盐胁迫下构树幼苗各器官中K+、Ca2+、Na+和Cl-含量分布及吸收特征

将当年生构树幼苗置于含有不同浓度（04、1、2、3、4 g·kg^-1）NaCl的土壤中,研究其生物量积累、叶片细胞质膜透性和K⁺、Ca²⁺、Na⁺、Cl^-等离子的吸收、分布及运输,并观察盐害症状.结果表明：构树幼苗的叶片质膜透性随着NaCl浓度的增加和胁迫时间的延长而升高,根冠比随NaCl浓度的升高而增加,大于3 g·kg^-1的土壤盐胁迫对构树叶片的质膜透性及植株的生物量积累影响显著.构树幼苗各器官中Na⁺和Cl^-含量随土壤NaCl浓度升高而显著增加,K⁺和Ca²⁺则随之降低,叶片各离子含量均明显高于根和茎.说明盐胁迫影响根系对K⁺和Ca²⁺的吸收,并抑制了它们向地上部分的选择性运输,使叶和茎的K⁺和Ca²⁺含量下降.构树通过吸收积累Na⁺和Cl^-抵御土壤盐分带来的渗透胁迫,但过量的Na⁺和Cl^-积累会造成单盐毒害.作为抗盐性较高的非盐生植物,构树地上部分的拒盐作用不显著.     

不同基因型番茄种子萌发期的耐盐性

选用14种不同基因型番茄进行萌芽期NaCl胁迫耐盐性筛选,对相对发芽势和相对发芽率两项指标进行聚类分析,将其划分为耐盐性强（5种）和耐盐性弱（9种）两类,从中选出4种耐盐性和生物性状不同的番茄(耐盐性强：野生醋栗番茄、小果型辽园红玛瑙、大果型红宝石;耐盐性弱：大果型辽园红多丽)分别进行不同种类钠盐以及NaCl、Na⁺、Cl^-两组胁迫试验.结果表明：4种不同基因型番茄对各种盐胁迫响应与NaCl的鉴定结果一致;不同Na⁺盐中碱性盐NaHCO₃对番茄的影响最大,在100 mmol·L^-1 Na⁺浓度下,4种基因型番茄的相对胚芽长度都在8%以下,5种盐对番茄种子萌发的抑制顺序为：NaNO₃2SO₄2PO₄3;NaCl、Na⁺、Cl^-胁迫下,Cl^-对番茄的伤害最小.     

盐胁迫对桑树幼苗生长、叶片水分状况和离子分布的影响

以黑龙江省两个桑树品种（秋雨桑和泰来桑）为试验材料,研究了不同盐浓度下桑树幼苗生长、叶片水分关系和不同器官中离子的分布.结果表明：盐胁迫明显降低了桑树幼苗的植株高度和每株干物质量,且对新生叶片干质量的影响大于老叶片.随着盐胁迫的加重,两个品种桑树的叶片水势、渗透势、压力势和相对含水量明显下降,根、茎中Na⁺浓度明显增加,当外界NaCl浓度达到或超过150 mmol·L^-1时,各器官中Na⁺浓度达到饱和.盐胁迫明显降低了两个品种桑树根、茎和叶片中K⁺ 和 Ca²⁺浓度,以及茎和叶片中Mg²⁺浓度,而对根中Mg²⁺浓度影响不大.Na⁺在根、茎和老叶中的区域化分布是两个品种桑树生长过程中表现出耐盐性的机理之一,而盐胁迫使叶片中的Ca²⁺、K⁺和Mg²⁺浓度降低,导致植株体内的离子亏缺,从而限制了植株的生长.     

急性盐度胁迫对军曹鱼稚鱼渗透压调节的影响

研究了环境盐度急性胁迫对军曹鱼(Rachycentron canadum)稚鱼鳃Na⁺-K⁺ATPase(NKA)活性及血清渗透压、Na⁺、K⁺和Cl^-离子调节的影响.结果表明:将稚鱼从盐度37中直接转移至盐度0、5、15、25、37（对照）和45的水体中,12 h后仅盐度0处理出现死亡(死亡率100％).各处理鳃NKA活性和血清渗透压在最初3 h内出现一定波动,随后变化平稳.试验结束时(12 h), NKA活性与盐度梯度呈“U”型分布,盐度5处理酶活性显著高于其它处理(P<0.05),盐度15处理活性最低,而各处理的血清渗透压大小(293～399 mOsmol·kg^-1)与盐度呈正相关;在3～12 h内稚鱼血清Na⁺和Cl^-浓度随盐度升高而升高,但增幅较小,血清K⁺浓度则与盐度呈负相关;12 h稚鱼的等渗点为328.2 mOsm·kg^-1,相当于盐度11.48,而Na⁺、K⁺和Cl^-等离子点分别为155.2、6.16和137.1 mmol·L^-1,分别相当于盐度10.68、20.44及8.41.军曹鱼在生理上具有广盐性鱼类的“低渗环境高NKA活性”特征,有较强及迅速的渗透压和离子调节与平衡能力.     

