首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 265 毫秒
1.
西藏沙蜥属一新种—泽当沙蜥   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
根据形态特征,泽当居群与西藏沙蜥、红尾沙蜥有显著区别,为沙蜥属一新种:泽当沙蜥Phrynocephalus zetangensis sp.nov.Wang,Zeng et Wu鉴别特征为鼻鳞1枚;鼻间鳞4-5枚;背鳞数少于腹鳞数;雄性尾末端黑色,雌性灰白色。  相似文献   

2.
金园庭  刘逎发 《动物学报》2008,54(1):111-121
青海沙蜥和贵德沙蜥在共和沙珠玉地区重叠分布,形态和遗传显著不同。线粒体基因序列分析说明在重叠区两种蜥蜴mtDNA基因相互渗透。重叠区19个青海沙蜥个体中有1个具有贵德沙蜥线粒体基因型,但形态与青海沙蜥相似。6个贵德沙蜥个体中有1个具有青海沙蜥线粒体基因型,形态与贵德沙蜥相似。两种沙蜥在该地区的基因流动可能发生在共和古湖的退缩消失后次级相遇形成的。分子钟推测杂交发生的时间大约在19至16万年前,与古湖的消失时间(15万年前)相符。  相似文献   

3.
贵南沙蜥Phrynocephalus guinanensis为近年沙蜥属新命名的物种,形态上区别于贵德沙蜥P.putjatia与青海沙蜥P.vlangalii,而最近沙蜥分子系统发育研究的结果不支持贵南沙蜥为一有效种,它在分子树拓扑结构上与贵德沙蜥一亚分支样本聚在一起。本文观察贵南沙蜥核型为2n=24I+24m,具有12对大染色体和12对小染色体,其中大染色体均为端部类型,且无性别相关的异型染色体。青海11个沙蜥种群染色体特征的聚类分析表明贵南沙蜥与贵德沙蜥聚于同一分支,该分支构成青海沙蜥分支的姐妹支,证实贵南沙蜥与贵德沙蜥具有较近的核型演化关系。研究结果不支持贵南沙蜥为有效物种。  相似文献   

4.
九种沙蜥的核型——兼论中国沙蜥属核型演化   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
报道了沙蜥属9种21个不同居群的核型及银分带核型。荒漠沙蜥、草原沙蜥和斑点沙蜥2n=46=22I+24m,NF=46。叶城沙蜥2n=46=2sI+20I+24m,NF=46。南疆沙蜥、泽当沙蜥、青海沙蜥和红原沙蜥2n=48=24I+24m,NF=48。青海沙蜥具有异型性染色体。大耳沙蜥2n=48=2V+8sV+12sI+26m,NF=58。9种中,NOR均位于微小染色体对上。与本属已知核型比较,确认我国沙蜥属核型均来自共同的核型祖先,可分为3个核型类群:(1)2n=46,11对大染色体类群;(2)2n=48,12对大染色体类群;(3)大耳沙蜥。前两个类群核型与生态地理分布紧密相关。讨论了我国沙蜥属物种核型演化趋势,并结合地史资料探讨了本属核型演化与第三纪以来古地史变迁的关系。  相似文献   

5.
本文通过比较四种沙蜥近缘种:青海沙蜥(Phrynocephalus vlangalii)、荒漠沙蜥(P.przewalskii)、变色沙蜥(P.versicolor)和叶城沙蜥(P.axillaries)形态特征和分析青海沙蜥种群沿海拔梯度的变异来验证Bergmann和Allen规律在爬行动物沙蜥属的适用性。生存在邻近地区不同海拔梯度的四种沙蜥个体大小种间比较显示遵循Bergmann和Allen规律,分布于高海拔的青海沙蜥尾椎骨数显著少于其它三种低海拔沙蜥,这种沿海拔梯度种间形态变异可能主要由遗传因素决定。青海沙蜥随海拔梯度的上升个体变小,四肢变短,形态变异反Bergmann规律,相对尾长随海拔变异遵循Allen规律,但相对四肢长度反Allen规律。这种变异可能更受到不同海拔梯度环境特征,尤其是高海拔缺氧和食物短缺的影响。  相似文献   

