中国艳天牛属一新种：鞘翅目：天牛科：天牛亚科

中国艳天牛属一新种（鞘翅目：天牛科：天牛亚科）蒋书楠,陈力（西南农业大学植物保护系,四川省重庆市北碚６３０７１６）关键词天牛科,分类学,艳天牛属,新种天牛亚科艳天牛属ＡｃｒｏｃｙｒｔｉｄｕｓＪｏｒｄｏｎ的已知种类,可分为金色毛被种和银色毛被种两类。Ｊ...     

云南天牛科三新种记述：鞘翅目：天牛科

记述了采自云南的沟胫天牛亚科３新种：齿尾毡天牛Ｔｈｙｌａｃｕｓｄｅｎｔｉｐｅｎｎｉｓ、黑斑灰天牛Ｂｌｅｐｅｐｈａｅｕｓｎｉｇｒｏｓｔｉｇｍａ和云南刺锦天牛Ｓｔｅｒｎｏｈａｍｍｕｓｙｕｎｎａｎａ。其中,刺锦天牛属ＳｔｅｒｎｏｈａｍｍｕｓＢｒｅｕｎｉｎｇ为我国首次记载。新种模式标本保存于西南农业大学昆虫标本馆。     

中国花天牛亚科新种及新记录：鞘翅目：天牛科

中国花天牛亚科新种及新记录（鞘翅目：天牛科）王文凯，蒋书楠（西南农业大学植物保护系，四川省重庆市６３０７１６）关键词天牛科，花天牛亚科，新种，新记录，中国花天牛亚科ＬｅＰｔｕｒｉｎａｅ是天牛科Ｃｅｒａｍｂｖｃｉｄａｅ中的第三大亚科，因其大多数种类的成...     

东洋区五种并脊天牛的国家级新记录（鞘翅目：天牛科：沟胫天牛亚科：楔天牛族）

报道东洋区五种并脊天牛的一些国家级新记录。常卿并脊天牛Glenea changchini Lin&Lin,2011是越南新记录种;郎氏并脊天牛G.rondoni Breuning,1963是泰国新记录种;窄条并脊天牛G. subregularis Pic,1943是老挝新记录种;拟绿缝并脊天牛G. subviridescens Breuning,1963是中国、越南和泰国新记录种;绿缝并脊天牛G. viridescens Pic,1927是中国和老挝新记录种。提供了相关种类的模式标本照片和新记录证据标本照片。     

重突天牛族中国老挝二新纪录种（鞘翅目：天牛科：沟胫天牛亚科）

记述天牛科沟胫天牛亚科重突天牛族1中国新纪录种:老挝缨额天牛Momisis submonticola Breuning,1968和1老挝新纪录种:黄蓝眼天牛Bacchisa guerryi(Pic,1911),补充了黄蓝眼天牛B.guerryi(Pic,1911)的雌、雄生殖器描述。     

中国浑天牛属一新种：鞘翅目：天牛科

天牛科短柄天牛族Petrognathini的浑天牛属Ioesse中国尚无记载,全世界仅记录血红浑天牛Ioesse sanguilenta Thomson 1个种,Thomson(1864)的原描述为雌虫,Gahan(1894)描述了雄虫,已知的分布纪录为马来西亚、缅甸、越南和老挝。本文记述的是在西藏墨脱县采到的1个新种。     

中国瘦棍腿天牛属一新记录种（鞘翅目：天牛科：天牛亚科）

记述中国瘦棍腿天牛属1新记录种:白腹瘦棍腿天牛Stenodryas ventralis(Gahan, 1906)。简述了该种的形态特征,提供了瘦棍腿天牛属中国已知记录种的检索表。研究标本保存在西南大学昆虫标本馆。     

中国广翅天牛属记述（鞘翅目：天牛科）

本文记述了广翅天牛属Plaxomicrus的主要特征及地理分布,对于1新种进行形态描述,记载了我国1种新纪录,并对我国已知的6种,编制成种检索表,以资区别。它们是:广翅天牛P.ellipticus Thomson,细点广翅天牛P.latus Gahan(中国新纪录),蜀广翅天牛P.szeischuanus Breuning,蓝基广翅天牛P.violaceomaculatus Pic,淡色广翅天牛P.pallidicolor Pic及黑腹广翅天牛P.nigrivenrris sp.nov.     