不同森林群落类型溪流水化学特征的季节动态

以小兴安岭凉水自然保护区内的阔叶红松林、云冷杉林和落叶松人工林为研究对象, 于2006年3—10月, 分析了其溪流水化学特征的动态变化. 结果表明: 不同月份3种森林群落溪流水的主要阳离子含量均表现为 Ca²⁺>Na⁺>K⁺>Mg²⁺, 主要阴离子含量均为HCO₃^->SO₄^2->NO₃^->Cl^-;不同群落类型的主要离子含量影响显著, 3种森林群落溪流水中Na⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Fe²⁺和Fe³⁺平均含量为云冷杉林>落叶松人工林>阔叶红松林, 而K⁺为落叶松人工林>云冷杉林>阔叶红松林; 主要阴离子平均含量均以落叶松人工林溪流水中为最高.     

马蔺体内主要阳离子含量月变化及分布

在自然盐碱生境下,通过测定不同月份土壤和马蔺体内主要阳离子Na⁺、K⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺的含量,研究了主要阳离子的吸收、转运变化及其在马蔺体内的分布.结果表明: 不同月份马蔺体内阳离子含量变动很大.在6月以后,随着马蔺的生长, Na⁺、K⁺、Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺4种离子在植物体内累积量逐渐增加.其中,根中Ca²⁺、Na⁺含量峰值出现在7月,分别为2.30%和0.51%,K⁺、Mg²⁺的含量峰值分别出现在9、10月,分别为0.27%和0.28%;叶片中Na⁺含量在7月达到最大值(0.57%);K⁺、Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺在8月分别达到1.30%、2.69%和0.47%.与Na⁺相比, 7、8月时马蔺对K⁺的选择吸收能力较低,但转运能力较强.马蔺对所测离子有很强的富集能力,各种离子在植物体内的含量都明显高于土壤背景值,且不同部位对离子的利用和累积能力不同,马蔺对各阳离子的累积主要集中在地上30 cm到地下40 cm范围内.马蔺地上部分平均单株K⁺、Na⁺、Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺含量分别是地下部分的9.11、4.07、0.98和2.27倍.     

辣椒碱对小菜蛾的驱避活性及其体内谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶和Na+，K+-ATP酶活性的影响

采用常规生测方法和酶活力测定方法,初步研究了辣椒碱对小菜蛾Plutella xylostella L.的产卵忌避和拒食作用,及其对小菜蛾体内谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶、Na⁺,K⁺-ATP酶活性的影响,以期阐明辣椒碱对害虫的作用机制。结果表明,辣椒碱对小菜蛾表现出较强的产卵忌避活性和拒食活性。在6.25×10⁴ mg/L浓度下,处理24 h辣椒碱对小菜蛾的非选择性产卵忌避率达96.55%,选择性产卵忌避率为84.30%;在相同浓度下,处理48 h辣椒碱对小菜蛾的非选择性拒食率达81.47%,选择性拒食率为69.69%。 另外,经1.25×10⁵ mg/L辣椒碱不同时间处理后,小菜蛾体内的谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶酶活力和Na⁺,K⁺-ATP酶活力与对照相比均产生了波动,处理18 h时小菜蛾体内GSTs活力最高,为152.01 U·mg^-1pro·min^-1,处理1 h时小菜蛾体内Na⁺,K⁺-ATP酶活力最高,为19.99 U·mg^-1pro·min^-1。结果说明辣椒碱能够影响小菜蛾产卵和取食行为,并且对其体内的酶系也产生了影响。     

