中国陕西诺(虫责)种团(襀翅目,卷(虫责)科)一新种记述

记述宁夏卷1新种,即龙潭诺Rhopalopsole longtana sp.nov.,并讨论了其与近似种的区别。模式标本保存在中国农业大学博物馆。龙潭诺,新种Rhopalopsole longtana sp.nov.(图1～8)新种与秦岭诺R.qinlinga Sivec&Harper,2008近似,肛侧突大型,具强骨化的刺突,同属于陕西诺种团。二者的主要区别在于:新种雄虫第9背板后缘中部有1隆起的横脊和三角形刺突,其两侧各有1个向后延伸的叶状突,肛上突端部三角形。而秦岭诺雄虫第9背板无刺突,后缘略平直,肛上突端部圆钝。正模♂,宁夏泾源龙潭,2008-07-05,刘经贤采。词源:新种种名以采集人的姓氏命名。     

中国华襀属一新种记述（襀翅目：襀科）

记述中国襀科 Perlidae 华襀属 Chinoperla 1 新种:勐满华襀 Chinoperla mengmanensis sp. nov.。本新种与其他华襀属种类的区别在于:第9背板前缘中部骨片短小且强骨化,呈倒V形;半背片细长,紧挨第 9 背板中部骨片;阳茎部分骨化,阳茎囊未完全翻出,但是明显呈三叶,背外侧两叶完全覆盖小棘刺,中叶呈球形囊泡,无棘刺。模式标本保存于扬州大学昆虫标本室。     

河南新(虫责)属(襀翅目,(虫责)科)一新种记述

记述采自河南的1新种,河南新Neoperla henana sp.nov.,并讨论了其与近似种的区别。模式标本保存在河南科技学院标本馆。河南新,新种Neoperla henana sp.nov.(图1～5)新种腹部第7背板隆突和第8背板的骨化突特征与师周新Neoperla magisterchoui Du,2000近似。二者的主要区别在于:新种雄虫阳茎囊略长于阳茎管,阳茎管端部有1对膜质突起。而师周新雄虫阳茎囊长度约为阳茎管的两倍,阳茎管端部有两对膜质突起。正模♂,河南南阳老界岭,2008-07-02,李卫海采,副模1♂,同正模。词源:新种以标本的模式产地命名。     

缅甸克钦琥珀白垩纪石蝇(襀翅目: 襀科)新属种记述

文中简述了襀翅目缅甸琥珀研究概况,并基于一件保存较好的雌虫标本,报道了襀翅目襀科新属种Burperla decolorata gen. et sp. nov.。该化石具有以下重要特征:体较长,体色浅,触须与触角较长, RP脉末端接近翅端部,下殖板宽大、圆形,后缘中部突出。这些形态特征显著区别于襀科的其它化石及现生类群。     

中国植种蝇属（双翅目：花蝇科）四新种和二新记录

采用甘肃和陕西省的花蝇科植种蝇属四新种和二新记录,分别为瘦林植种蝇Botanophila angustisilva sp.nov.,分布于陕西省周至厚畛子,甘肃省县邱家坝,该种近似林植种蝇Botanophila silva(Suwa 1974),但新种雄前中鬓1－2对,背侧片无小毛;前缘刺缺如：股节和胫节黄色;第五腹板侧叶基半部具4－5根栉状粗鬓,其端半部具两根长鬓,肛尾叶和侧尾叶均细长,肛尾叶正中突较长等不同,龟叶植种蝇Botanophila chelonocerca sp.nov.,分布于甘肃省舟曲沙滩林场,康县清河,宕昌黄家路林场,该种近似于棘腹种植蝇Botanophila spinisternata (suwa,1974),但新种雄性触角芒为羽状,侧彦为触角宽的2倍,足全黑,后胫前背鬓2,肛尾叶的正 较长,末端呈菱形,侧尾叶较宽,端部圆,且向前方弯曲等不同,妙钳植种蝇Botanophila sanctiforceps sp.nov.,分布于甘肃省县邱家坝石崖子梁,该种近似于苦荬植种蝇Botanophila sonchi (hardy,1872),但新种雄颊高为眼高的1／7,前中鬓呈体毛状;前缘基鳞黑色;肛尾叶的正中突分叉等不同,拟暗植种蝇Botanophila subobscura sp.nov.,分布于甘肃省县邱家坝石崖子梁,该种近似于暗植种蝇Botanophila obscura (Zetterstedt 1845),但新种雄下眶鬓6－7对;背侧片具毛;第五腹板侧叶基部外侧具许多长鬃毛,肛尾叶正中突较长,同其下方的正中突略等长,肛尾叶后面的小叶和基缘均呈角形,侧尾叶后面观较宽,侧观观其端半部较长,后阳基侧突无毛等不同,中国新记录种为端栉植种蝇Botanophila guinlani(Ackland 1967),分布于云南省泸水片马;圆门植种蝇Botanophila rotundivalva(Ringdahl 1937),分布于陕西省留坝大洪渠,模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所。     