中国象天牛族一新纪录属、三新纪录种和圆尾长臂象天牛分类订正（鞘翅目：天牛科：沟胫天牛亚科）

报道中国象天牛族3新纪录种:齿带瘤象天牛Coptops ocellifera Breuning,1965,黑带埃象天牛Ereis subfasciata Pic,1925和哈朗瘦象天牛Leptomesosa langana(Pic,1917)。其中埃象天牛属Ereis Pascoe,1865是中国新纪录属。圆尾长臂象天牛Golsinda basicornis Gahan,1894是贵州省新纪录种,皱胸角象天牛Mesocacia rugicollis Gressitt,1940被作为圆尾长臂象天牛的新异名,并指定了圆尾长臂象天牛的正副选模标本。     

中国脊虎天牛属—新种及—新亚种（鞘翅目：天牛科：天牛亚科）

记述中国天牛亚科脊虎天牛属1新种及1新亚种,即十四斑脊虎天牛Xy-lotrechus quattuordecimmaculatus,nov.sp.和侧线脊虎天牛侧断点亚种Xylotrechus lateralis fracturis,nov.ssp.。模式标本保存在西南农业大学昆虫标本馆。     

Evolutionary relationships among aquatic anamorphs and teleomorphs: Lemonniera, Margaritispora, and Goniopila

The hypothesis that similar conidial morphologies in aquatic hyphomycetes are a result of convergent evolution was tested using molecular sequence data. Cladistic analyses were performed on partial sequences of 28S rDNA of seven species of Lemonniera, one species of Margaritispora and one species of Goniopila. Lemonniera has tetraradiate conidia with long arms, whereas Margaritispora and Goniopila have typically globose (isodiametric) conidia, with short conical protuberances in a stellate or quadrangular arrangement. Lemonniera and Margaritispora have phialidic conidiogenesis and both produce dark, minute sclerotia in culture whereas Goniopila has holoblastic conidiogenesis and does not produce sclerotia in culture. Goniopila produces a microconidial phialidic synanamorph in culture. All three genera have schizolytic conidial secession. Molecular analyses demonstrate that Lemonniera species are placed in two distinct clades: one within Leotiomycetes; the other within Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes. Margaritispora is placed with Lemonniera species within Leotiomycetes. Goniopila and Lemonniera pseudofloscula are placed within Dothideomycetes. No morphological character was entirely congruent with the molecular derived phylogeny. This suggests that for the group of species studied, conidial shape is not a reliable indicator of phylogeny but more likely the result of convergent evolution in response to the aquatic environment.     

Intradiurnal periodicity of fungal spore concentrations (Alternaria, Botrytis, Cladosporium, Didymella, Ganoderma) in Cracow, Poland

Aerobiological monitoring enables the definition of seasonal fungal spore concentrations and also intradiurnal time when the highest concentrations of spores could cause or increase allergy symptoms. These data are useful to estimate symptoms of disease, duration of infection and how advanced the illness is in people suffering from fungal allergens. The aim of the study was to compare the concentrations of fungal spores (Alternaria, Botrytis, Cladosporium, Didymella, Ganoderma) during dry and rainy periods and to analyse their intradiurnal changes. Average daily spore concentrations in dry and rainy periods were compared, using z test, separately for each taxon, season and for a combined 3-year period. Intradiurnal periodicity of fungal spore concentrations was analysed on the basis of three complementary diagrams. These spore concentrations were presented using three curves for all, dry and rainy days in 1997–1999 (April–November). The spore percentage in particular hours was normalized in relation to the daily spore sum accepted as 100%. Two further diagrams enabled the more precise analysis of the highest concentrations in dry days. Daily Botrytis and Cladosporium spore concentrations did not show significant differences between dry and rainy periods. In the case of Didymella and Ganoderma spore concentrations, there were no significant differences between both weather types in the single years, although there was a significant difference when a 3-year period was considered. The differences between daily concentrations of Alternaria spores in dry and rainy periods occurred in 1997 and in a 3-year period. Intradiurnal periodicity of spore concentrations was different for ‘dry’ and ‘wet’ fungal spores. Dry spores are released from the spore-producing parts of the fungus under conditions of decreasing humidity and increasing airflow. Examples of dry spores are those from Alternaria, Cladosporium and Botrytis. Wet spores, such as those from many Ascomycetes (Didymella) and Basidiomycetes (Ganoderma), are released into the atmosphere by processes related to humidity conditions or rain. The highest concentrations of ‘dry’ spores were observed early in the afternoon, while highest values of ‘wet’ spore concentrations occurred in the predawn hours. Statistically non-significant differences between daily spore concentrations in dry and rainy periods of single seasons were found except for Alternaria. Statistically significant differences could occur when the studied period was longer than one season (Alternaria, Didymella, Ganoderma). The highest concentrations of Alternaria, Botrytis and Cladosporium spores were recorded at noon and early in the afternoon. Concentrations of Didymella and Ganoderma spores were highest in the predawn hours.     