亚麻响应盐、碱胁迫的生理特征

利用中性盐NaCl、Na₂SO₄和碱性盐NaHCO₃、Na₂CO₃混合模拟不同强度的盐、碱胁迫条件, 对亚麻(Linum usitatissimum)进行14天胁迫处理, 测定其地上部分和根生长速率、光合特征、离子平衡及有机渗透调节物质积累, 以探讨亚麻对盐、碱两种胁迫的生理响应特点。研究表明: 亚麻生长对盐、碱胁迫的响应存在差异, 在相同盐浓度下, 碱胁迫对亚麻的伤害大于盐胁迫。碱胁迫使地上部分中Na⁺浓度急剧增高, 造成叶绿体破坏、光合色素含量下降, 光合能力及碳同化能力也急剧下降。亚麻中Na⁺含量随着胁迫强度的增加而升高, 而K⁺含量呈下降趋势, 碱胁迫下的变化明显大于盐胁迫。因此, 碱胁迫导致Na⁺过度积累可能是碱胁迫对植物伤害大于盐胁迫的最主要原因。碱胁迫下Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺在根中下降明显, 可见高pH值阻碍根对Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺的吸收。Fe²⁺和Zn²⁺对渗透调节的影响不大, 因为它们的离子含量较低。盐胁迫促进阴离子(Cl^-、H₂PO₄^-和SO₄^2-)的积累来平衡大量涌入的Na⁺, 但是碱胁迫明显减少无机阴离子含量, 可能造成严重营养胁迫(如P和S不足)。亚麻在盐胁迫下积累大量可溶性糖来平衡大量的Na⁺, 但碱胁迫下积累大量有机酸来维持细胞内离子平衡和pH值稳定, 碱胁迫大量积累的有机酸也可能被分泌到根外调节根外的pH值, 这说明亚麻对两种不同胁迫的响应方式不同。研究证明高pH值会直接影响植物根系的生长发育, 影响植物矿质元素的吸收, 阻碍离子稳态重建, 有机酸代谢是亚麻碱胁迫下的关键适应机制。     

海水胁迫对苦荬菜幼苗生长及生理特性的影响

抗盐耐海水植物的种植是有效利用和开发滩涂资源的措施之一。采用温室砂培方式, 研究了不同稀释配比的海水处理8天对苦荬菜(Lactuca indica)幼苗生物量、根冠比、叶绿素含量、离子含量、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量的影响。结果表明: 苦荬菜幼苗地上部受海水胁迫较为显著, 而根在海水浓度小于30%时与对照相比没有显著差异; 根冠比随着海水浓度的增加而不断提高; 在10%和20%海水浓度处理下, 叶绿素含量与对照相比差异不显著, 但随着海水浓度的进一步增加,叶绿素含量显著下降; 在10%海水浓度处理下, 苦荬菜地上部分及根部的K⁺含量与对照相比差异不显著, 而海水浓度高于10%时, 随着海水浓度的增加地上部和根部的K⁺含量均逐渐降低; 海水处理下, 苦荬菜体内Na⁺和Cl^–含量逐渐增加; 地上部可溶性糖含量逐渐增加, 而可溶性蛋白含量先升后降。海水胁迫下, 苦荬菜幼苗维持一定的K⁺选择性吸收是其一定程度上盐适应的重要原因。同时, 积累的可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白是苦荬菜幼苗在盐胁迫下的重要渗透调节物质, 可作为其抗盐性的生理参数。     

Na+和Cl-在小麦叶肉细胞超微结构中的分布

小麦经200mmol NaCl溶液培养3天后,采用改进的焦锑酸钾方法对叶肉细胞中Na⁺及Cl^-进行超微结构定位。电镜观察及电子探针X-射线显微分析表明,Cl^-主要分布在细胞间隙、细胞壁及细胞质膜中。用电子探针X~-射线能谱仪在这些部位中未探测出Na⁺,提示Cl^-比Na⁺更多地进入小麦的叶肉细胞。此外,在叶肉细胞的细胞核、线粒体及叶绿体中也可见到离子沉淀颗粒。经氯化钠溶液培养的小麦幼苗,其叶肉细胞的叶绿体、线粒体的超微结构受损,植株生长受到抑制。     

Comparative effects of osmotic-, salt- and alkali stress on growth,photosynthesis, and osmotic adjustment of cotton plants