中国新(帻)属(襀翅目,(帻)科)一新种记述

记述采自台湾1新种,赛氏新(赜)Neoperla siveci sp.nov.,并讨论了其与近似种的区别.模式标本保存分别在中国农业大学昆虫博物馆和河南科技学院标本馆.赛氏新(帻),新种Neoperla siveci sp.nov.(图1～4)新种腹部第7背板隆突和第8背板的骨化突特征与邵氏新(赜)Neoperla sauteri Klapalek,1912非常近似.二者的主要区别在于:新种雄虫阳茎囊非常短,约为阳茎管的1/5,阳茎囊腹面刺较少,顶端略直;而邵氏新(赜)雄虫阳茎囊长度略短于阳茎管,阳茎管囊腹面刺较多,端部呈钩状.正模♂,台湾屏东石门村,2010-11-08,杨定采.副模1 ♂,同正模.词源:新种种名源自襀翅学家Ignac Sivce博士的姓氏.     

海南岛纺蚋亚属和蚋亚属二新种记述(双翅目,蚋科)

记述海南岛蚋属2新种。琼州纺蚋Simulium(Nev—ermannia) qiongzhouense sp．nov．和天池蚋Simulium(Simulium) tianchi sp．nov．。琼州纺蚋与其近缘种的主要区别是生殖腹板后缘具明显的中突和中骨骨化部末端分叉;天池蚋的主要特征是蛹鳃器基部具坑状器,与其近缘种的主要区别是雌虫足的颜色,雄虫生殖腹板和中骨的形状,蛹腹节7～9背板具栉刺列和幼虫肛鳃每叶分5个副叶。     

青海省原金蝗属一新种(直翅目,斑腿蝗科)

记述采白青海省昂欠县原金蝗属l新种,昂欠原金蝗Eokingdonella angqianensis sp.nov.,新种近似于龙胆原金蝗Eokingdonella gentiana(Uvarov,1939),其主要区别为:1)雄性腹部末端背板小尾片极小,三角形;2)雄性肛上板狭长.顶狭圆;3)雄性尾须不到达肛上板顶端;4)后足股节下侧基2/3红色.端1/3黑色.模式标本保存于青海师范大学生命与地理科学学院动物标本窜.     

云南蝗虫一新属新种：直翅目：斑腿蝗科

本文记述采自云南省瑞丽地区蝗虫新属龙川蝗属Longchuanacris gen.nov.及新种巨尾片龙川蝗 L.macrofurculus sp.nov.该新属近似于 Pseudogerunda Bey-Bienko.主要区别为前胸背板侧片后缘极凹入;前翅到达第一腹节背板的后缘;后足股节下膝侧片顶刺状:后足附节第3节长度为第1、2节长度之和;雄性腹部末节背板具尾片。     

中国瘤(虫责)属一新种记述(襀翅目:(虫责)科)

记述采自中国陕西佛龙的瘤(虫责)属Tyloperla 1新种:双凹瘤(虫责)Tyloperla bihypodroma Du, sp. nov.,该种与尖突瘤(虫责)Tyloperla attenuata很相近,但前者第8背板近后缘形成1个隆起脊、其中部有1凹陷,后者则在背板中部形成1近圆形的隆起、其上的锥状感觉器比前者多;前者第9背板中央微凹、其前缘骨化明显、极小的锥状感觉器稀少,后者中部有1丛明显的锥状感觉器;前者翅透明,后者翅微烟褐色.新种的模式标本保存在扬州大学昆虫标本馆.     