6.
旱地沙蜥Phrynocephalus helioscopus是一种在我国仅分布于新疆北部的蜥蜴。通过测量和比较采自新疆塔城地区旱地沙蜥的体长、口宽、头宽、头高、头长、眼间距、腹部长、尾长等8个形态特征研究旱地沙蜥的两性异形。本研究共采集到旱地沙蜥51只,其中,雌性23只,雄性28只。雌雄平均体长分别为48.03 mm和47.69 mm。结果表明旱地沙蜥两性体长的差异无统计学意义,其体长与口宽、头宽、头高、头长、眼间距、腹部长和尾长7个形态特征均显著正相关。在控制体长的基础上比较得出,雌雄个体在头高、头长、腹部长和尾长上的差异有统计学意义,口宽、头宽、眼间距的差异无统计学意义。其中,雄性的头高、头长和尾长均大于雌性,雌性的腹部长则明显大于雄性。旱地沙蜥的腹部长呈现明显的异形生长,雌性的生长速率明显大于雄性。旱地沙蜥的两性异形可能是性选择压力与生育力选择压力共同作用的结果,雄性头部更大、尾部更长,在性选择中具有优势;雌性腹部更长,能够繁育更多的后代。  相似文献   

7.
青海沙蜥的两性异型和雌性繁殖   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
章熙东  计翔  罗来高  高建芳  章玲 《动物学报》2005,51(6):1006-1012
作者研究了青海沙蜥(Phrynocephalus vlangalii)形态特征的两性异形和雌体繁殖特征。蜥蜴于2005年5月初捕自西宁以西约150km的倒淌河,被检形态特征包括体色、体长、腹长、尾长、头长和头宽,新排卵雌体维持在实验室梯度热环境中直至产仔。成体两性异形显著,而性未成熟个体缺乏两性异形。最大的成年雄体和雌体分别为70.2mmSVL(snout-vent length)和82.8mmSVL。雄性成体具有相对较大的头长、头宽和尾长,雌性成体SVL大于雄体且具有相对较大的腹长。对4个形态特征进行主成分分析(特征值≥0.5)区分出2个主成分,共解释83.9%的两性相关形态特征的变异。去除SVL差异的影响后,尾长、头长和头宽在第一主成分有较高的正负载系数(解释57.8%的变异),腹长在第二主成分有较高的负负载系数(解释26.1%的变异)。实验室梯度热环境下的雌体于6月下旬至7月中旬产单窝、2-6个后代。窝仔数和窝仔重与母体SVL呈正相关,幼仔重与母体SVL无关。未在青海沙蜥中检测到后代数量与大小之间的权衡。  相似文献   

8.
西藏几种沙蜥的分类、演化、分布及其与古地史的关系   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
西藏地区有沙蜥属3种:西藏沙蜥(Phrynocephalustheobaldi)红尾沙蜥(P.erythrurus)和泽当沙蜥(P.zetangensis),根据形态特征和地理分布特点西藏沙蜥又为为西藏沙蜥指名亚种(P.theobalditheobaldi)和1新亚种-西藏沙蜥东方亚种(P.theobaldiorientalisnov.ssp)二者的主要鉴别特征是:(1)前者后肢贴体前伸达到或超过  相似文献   

9.
正在塔克拉玛干沙漠的边缘和腹地,我们随处都可以看到变色沙蜥的足迹,这是一种刻画在沙漠表面的清晰的足迹曲线,让人联想起它那轻快的脚步,时而快速奔跑,时而悠闲漫步。变色沙蜥是鬣蜥科沙蜥属的爬行动物。它的蜥头体长41~58毫米,尾长55~70毫米。头长圆形,宽度略大于长。吻圆稍尖,吻鳞较大。身体平扁而宽阔,颈侧褶和体侧褶发达。其背部没有突起的鳞丛或棱鳞,但是具有背鳞,较大,往两侧逐渐变  相似文献   

10.
赵雪  毕俊怀 《动物学杂志》2014,49(2):274-279
于2011年9月在内蒙古库布齐沙漠捕获118条草原沙蜥(Phrynocephalus frontalis)幼体,测量其部分身体指数并对其两性异形进行研究。结果表明,雄性幼体和雌性幼体的平均体长分别为36.3 mm和34.0 mm,雄性的体长显著大于雌性。两性异形表现为雄性幼体有较大的头部和尾部,雌性幼体具有较大的腋胯距。草原沙蜥幼体的局部形态特征皆与体长成正相关。  相似文献   