In this study, cotton seedlings were subjected to osmotic-, salt- and alkali stresses. The growth, photosynthesis, inorganic ions, and organic acids in the stressed seedlings were measured, to compare the mechanisms by which plants adapt to these stresses and attempt to probe the mechanisms by which plants adapt to high pH stress. Our results indicated that, at high stress intensity, both osmotic and alkali stresses showed a stronger injurious effect on growth and photosynthesis than salt stress. Cotton accumulated large amount of Na+ under salt and alkali stresses, but not under osmotic stress. In addition, the reductions of K⁺, NO₃ ⁻, and H₂PO₄ ⁻ under osmotic stress were much greater than those under salt stress with increasing stress intensity. The lack of inorganic ions limited water uptake and was the main reason for the higher injury from osmotic-compared to salt stress on cotton. Compared with salt- and alkali stresses, the most dramatic response to osmotic stress was the accumulation of soluble sugars as the main organic osmolytes. In addition, we found that organic acid metabolism adjustment may play different roles under different types of stress. Under alkali stress, organic acids might play an important role in maintaining ion balance of cotton; however, under osmotic stress, malate might play an important osmotic role.     

Comparative effects of salt and alkali stresses on growth, osmotic adjustment and ionic balance of an alkali-resistant halophyte Suaeda glauca (Bge.)

Effects of salt and alkali stresses on growth, osmotic adjustment and ionic balance of Suaeda glauca (Bge.), an alkali-resistant succulent halophyte, were compared. The results showed that alkali stress clearly inhibited the growth of S. glauca. Moreover, the concentrations of Na⁺ and K⁺ both increased with increasing salinity under both stresses, suggesting no competitive inhibition between absorptions of Na⁺ and K⁺. The mechanism underlying osmotic adjustment during salt stress was similar to alkali stress in shoots. The shared essential features were that organic acids, betaine and inorganic ions (dominated by Na⁺) mostly accumulated. On the other hand, the mechanisms governing ionic balance under both stresses were different. Under salt stress, S. glauca accumulated organic acids and inorganic anions to maintain the intracellular ionic equilibrium, but the anion contribution of inorganic ions was greater than that of organic acids. However, the concentrations of inorganic anions under alkali stress were significantly lower than those under salt stress of the same intensity, suggesting that alkali stress might inhibit uptake of anions, such as NO₃ ^– and H₂PO₄ ^–. Under alkali stress, organic acids were the dominant factor in maintaining ionic equilibrium. The contribution of organic acids to anions was 74.1%, while that of inorganic anions was only 25.9%. S. glauca enhanced the synthesis of organic acids, dominated by oxalic acid, to compensate for the shortage of inorganic anions.     

Anion-cation interactions in the pore of neuronal background chloride channels

Background Cl channels in neurons and skeletal muscle are significantly permeable for alkali cations when tested with asymmetrical concentrations of the same salt. Both anion and cation permeation were proposed to require binding of an alkali cation with the pore (Franciolini, F., and W. Nonner. 1987. Journal of General Physiology. 90:453-478). We tested this hypothesis by bilaterally substituting large alkali cations for Na and found no significant changes of unitary conductance at 300 mM symmetrical concentrations. In addition, all organic cations examined were permeant in a salt gradient test (1,000 mM internal@300 mM external), including triethanolamine, benzyltrimethylamine, and bis-tris-propane (BTP, which is divalent at the tested pH of 6.2). Inward currents were detected following substitution of internal NaCl by the Na salts of the divalent anions of phosphoric, fumaric, and malic acid. Zero-current potentials in gradients of the Na and BTP salts of varied anions (propionate, F, Br, nitrate) that have different permeabilities under bi-ionic conditions, were approximately constant, as if the permeation of either cation were coupled to the permeation of the anion. These results rule out our earlier hypothesis of anion permeation dependent on a bound alkali cation, but they are consistent with the idea that the tested anions and cations form mixed complexes while traversing the Cl channel.     