橡胶树橡胶生物合成调控相关基因表达丰度比较

蛋白质是构成生命系统的基本元件之一,是大部分生物学功能的执行者。蛋白质丰度与其生物学功能息息相关,其丰度受基因表达过程中各环节严格精密的调控。其中,蛋白质丰度与其相应mRNA丰度存在较强的相关性,蛋白质丰度差异的40%可由mRNA丰度来解释。茉莉酸信号途径调节巴西橡胶树中的天然橡胶生物合成,但相关基因彼此间的表达丰度差异尚待阐明。该文比较了S/2D d3割胶制度下,15个橡胶生物合成调控相关基因COI1、JAZ1、JAZ2、JAZ3、MYC1、MYC2、MYC3、MYC4、MYC5、GAPDH、HMGR1、SRPP、REF、HRT1、HRT2以及2个常用内参基因18S、ACTIN1在10个橡胶树种质胶乳中的表达丰度差异;将ACTIN1的表达丰度设定为1,以此为标准计算出样品中其他基因的表达丰度。结果表明:相同个体中不同基因的转录丰度差异明显,不同个体中相同基因集的丰度大小排序存在一定差异;同一基因在不同个体中的转录丰度差异明显,这16个基因的最大丰度分别是最低丰度的9.43、6.04、10.02、12.29、18.82、9.22、38.46、112.83、121.36、15.34、19.09、13.54、10.05、19.80、24.83、11.82倍,他们的变异系数分别为73.05%、55.19%、69.09%、67.37%、66.59%、53.87%、83.25%、122.02%、166.34%、59.89%、70.59%、75.67%、74.20%、68.34%、84.23%、78.59%;总的来说,在群体水平上,16个基因的转录丰度从高到低依次为18S SRPPHMGR1REFMYC2/HRT1COI1MYC1/MYC4GAPDH/JAZ1/MYC5JAZ2HRT2/MYC3/JAZ3,他们的群体平均丰度依次为ACTIN1的28 382.26、43.64、11.39、7.16、5.47、5.10、1.07、0.75、0.74、0.45、0.42、0.33、0.12、0.06、0.06、0.04倍。值得注意的是,无论在个体水平还是群体水平上,18S的丰度毫无疑问是最大的,在mRNA中,SRPP的丰度最大,JAZ1大于JAZ2和JAZ3,MYC2大于MYC1、MYC3、MYC4、MYC5,HRT1大于HRT2。综上结果表明,结构基因和功能基因的丰度高于调控基因。在基因相对表达分析中,常对目的基因和内参基因作均一化处理,从而掩盖了不同基因间的真实丰度差异,因此,在基因表达分析中,既要关注基因的相对表达量,也要关注基因间的丰度差异,这有助于更全面地理解基因的功能。     

Socioeconomic Value and Growth of Naturalized <Emphasis Type="Italic">Musa balbisiana</Emphasis> L. A. Colla Leaves in Honduras

Socioeconomic Value and Growth of Naturalized Musa balbisiana L. A. Colla Leaves in Honduras. Musa balbisiana (Musaceae) is a seed–producing diploid banana indigenous to Southeast Asia. After it was introduced to Honduras it became naturalized in nearby second–growth areas of the north coast. Local residents were quick to recognize the socioeconomic value of these wild banana leaves as a wrap for traditional nacatamales. To estimate the monetary value and to provide preliminary data on sustainable harvest of these leaves, interviews and field research were undertaken in 2009. From July to September of that year, each of 38 harvesters averaged a weekly sale of 4,400 cut, de–veined, and blanched M. balbisiana leaves. This weekly harvest sold for Lempiras (Lps.) 550.00 or ca. U.S. 30.00 to truckers, who transported them to major markets. The number of leaves produced in three months was estimated by two techniques: 1) The traditional cut of the entire pseudostem and 2) a careful cut to only remove useful leaves. The number of useful leaves cut at the onset of the study and three months later was 11 and 13 for techniques 1 and 2, respectively. This difference was not significant, but the more careful method did yield significantly wider, longer, and a greater number of total leaves (useful plus immature). This is the first field study to estimate leaf production by naturalized < i > M. balbisiana < /i > plants in Honduras. All leaves are currently harvested from wild populations and no sustainable management plans exist. The socioeconomic value and cultural use of < i > M. balbisiana < /i > leaves in Honduras is an example of an exotic species that has important socioeconomic benefits. This naturalized < i > Musa < /i > appearsM. balbisiana plants in Honduras. All leaves are currently harvested from wild populations and no sustainable management plans exist. The socioeconomic value and cultural use of M. balbisiana leaves in Honduras is an example of an exotic species that has important socioeconomic benefits. This naturalized Musa appears to have few of the negative impacts typically attributed to exotic plants.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">α</Emphasis>-Amylase inhibitor-1 gene from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phaseolus vulgaris</Emphasis> expressed in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Coffea arabica</Emphasis>plants inhibits α-amylases from the coffee berry borer pest