11.
The toad-headed lizards of genus Phrynocephalus are distributed from northwestern China to Turkey and are one of the major components of the central Asian desert fauna. To date, published morphological and molecular phylogenetic hypotheses of Phrynocephalus are only partially congruent, and the relationships within the genus are still far from clear. We re-analyzed published mitochondrial gene sequence data (12S, 16S, cyt b, ND4-tRNA(Leu)) by employing partition-specific modeling in a combined DNA analysis to clarify existing gaps in the phylogeny of Chinese Phrynocephalus. Using this phylogenetic framework, we inferred the genus' historical biogeography by using weighted ancestral-area analysis and dispersal-vicariance analysis in combination with a Bayesian relaxed molecular-clock approach and paleogeographical data. The partitioned Bayesian analyses support the monophyly of Phrynocephalus and its sister-group relationship with Laudakia. An earlier finding demonstrating the monophyly of the viviparous group is corroborated. However, our hypothesis of internal relationships of the oviparous group differs from a previous hypothesis as our results do not support monophyly of the oviparous taxa. Instead, the viviparous taxa form a clade with many oviparous taxa exclusive of P. helioscopus and P. mystaceus. Our results also suggest that: (1) P. putjatia is a valid species, comprising populations from Guide, Qinghai Province and Tianzhu, Gansu Province; (2) P. hongyuanensis is not a valid species, synonymized instead with P. vlangalii; (3) P. zetangensis is not a valid species and should be included in P. theobaldi; (4) the population occurring in Kuytun, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is recognized as P. guttatus instead of P. versicolor; and (5) the Lanzhou population of P. frontalis is part of P. przewalskii. Congruent with previous hypotheses, the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau played a fundamental role in the diversification of Phrynocephalus. An evolutionary scenario combining aspects of vicariance and dispersal is necessary to explain the distribution of Phrynocephalus. Bayesian divergence-time estimation suggests that Phrynocephalus originated at the Middle-Late Miocene boundary (15.16-10.4 Ma), and diversified from Late Miocene to Pleistocene from a center of origin in Central Asia, Tarim Basin, and Junggar Basin temperate desert, followed by several rapid speciation events in a relatively short time. The proposed biogeographic scenarios also indicate that the Tarim Basin desert may be the secondary diversification center, followed by Junggar Basin temperate desert and Alashan Plateau temperate desert. In the viviparous group, the allopatric speciation of P. theobaldi and P. vlangalii may have been caused by the uplifting of Tanggula Mountain Ranges. In addition, the results of this study make an important contribution to understanding the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and Tian Shan Mountains and the biogeography of the entire region.  相似文献   

12.
二月兰形态性状的变异分析   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
二月兰(Orychophragmus violaceus)是集食用、保健、饲用和观赏于一身的优良地被植物。其遗传背景单一、生长周期短,是发展模式植物的优良材料。为了开发其育种价值,我们对二月兰的形态变异式样进行了初步分析。共选取了北京和南京地区的7个居群的34个表型性状进行观测。通过计算分析发现:株高、茎和花序分枝等性状受环境影响较大,因而其分类价值不大;叶形、毛被、叶缘锯齿等性状的变异在居群内是连续的,所以也不是可靠的分类性状;而花部性状的一些变异,包括花瓣的颜色、大小、形态,基本不受环境影响,且这些变异在居群内是不连续的,所以其分类价值相对较高。对17个数值性状的方差分析和多重比较结果表明,在同一年度内,大部分性状在不同地区间差异不显著,在居群间差异极显著;而在不同年度内,居群间差异不显著。最后,对7个居群和30个表型性状进行了数量分类:Q分析表明北京颐和园、南京紫金山山顶公园和南京中山植物园居群比较相似,而北京圆明园、北京海淀区后八家苗圃、南京情侣园和北京天坛公园居群较相似。R分析揭示了二月兰花部、叶部、反映植株毛被和颜色以及表现植株生长量的性状间均具有一定的相关性。这些研究可为种下等级的划分和进一步的遗传研究以及品种培育提供一定的参数资料。  相似文献   