等渗盐胁迫下Na^＋和Cl^-对大豆幼苗光合作用的离子效应

研究和比较了等渗(-0.53MPa)的PEG-6000、NaCl、钠盐(无Cl-)和氯化物(无Na )溶液处理6d对栽培大豆品种‘Lee68’(耐盐性较强)和‘N23674’(耐盐性较弱)幼苗光合作用的离子效应。结果表明:PEG-6000处理使两品种叶片叶绿素含量和Rubisco活性较对照低,但降幅不如同样渗透压的NaCl、钠盐(无Cl-)和氯化物(无Na )溶液明显。PSII最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、电子传递速率(ETR)和PSII光化学的有效量子产额(Fv'/Fm')在PEG-6000处理2d和6d时显著下降,但在3种等渗盐处理下,多显著下降。两品种叶片气孔导度(Gs)和净光合速率(Pn)在4种胁迫处理下均显著下降,其中在3种盐处理下更明显,但胞间CO2浓度(Ci)仅在PEG-6000处理时下降,在盐处理下反而升高。两品种叶片叶绿素含量、Rubisco活性、Fv/Fm、ETR、Fv'/Fm'、Pn、Gs等在氯化物(无Na )溶液处理的下降幅度和叶绿体中Cl-含量及其与Na 总量的增加幅度均大于钠盐(无Cl-)处理的,在耐盐性弱的‘N23674’品种中更明显。可见,在NaCl胁迫对栽培大豆幼苗光合作用的毒害效应中,渗透胁迫较轻,离子毒害较重,其中Cl-的毒害大于Na 的。     

Eco-physiological responses of linseed (Linum usitatissimum) to salt and alkali stresses

AimsEffects of salt and alkali stresses (NaCl-Na₂SO₄ and NaHCO₃-Na₂CO₃) were compared on growth, photosynthesis characters, ionic balance and osmotic adjustment of linseed (Linum usitatissimum), to elucidate the mechanisms of salt and alkali stress (high pH value) damage to plants, and their physiological adaptive mechanisms to the stresses. MethodsThe experiment was carried out in an artificial greenhouse. Plants grew at approximately 700 mmol·m^-2·s^-1 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) in greenhouse under photoperiod of 15 h in light and 9 h in dark. In each plastic pot (17 cm diameter) which contained 2.5 kg of washed sand, 20 linseed seeds were sown. The seedlings were exposed to stresses lasting 14 days after 2 months.Important findingsThe inhibitory effects of alkali stress on linseed growth were more remarkable than those of salt stress, indicating that alkali and salt represent two distinct forms of stress. The alkali stress increased the Na⁺ content in shoots, damaged the photosynthetic system, and highly reduced the net photosynthetic rate and C assimilation capacity. Under salinity stress, the Na⁺ content increased, the K⁺ content decreased with increasing stress. Greater changes were observed under alkali than under salt stress. Alkali stress caused the massive influx of Na⁺, which probably explained that the harmful of alkali stress on plants was stronger than that of salt stress. Under alkali stress, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ decreased in roots, showing that high pH value around roots hindered the absorption of them. Fe²⁺ and Zn²⁺ had little effects on the osmotic adjustment, mainly because of they had a low ion content. Under salt stress, anion increased in order to balance the sharp increase of Na⁺. However, alkali stress made severe deficit of negative charge, broke the intracellular ionic balance and pH homeostasis, and caused a series of strain response. Our results showed that linseed enhanced the synthesis of soluble sugars to balance massive influx of Na⁺ under salt stress, but linseed enhanced the synthesis of organic acids to compensate for the shortage of inorganic anions, which might be a key pathway for the pH adjustment. In conclusion, the alkali stress (high pH value) clearly inhibited the growth, element absorption, ion homeostasis reconstruction of plants. Organic acid concentration is possibly a key adaptive factor for linseed to maintain intracellular ion balance and regulate high pH value under alkali stress.     

不同浓度海水胁迫对菊芋幼苗生长发育及磷吸收的影响

种植抗盐耐海水植物是合理利用和开发海涂资源的有效措施之一。本试验通过不同浓度海水处理研究菊芋幼苗生长发育及对³²P吸收利用差异和离子吸收分布的情况。结果表明:在不同浓度海水浇灌下,菊芋地上部、地下部、总鲜重及干物质重从CK到50%海水浓度没有明显变化,在75%海水胁迫下显著下降,干物质百分比则为75%海水浇灌的最高;在中等P水平下,地上部在25%海水处理下对³²P吸收率最高;随海水浓度增高菊芋幼苗地上部单位干重积累的Na⁺和Cl^-依次增大;而K⁺与Na⁺积累情况不同,K⁺在25%海水胁迫下地上部单位干重积累的最多,其次是50%,CK和75%海水胁迫差不多;地下部单位干重积累的Na⁺、Cl^-和K⁺情况与地上部单位干重积累的各离子趋势相似。     

An ONIOM investigation on anion recognition of alkali–metal complexes with diurea calix[4]arene receptor