Background  

Coffee is an important crop and is crucial to the economy of many developing countries, generating around US70 billion per year. There are 115 species in the < i > Coffea < /i > genus, but only two, < i > C. arabica < /i > and < i > C. canephora < /i > , are commercially cultivated. Coffee plants are attacked by many pathogens and insect-pests, which affect not only the production of coffee but also its grain quality, reducing the commercial value of the product. The main insect-pest, the coffee berry borer ( < i > Hypotheneumus hampei < /i > ), is responsible for worldwide annual losses of around US70 billion per year. There are 115 species in the Coffea genus, but only two, C. arabica and C. canephora, are commercially cultivated. Coffee plants are attacked by many pathogens and insect-pests, which affect not only the production of coffee but also its grain quality, reducing the commercial value of the product. The main insect-pest, the coffee berry borer (Hypotheneumus hampei), is responsible for worldwide annual losses of around US500 million. The coffee berry borer exclusively damages the coffee berries, and it is mainly controlled by organochlorine insecticides that are both toxic and carcinogenic. Unfortunately, natural resistance in the genus Coffea to H. hampei has not been documented. To overcome these problems, biotechnological strategies can be used to introduce an α-amylase inhibitor gene (α-AI1), which confers resistance against the coffee berry borer insect-pest, into C. arabica plants.     

Bau und Entwicklung des Atmungssystems der Honigbiene (Apis mellifica L.)

Ohne ZusammenfassungErklärung der Abkürzungen in den Abbildungen A Sekundäranastomos im Thorax - al Trachea alarum - AL Oberlippen-Antennen-Luftsack-trachee - ana Analschlinge der Längsstäm me - ant Antennentrachee - Ant Antenne - apa Apicalschlinge der Ldngsstämme - Atr Atrium - b larvale Kopftrachee - Bm Bauchmark - BTr Basaltracheole - c larvale Kopftrachee - ci T. cephalica inferior - CLL Clypeusluftsack - COL Gehirn-Augenluftsack - cs T. cephalica superior - cu Cubitaltrachee - cvi T. cephalica visceralis - d T. dorsalis - de T. dorsalis exterior - dea T. dorsalis exterior anterior - dep T. dorsalis exterior posterior - di T. dorsalis interior - Dk Darmkanal - DML Doisalmuskelluftsack - DrK Drüsenkern - ds T. dorsalis superior - e larvale Kopftrachee - Ex Exuvie - Exf Exuvialflüssigkeit - EzK Endzellkern - f larvale Beintrachee - FRL Stirnluftsack - G Gehirn - Go Gonaden - J Intima - JBe Imaginalanlage der Beine - JFl Imaginalanlage der Flügel - iT inverse Trachee - k nymphale Kopftrachee - K Tracheenknotenpunkt im Kopf der Imago - K, K Tracheenknotenpunkte im Kopf der Nymphe - K Kern - l T. longitudinalis - lb Unterlippentrachee - Lb Unterlippe - lbr Oberlippentrachee - Lbr Oberlippe - lbt Unterlippentastertrachee - Lbt Unterlippentaster - LTL Lateralthoraxluftsack - M Membran - Ma Matrix - md Mandibeltrachee - Md Mandibel - MDa Mitteldarm - MdD Mandibeldrüse - me Medialtrachee - Me Öffnungsmuskel - Mg Malpighigefäße - Mo Schließmuskel - MPL Metapleuralluftsack - mx Maxillartrachee - Mx Maxille - MX Maxillarluftsack - N Nerv - o Augentrachee - oa vordere Augentrachee - oc Ocellartrachee - OCL Ocellarluftsack - Oe Oesophagus - oi untere Augentrachee - op hintere Augentrachee - Pa Porta atrii - PH Pharynx-Luftsack - Ps Pericardialsinus - r Analtrachee - R Rückengefäß - ra Radialtrachee - Re Rectum - RPa Rectalpapille - s T. stigmatis - Sg Unterschlundganglion - SGL Unterschlundganglienluftsack - SLL Lateral-Scutellarluftsack - SML Median-Scutellarluftsack - SOL Supraoesophagalluftsack - SpD Spinndrüse - SPL Scutellar-Propodealluftsack - St Stigma - Stm Stigmenmund - t Analtrachee - T Trachea - TGa Tracheengang - Tr Tracheole - TrB Tracheolenbündel - TrW Tracheolenwand - u Analtrachee - v T. ventralis - V Vakuole - va T. ventralis anterior - vaa T. ventralis anterior anastomotica - vap T. ventralis anterior pedalis - ve T. ventralis exterior - vel T. ventralis exterior lateralis - vep T. ventralis exterior proximalis - vi T. visceralis - vp T. ventralis posterior - vpa T. ventralis posterior anastomotica - vpl T. ventralis posterior longitudinalis - vpp T. ventralis posterior pedalis - w Analtrachee - Wa Wange Dissertation der Philosophischen Fakultät der Universität Marburg a. L.     