Cloning and expression of the Apa LI, Nsp I, Nsp HI, Sac I, Sca I, and Sap I restriction-modification systems in Escherichia coli

The genes encoding the ApaLI (5′-G^TGCAC-3′), NspI (5′-RCATG^Y-3′), NspHI (5′-RCATG^Y-3′), SacI (5′-GAGCT^C-3′), SapI (5′-GCTCTTCN1^-3′, 5′-^N4GAAGAGC-3′) and ScaI (5′-AGT^ACT-3′) restriction-modification systems have been cloned in E.␣coli. Amino acid sequence comparison of M.ApaLI, M.NspI, M.NspHI, and M.SacI with known methylases indicated that they contain the ten conserved motifs characteristic of C5 cytosine methylases. NspI and NspHI restriction-modification systems are highly homologous in amino acid sequence. The C-termini of the NspI and NlaIII (5′-CATG-3′) restriction endonucleases share significant similarity. 5mC modification of the internal C in a SacI site renders it resistant to SacI digestion. External 5mC modification of a SacI site has no effect on SacI digestion. N4mC modification of the second base in the sequence 5′-GCTCTTC-3′ blocks SapI digestion. N4mC modification of the other cytosines in the SapI site does not affect SapI digestion. N4mC modification of ScaI site blocks ScaI digetion. A DNA invertase homolog was found adjacent to the ApaLI restriction-modification system. A DNA transposase subunit homolog was found upstream of the SapI restriction endonuclease gene. Received: 15 April 1998 / Accepted: 3 August 1998     

A morphological cladistic analysis of Lecythidoideae with emphasis on Bertholletia, Corythophora, Eschweilera, and Lecythis

A cladistic analysis was conducted to test the monophyly of Eschweilera and Lecythis as well as to examine the relationships of these two genera and their close relatives Bertholletia and Corythophora. The study included 86 species, representing all four genera and covering the range of taxonomic and morphological variation in the genera. The data matrix included 49 parsimony-informative characters derived from vegetative, floral, fruit, and seed morphology and anatomy. The results based on the consensus of all most parsimonious trees indicate that Bertholletia, Corythophora, Eschweilera, and Lecythis form a clade supported by brachyparacytic stomata, the absence of pedicels (with subsequent reversals in several clades), a two or four-locular ovary, the presence of an aril, and the absence of cotyledons. Within the clade, the monophyly of Corythophora is supported by the presence of inflorescence scales and the absence of nectar. Eschweilera is monophyletic only if E. congestiflora and E. simiorum are excluded. The monophyly of Eschweilera is supported by the presence of a two-locular ovary. Lecythis is not monophyletic, but sections Corrugata, Pisonis, and Poiteaui are monophyletic. Three species of section Lecythis are more closely related to Eschweilera, and other species of section Lecythis along with Bertholletia excelsa remain as unresolved.     

A family history of DUX4: phylogenetic analysis of DUXA, B, C and Duxbl reveals the ancestral DUX gene

Background  

DUX4 is causally involved in the molecular pathogenesis of the neuromuscular disorder facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). It has previously been proposed to have arisen by retrotransposition of DUXC, one of four known intron-containing DUX genes. Here, we investigate the evolutionary history of this multi-member double-homeobox gene family in eutherian mammals.     

担子菌门总革菌科中国新记录种紫黑点壳菌

[背景] 在陕西省的毛泡桐腐木桩上观察和采集到一株绒毛状真菌子实体,编号为HMNWAFU-CF-HS002。[目的] 为了确定该菌的分类地位,对其进行形态观察及分子鉴定。[方法] 获取宏观彩色图像并对显微结构进行测量、统计和绘图。此外,用PDA培养基分离纯化该菌的培养物,并结合最大似然法、最大简约法和贝叶斯法进行rDNA ITS分子系统学研究。[结果] HMNWAFU-CF-HS002的形态特征与Punctularia atropurpurascens高度相似。系统发育分析将HMNWAFU-CF-HS002聚在P.atropurpurascens的单系分支中。[结论] 结合形态学特征与系统发育结果,HMNWAFU-CF-HS002被鉴定紫黑点壳菌（Punctularia atropurpurascens）,为中国的新记录种。此外,毛泡桐为其新记录寄主。至此,Punctularia属下的3个种,均在中国有分布记录。     

Genomic distribution of retrotransposons 297, 1731, copia, mdg1 and roo in the Drosophila melanogaster species subgroup