The ONIOM(B3LYP/6-31G(d):AM1) optimized structures of complexes of diurea calix[4]arene receptor (L) with alkali metals Li(+), Na(+) and K(+) and their complexes with halide ions F(-), Cl(-), Br(-), oxygen-containing anions HCO(3)(-), HSO(4)(-) and CH(3)COO(-) ions were obtained. Binding energies and thermodynamic properties of complex receptors LiL(+), NaL(+) and KL(+) with these anions were determined. The binding stabilities according to binding energies of LiL(+), NaL(+) and KL(+) associated with anions computed either at the ZPVE-corrected ONIOM(B3LYP/6-31G(d):AM1) or BSSE-corrected B3LYP/6-31 + G(d,p)//ONIOM(B3LYP/6-31G(d):AM1) are in the same order: F(-) > CH(3)COO(-) ≈ HCO(3)(-) > Br(-) ≈ HSO(4)(-) ≈ Cl(-). All the receptors LiL(+), NaL(+) and KL(+) were found to be selective toward fluoride ion.     

Heat stress preconditioning does not protect renal epithelial Na(+),K(+),Cl(-) and Na(+),P(i) cotransporters from their modulation by severe heat stress

This study compares the effects of heat and osmotic stress on heat stress protein (HSP) production while examining the putative protective action of HSPs on modulation of Na(+),K(+),Cl(-) and Na(+),P(i) cotransporters in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells by severe heat stress (46 degrees C, 15 min). Preconditioning heat stress (43 degrees C, 20 min) followed by 4 h recovery at 37 degrees C led to a 35-fold increase of HSP70 mRNA expression measured by Northern blot analysis. The protein content of HSP70 and HSP27, assessed by Western blots, was augmented by 5- and 2-fold, respectively, after 6 h of recovery. In contrast to preconditioning heat stress, hyperosmotic stress (520 vs. 320 mosm) elevated HSP70 mRNA content only by 7-fold and did not significantly affect the protein content of HSP70 or HSP27. Neither cell survival, assessed as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, nor the basal activities of the ion transporters and their modulation by protein kinase C, P(2)-purinoceptor and cell volume were altered by preconditioning heat stress. Severe heat stress increased extracellular LDH content from 3+/-2 to 23+/-5% and enhanced Na(+),K(+),Cl(-) and Na(+),P(i) cotransport activity by 2-3-fold. The volume- and protein kinase C-dependent regulation of these carriers was abolished by severe heat stress while regulation by P(2)-purinoceptors was preserved. Preconditioning heat stress diminished severe heat stress-induced LDH release to 11+/-4% but did not protect Na(+),K(+),Cl(-) and Na(+),P(i) cotransporters from activation by severe heat stress and did not prevent severe heat stress-induced inactivation of protein kinase C- and volume-dependent signaling pathways. These results show that in MDCK cells, preconditioning heat stress-induced HSPs are not involved in the regulation of Na(+),K(+),Cl(-) and Na(+),P(i) cotransporters and do not protect them from modulation by severe heat stress.     

Eco-physiological characteristics of alfalfa seedlings in response to various mixed salt-alkaline stresses

Soil salinization and alkalization frequently co-occur in nature, but little is known about the mixed effects of salt-alkaline stresses on plants. An experiment with mixed salts （NaCI, Na2SO4, NaHCO3 and Na2CO3） and 30 salt-alkaline combinations （salinity 24-120 mmollL and pH 7.03-10.32） treating Medicago sativa seedlings was conducted. The results demonstrated that salinity and alkalinity significantly affected total biomass and biomass components of seedlings. There were interactive effects of salt composition and concentration on biomass （P 〈 0.001）. The interactions between salinity and alkalinity stresses led to changes in the root activity along the salinity gradient （P 〈 0.001）. The effects of alkalinity on seedling survival rate were more significant than those of salinity, and the seedlings demonstrated some physiological responses （leaf electrolyte leakage rate and proline content） in order to adapt to mixed salt-alkaline stresses. It was concluded that the mixed salt-alkaline stresses, which differ from either salt or alkali stress, emphasize the significant interaction between salt concentration （salinity） and salt component （alkalinity）. Further, the effects of the interaction between high alkalinity and salinity are more severe than those of either salt or alkali stress, and such a cooperative interaction results in more sensitive responses of ecological and physiological characteristics in plants.