Afrotropical Polypedilum subgenus Tripodura, with a review of the subgenus (Diptera: Chironomidae)

Vårdal, H., Bjørlo, A. & Sæther, O. A. (2002). Afrotropical Polypedilum subgenus Tripodura, with a review of the subgenus (Diptera: Chironomidae). —Zoologica Scripta, 31, 331–402. A subgeneric diagnosis for all stages of the subgenus Tripodura Townes, 1 945 of the genus Polypedilum Kieffer, 1 912 is given. Nine new Afrotropical species of Tripodura are described: P.(T.)chelum Vårdal sp. n., P.(T.)amplificatus Bjørlo sp. n., P.(T.)patulum Bjørlo sp. n., P.(T.)spinalveum Vårdal sp. n., P.(T.)ewei Bjørlo sp. n., P.(T.)ogoouense Bjørlo sp. n., P.(T.)akani Bjørlo sp. n., P.(T.)dagombae Bjørlo sp. n., and P.(T.)amputatum Bjørlo sp. n.; all as male imagines only. P.(T.)alboguttatum Kieffer, P.(T.)albosignatum Kieffer, P.(T.)tropicum Kieffer, P.(T.)pruina Freeman, P.(T.)quinqueguttatum Kieffer, P.(T.) aegyptium Kieffer, P.(T.) tridens Freeman, P.(T.)allansoni Freeman, P.(T.)longicrus Kieffer, P.(T.)annulatipes Kieffer and P.(T.)abyssiniae Kieffer are re‐described as male and female imagines, while P.(T.)majiis Lehmann, P.(T.)subovatum Freeman, P.(T.)griseoguttatum Kieffer, P.(T.)aferum Lehmann and P.(T.)kijabense Freeman are re‐described as male imagines only. Keys to the male and the known female imagines of the 30 Afrotropical species in the subgenus are presented. A phylogenetic analysis based on all available information on Tripodura from all over the world (135 species) is presented and discussed. The monophyly of the subgenus Tripodura is confirmed. The subgenus can be divided into 20 groups with the acifer group forming the sister group of two larger assemblages of groups in the order acifer (titicacae (ginzansecundum ((aferum (ewei (malickianum (floridense (halterale, pullum)))))) (subovatum (labeculosum ((parascalaenum (allansoni (apfelbecki (udominatum, parvum))))) ((((alboguttatum, aegyptium) quinqueguttatum) annulatipes)). Only in the titicacae, halterale, pullum and apfelbecki groups are the larvae of more than one species described, while one larva is known in each of the subovatum, parascalaenum, aegyptium and quinqueguttatum groups. Three or more pupae are known only from the halterale, pullum, apfelbecki and aegyptium groups. Thus, the tentative nature of the group divisions is obvious. Geographical co‐evolutionary analyses (Brooks parsimony analyses) of the subgenus as a whole and of the major groups are performed and the areas most likely to be part of the original areas estimated. Most probably, eastern South America and Africa were part of the ancestral area. There are multiple sister‐group relationships and generalized tracks between South and East Asia and Africa, between Africa and the Palaearctic region, between South and East Asia, between tropical Brazil and Africa, between East Asia and North America across a former Beringian land bridge, and between the Indo‐West Pacific region and New Zealand, but no evidence for transantarctic relationships.     

