL 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2004,66(2):153-159
A semi-industrial process (800-l fermentor) for lycopene production by mated fermentation of Blakeslea trispora plus (+) and minus (–) strains has been developed. The culture medium was designed at the flask scale, using a program based on a genetic algorithm; and a fermentation process by means of this medium was developed. Fermentation involves separate vegetative phases for (+) and (–) strains and inoculation of the production medium with a mix of both together. Feeding with imidazole or pyridine, molecules known to inhibit lycopene cyclase enzymatic activity, enhanced lycopene accumulation. Different raw materials and physical parameters, including dissolved oxygen, stirring speed, air flow rate, temperature, and pH, were checked in the fermentor to get maximum lycopene production. Typical data for the fermentation process are presented and discussed. This technology can be easily scaled-up to an industrial application for the production of this carotenoid nowadays widely in demand. 相似文献
18.
Carotene production by single and mated Blakeslea trispora has been studied. On mating and on the addition of trisporic acid to minus cultures there was an increase in the membrane bound neutral protease (MW 126 000) activity. The protease probably acts by inactivating the inhibitory protein of carotene biosynthesis resulting in increased carotenogenesis. 相似文献
19.
《Process Biochemistry》2007,42(10):1460-1464
Limiting ergosterol accumulation through metabolic control increased lycopene production by Blakeslea trispora. Lycopene and ergosterol are both biosynthesized from a common precursor, farnesyl diphosphate (FPP). The effects of two ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors, terbinafine hydrochloride (TH) and ketoconazole, on the production of lycopene by B. trispora were investigated. TH at 0.7 mg/l and ketoconazole at 30 mg/l added to the medium at 48 h of fermentation caused an increase in lycopene content of 23% or 277%, respectively. The timing of addition for both inhibitors at 48 h resulted in the most optimal lycopene productivity, however, compared with TH, ketoconazole was superior in enhancing lycopene production by inhibiting ergosterol biosynthesis. 相似文献
20.
Microbiological Production of Carotenoids: VIII. Influence of Hydrocarbon on Carotenogenesis by Mated Cultures of Blakeslea trispora 下载免费PDF全文
Synthesis of β-carotene by mated strains of Blakeslea trispora in shaken-flask culture was considerably enhanced by adding either 5% kerosene after 2 days of fermentation or acid-refined kerosene at the start of fermentation to a grain-based medium that also contained a natural lipid, nonionic detergent, and β-ionone; average yields of 17,500 μg per g of dry fermentation solids (86,000 μg per 100 ml of medium) were attained when refined kerosene was used. Almost all of the carotene was retained within the mycelium. Peak yields were achieved in 5 days. 相似文献