13.
荒漠沙蜥繁殖生态研究   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
刘逎发  陈强  解雪梅 《生态学报》1996,16(3):276-282
荒漠沙蜥(Phrynocephalusprzewalskii)1年繁殖1次,有明显的季节性周期。4月初出蛰时雄性精巢已相当发育,5月其重量和体积最大,6月变小,进入精子发生的晚期,7月降到最小,8月开始回升,10月中旬入蛰时已接近春季出蛰时水平。1年内仅7月精巢中无精子。雌性出蛰后卵细胞开始发育,4月下旬进入成熟期,6月达高峰,7月下降,8月进入休止期。每雌年产卵1~3枚或1~4枚,平均1.83(n=48,1987)和2.17(n=48,1993)。特定体长组的生殖率是影响种群年平均生殖率的主要因素。生殖周期与光周期相符,光周期是影响荒漠沙蜥生殖周期的主要气候因子。  相似文献   

14.
钟扬  陈家宽   《广西植物》1991,11(4):304-307
本文运用聚类分析和主成分分析基础上构造最小生成树的方法,对采自中国南方的7个矮慈菇居群用28个形态学性状进行了数量分类研究。结果划分出3个类群,综合反映了各居群间的亲缘关系。本文还简要讨论了数量分类学方法在居群生物学中的应用问题。  相似文献   

15.
To assess the impact of natural landscapes on the population structure of lizards, 10 polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers were developed for the Qinghai toad-headed lizard, Phrynocephalus vlangalii. The number of alleles at these informative loci ranged from four to 28. The novel markers and those previously developed for Phrynocephalus przewalskii were cross-tested among three toad-headed lizard species P. vlangalii, P. przewalskii and P. guttatus. A high cross-utility rate of more than 58% was observed among these three species. These markers are expected to be useful tools for taxonomic considerations as well as population genetic analysis and future conservation management.  相似文献   

16.
Shell morphological characters and allozyme electrophoresis were used to study the relationships among six geographical populations of land snails collected from Peninsular Malaysia. Allozyme electrophoresis was used to study the genetic variations to complement the morphological features studied that included shell lengths, numbers of whorls and shell colour. Ten loci coding for six enzymes (MDH, LAP, ALP, PGM, G6P DH, and EST) could be reliably scored in samples from the six populations studied. The dendrogram showed two major clusters with one cluster comprising Subulinidae populations from Perak, Selangor, Johor, Terengganu, and Pahang while the other cluster included only the Streptaxidae Huttonella bicolor (red) population. The Subulinidae populations were grouped into two subclusters: one subcluster included the Subulina sp. populations from Perak, Selangor, and Johor, while the other subcluster included the Opeas sp. populations from Terengganu and Pahang. Morphological features can identify the different families ant therefore they can complement the allozyme genetic studies on the land snail populations. Like other reports in the literature, our results also underline the importance of a genetic approach in conjunction with a morphological approach, for discriminating land snail species. The present results suggest that small land snails, which were similar in colour but different in sizes, were not of the same family/genus. The text was submitted by the authors in English.  相似文献   

17.
Choh MS  Yap CK  Tan SG  Jambari HA 《Genetika》2006,42(1):49-57
Shell morphological characters and allozyme electrophoresis were used to study the relationships among six geographical populations of land snails collected from Peninsular Malaysia. Allozyme electrophoresis was used to study the genetic variations to complement the morphological features studied that included shell lengths, numbers of whorls and shell colour. Ten loci coding for six enzymes (MDH, LAP, ALP, PGM, G6PDH and EST) could be reliably scored in samples from the six populations studied. The dendrogram showed two major clusters with one cluster comprising Subulinidae populations from Perak, Selangor, Johor, Terengganu and Pahang while the other cluster included only the Streptaxidae Huttonella bicolor (red) population. The Subulinidae populations were grouped into two subclusters: one subcluster included the Subulina sp. populations from Perak, Selangor an Johor while the other subcluster included the Opeas sp. populations from Terengganu and Pahang. Morphological features can identify the different families and therefore they can complement the allozyme genetic studies on the land snail populations. Like other reports in the literature, our results also underline the importance of a genetic approach in conjunction with a morphological approach, for discriminating land snail species. The present results suggest that small land snails, which were similar in colour but different in sizes, were not of the same family/genus.  相似文献   

18.
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号