Die facettenaugen der landwanzen und zikaden

Ohne ZusammenfassungBuchstabenerklärungen zu den Abbildungen bm Basalmembran - bz Blutzelle - c Cornea - ChI I. Chiasma - ChII II. Chiasma - ChIII III. Chiasama - cu Cuticula - GI peripheres oder I. Opticusganglion - GII II. Opticusganglion - gzk Ganglienzellkern - hy Hypodermis - KK Krystallkegel - KKz Krystallkegelzelle - KKzk Kern der Krystallkegelzelle - Kz Krystallzelle (Sempersche Zelle im aconen Auge) - Kzk Krystallzellkern - MI I. Medullarmasse - MII II. Medullarmasse - MIII III. Medullarmasse - nb Nervenbündel - nf Nervenfasser - Om Ommatidium - Pl Pigmentleisten - Pz Hauptpigmentzelle - Pzk Hauptpigmentzellkern - pz Nebenpigmentzelle - pzk Kern der Nebenpigmentzelle - rh Rhabdomer - Rh Rhabdom - rpz Retinapigmentzelle - rpzk Kern der Retinapigmentzelle - ret Retinula - Sm Schaltmembran - sph Sphärosom - Sst Schaltstück - sz (1-8) 1.-8. Schzelle - szk (1-8) 1.-8. Schzellkern - szp Pigment der Sehzelle - tra Trachee     

Turbellaria Proseriata von der Pazifikküste der USA (Washington) I. Otoplanidae

The family Otoplanidae is represented by 8 species in the San Juan Archipel of the North American Pacific Coast. 6 new species and 1 new subspecies are described; 3 new genera are nominated. The female genital systems of Americanaplana nov. gen. and Pluribursaeplana nov. gen. deliver new elements for the morphology of the Turbellaria.

---

Abkürzungen in den Abbildungen ag Atrium genitale bs Bursa - bsb Bursablase bss Bursasack - c Gehirn - co Kopulationsorgan - dqi Ductus genito-intestinalis - do dorsale Nadelgruppe - dsp Ductus spermaticus - eg extrakapsuläre Ganglien - fs feinkörniges Sekret - fsp Fremdsperma - ge Germar - gö Geschlechtsöffnung - gvc unpaarer Endabschnitt der Germo vitellodukte - gvd Germovitellodukt - hd Hautdrüse - hf Haftfeld - hn Hakennadeln - hp Haftpapille - hs homogenes Sekret - i Darm - is Kopfdarm - iv Darmvakuolen - kd Kittdrüsen - kr Kriechsohle - ks Kornsekret - ksd Kornsekretdrüsen - l Längsmuskeln - mb Muskelband - mfo Mündungsgrube des Frontalorgans - mgk männlicher Geschlechtskanal - mh Matrixgewebe für Hakennadeln - nv Ventralnerv - pap Parenchympolster - ph Pharynx - pht Pharynxtasche - qlm quergestreifte Längsmuskeln - rag rostrale Atrialausstülpung - rh Rhabditen - rm Ringmuskeln - sch schulpförmiger Zentralteil der Stilettapparatur - sd Schalendrüsen - sk Sehkolben - sm Sarkoplasma - sp Spermium - st Stilettapparatur - sta Statocyste - to Hoden - tr Trichterrohr - va Vagina - vd Vas deferens - vg Vesicula granulorum - vhp ventrale Haftpapillenreihe - vi Vitellar - vn ventrale Nadelgruppe - vp Vaginalporus - vs Vesicula seminalis - vva Vereinigung der paarigen Vaginen     