The intragenomic distribution of five retrotransposon families (297, 1731, copia, mdg1 and roo) in the species of the melanogaster complex was studied by comparing results of the Southern blotting technique in males and females with those of in situ hybridization. The degree of structural polymorphism of each family in the different species was also investigated by restriction enzyme analysis. It was found that genomic distribution is a trait that depends on the family and species. The distribution of roo is mainly euchromatic in the four species and 1731 is heterochromatic, but the distribution of families 297, copia and mdg1 is markedly different in the melanogaster and simulans clades. These families were mainly euchromatic in D. melanogaster but heterochromatic in its sibling species. In the simulans clade most copia and mdg1 elements are located on chromosome Y. Differences in genomic distribution are unrelated with structural conservation. The relation of intragenomic distribution to phylogeny, transpositional activity and the role of the host genome are discussed.     

Origin of the subgeneraCyclampterium, Paralampterium andSciadiopeplus fromLophocyrtis (Lophocyrtis) (Radiolaria, Theoperidae)

Work on the exceptionally well-preserved, rapidly accumulating Bath Cliff Section, Barbados and supplementary Deep Sea Drilling Project samples, has revealed the evolutionary origins of three stratigraphically useful species in theCryptoprora ornata Zone straddling the Eocene/Oligocene boundary and demonstrated the origin of the genusCyclampterium. Elucidation of the origin ofCyclampterium milowi necessitates a revision of the generaLophocyrtis andCyclampterium.Lophocyrtis (Lophocyrtis)jacchia is the ancestor ofL. (Cyclampterium)hadra, the earliest member in the subgenusCyclampterium which comprises the anagenetic lineage leading fromL. (C.)hadra toL. (C.)neatum. The monotypic subgenusSciadiopeplus branches off from an early member in theCyclampterium lineage. The new speciesL. (L.)exitelus andL. (S.)oberhaensliae terminate the subgeneraLophocyrtis andSciadiopeplus, respectively. During the investigation it also became clear that morphotypes resembling earlyL. (C.)milowi could be found in mid and high latitude assemblages in the late Early and late Middle Eocene. The origin of one these morphotypes was also traced toL. (Lophocyrtis)jacchia giving rise to the new subgenusParalampterium. This lineage includes the new speciesL. (Paralampterium)dumitricai and two species questionably assigned to it,L. (Paralampterium)?longiventer and the new speciesL. (Paralampterium) ?galenum. The relationship ofL. (P.)dumitricai toL. (P.) ?longiventer andL. (P.) ?galenum is unknown.     

Taxonomic notes on Pogonieae ( Orchidaceae ): Cleistesiopsis, a new genus segregated from Cleistes , and description of two new South American species, Cleistes batistana and C. elongata

Summary  A new genus, Cleistesiopsis, was segregated from Cleistes based on morphological and molecular characteristics, and two new species of Cleistes: C. batistana and C. elongata, both occurring in the Brazilian Central Plateau (Central-Western Brazil), are described and illustrated. Furthermore, a key to genera currently recognised within Pogonieae is presented.

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Resumo  Um novo gênero, Cleistesiopsis, é segregado de Cleistes com base em caracteres morfológicos e moleculares, e duas novas espécies de Cleistes: C. batistana e C. elongata, que ocorrem no Planalto Central, no Centro-Oeste do Brasil, s?o descritas e ilustradas. Além disso, uma chave para os gêneros que atualmente comp?em a tribo Pogonieae é apresentada.

     

Comparative study of Bifidobacteriumanimalis, Escherichiacoli, Lactobacilluscasei and Saccharomycesboulardii probiotic properties

The present work investigates some probiotic properties of four different microorganisms (Bifidobacterium animalis var. lactis BB-12, Escherichia coli EMO, Lactobacillus casei and Saccharomyces boulardii). In vitro and in vivo tests were carried out to compare cell wall hydrophobicity, production of antagonistic substances, survival capacity in the gastrointestinal tract of germ-free mice without pathological consequence, and immune modulation by stimulation of Küpffer cells, intestinal sIgA and IL-10 levels. In vitro antagonism against pathogenic bacteria and yeast was only observed for the probiotic bacteria B. animalis and L. casei. The hydrophobic property of the cell wall was higher for B. animalis and E. coli EMO, and this property could be responsible for a better ability to colonize the gastrointestinal tract of germ-free mice. Higher levels of sIgA were observed mainly for S. boulardii, followed by E. coli EMO and B. animalis, and only S. boulardii induced a significant higher level of IL-10. In conclusion, for a probiotic use, S. boulardii presented better characteristics in terms of immunomodulation, and B. animalis and L. casei for antagonistic substance production. The knowledge of the different probiotic properties could be used to choice the better microorganism depending on the therapeutic or prophylactic application.