Die postembryonale entwicklung der aleurodinen (Hemi ptera-homoptera). Ein beitrag zur kenntnis der metamorphosen der insekten

Ohne ZusammenfassungErklärung der Abkürzungen in den Abbildungen A After - Cl Clypeus - AA Afterapparat - Cru Crumena - ACl Anteelypeus - Cx Hüfte - ADr Anhangsdrüse des männlichen Geschlechtsapparats - degDr degenerierte Drüse - dorsWB dorsale Wachsborstenbildner - Ant Antenne - DP Dorsalpori - Ar Arohum - dvm Dorsoventralmuskel - Au Komplexauge - epi epipharyngeales Sinnesorgan - B Bein - Fa Eingang zu Hö ₃ - BM thorako-abdominale Ganglienmasse - F _1,2 Falten, s. Text - Fe Femur - BuccGg Buccalganglion - FK Filterkammer - CerGg Cerebralganglion - Fl Flügel - FlA Flügelanlage - Op Operculum - FTr Fetttröpfchen - Ov Ovar - GA Anlage der ektodermalen Teile des Geschlechtsapparats - Ovid Ovidukt - Par Paramere - Go p paarige Gonapophyse - PB Palisadenbildner - Go u unpaare Gonapophyse - PCl Postclypeus - H ₁, H2 Artikulationshebel der Stechborsten - Pe Penis - Ph Pharynx - H Herz - Poh hintere - HD Hinterdarm - Pol laterale Randpolster - HFl Hinterflügel - Pov vordere - Ho Hoden - Pia Prätarsus - Hö _{1, 2, 3} vordere, mittlere, hintere Bildungshöhle - R Rectum - Rec Receptaculum seminis - HöFl Bildungshöhlen der Flügel - Ret retortenförmige Organe - HSch Haftscheibe - RWB Randwachsborstenbildner - KDr Kittdrüse - Sa1, 2, 3 Epithelsäcke, die weiter eingezogen werden - Kr Kralle - IA Larvenauge - SGg Subösophagalganglion - Lb Stechborstenscheide, Labium - SpDr _{1, 2} Speicheldrüsenlappen - Ling Lingula - SP Samenpumpe - L. mand., L. max. Lamina mandibularis, maxillaris - SPP Speichelpumpe - StB Stechborstenbündel - L. opt. L., L. opt. J. larvaler bzw. imaginaler Lobus opticus - Stg Stigma - Ta Tarsus - Ti Tibia - m Muskel - Tth, q Tentoriumarme - Md mandibulare Stechborste - Vag Vagina - m. dil. Dilatator der Mundpumpe - V. d. Vas deferens - MD Mitteldarm - VFl Vorderflügel - m. tent. Musc. tentorii - vlm ventraler Längsmuskel - MG Malpighi-Gefäß - Wl Epithelwand, s. Text - Mx maxillare Stechborste - Wu Wulst, s. Text - Myc Mycetom - Oc Ocellus - Oen Oenocyten - Ös Ösophagus - OLN Oberlippennerv     

Effect of mutations affecting coat color on the blood lymphocyte structure in the american mink (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Mustela vison</Emphasis> Schreber, 1777)

American minks with different genotypes containing the Aleutian coat color allele in the homozygous state, including the single recessive Aleutian (a/a); double recessive sapphire (a/a p/p) and lavender (m/m a/a); triple recessive violet (m/m a/a p/p); and dominant-recessive cross sapphire (S/+ a/a p/p), sapphire leopard (S ^K /+ a/a p/p), and shadow sapphire (S ^H /+ a/a p/p) minks, as well as American minks without the Aleutian allele, including the standard (+/+); single recessive silver-blue (p/p) and hedlund-white (h/h); double recessive pearl (k/k p/p), Finnish topaz (t ^S /t ^S b/b); incompletely dominant royal silver (S ^R /+), standard leopard (S ^K /+), and black crystal (C _R /+); and dominant-recessive snowy topaz (C _R /+ t ^S /t ^S b/b) and Kujtezhyspotted (S ^K /+ b/b) minks have been studied. Homozygosity for the a allele has been found to disturb the subcellular structure of leukocyte, namely the formation of abnormally large granules.