中国杂草上生活的吉野蓟马属一新种及蓟马亚科一新纪录属(英文)

报道了吉野蓟马属Yoshinothrips Kud,1985(蓟马科,蓟马亚科)在中国的1新种,天目山吉野蓟马Y.tianmushanensis Mirab-balou et Chen,sp.nov.,并编制了该属分种检索表。该种生活于杂草上。此外,还记述了蓟马亚科中国1新纪录属,伪蓟马属Pseudoxythrips Priesner,1940及中国1新纪录种,齿伪蓟马Pseudoxythrips dentatus(Knechtel,1923)。     

龟纹瓢虫成虫对3种害虫的捕食作用

为明确天敌昆虫龟纹瓢虫Propylea japonica对3种害虫莲缢管蚜Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae、紫薇长斑蚜Sarucallis kahawaluokalani和红带滑胸针蓟马Selenothrips rubrocinctus的捕食效应,分别在室内测定了龟纹瓢虫成虫对莲缢管蚜3~4龄若蚜、紫薇长斑蚜3~4龄若蚜和红带滑胸针蓟马2~3龄若虫的捕食作用。结果表明：龟纹瓢虫成虫对3种害虫的捕食效果可用Holling-Ⅱ模型进行拟合,对红带滑胸针蓟马2~3龄若虫的捕食能力最强,为192.14,对莲缢管蚜的捕食能力最弱,为91.12。龟纹瓢虫成虫对莲缢管蚜、紫薇长斑蚜和红带滑胸针蓟马的寻找效应呈线性相关,猎物密度越大寻找效应越低。龟纹瓢虫成虫对3种害虫的最佳搜寻密度分别为48.35、23.48和36.48头。由此可知,龟纹瓢虫对莲缢管蚜、紫薇长斑蚜和红带滑胸针蓟马具有一定的控害作用。     

中国巢针蓟马属分类记述(缨翅目,蓟马科)

对中国巢针蓟马属Caliothrips Daniel进行了分类记述,描述了1个中国新纪录种——海岛巢针蓟马Caliothrips insularis(Hood)。文中提供了该属属征及种检索表、地理分布及生物学;新纪录种的形态描述、寄主植物、分布、形态特征图和形态照片。研究标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所国家动物博物馆。     

海南岛芒果蓟马种类调查研究

芒果是海南仅次于香蕉的重要热带水果。近年来,由于农药的滥用,蓟马已从过去的次要害虫上升为主要害虫。蓟马以若虫、成虫锉吸为害芒果花、叶、芽、幼果,严重影响芒果生长和果实质量。研究调查了海南岛儋州,昌江等7个主要芒果种植区,共采集蓟马成虫标本1241头。经鉴定,得出害虫种类9种,即茶黄硬蓟马Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood、黄胸蓟马Thrips hawaiiensis(Morgan)、褐蓟马Thrips physapus Linnaeus、威岛蓟马Stenchaetothrips victoriensis(Moulton)、红带滑胸针蓟马Selenothrips rubrocinctus(Giard)、温室蓟马Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis(Bouché)、腹突皱针蓟马Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus Hood、丽色皱针蓟马Rhipiphorothrips pulchellus Morgan和华简管蓟马Haplothrips chinensis Priesner:天敌1种,即横纹蓟马Aeolothrips fasciatus(Linnaeus)。茶黄硬蓟马是芒果蓟马的优势种,在调查的所有种植地均有分布,占所采集鉴定蓟马总数的75.51%。     

中国蓟马亚科二新纪录属及无翅蓟马属的修订(缨翅目,蓟马科,蓟马亚科)

记述了Limothrips denticornis(Haliday),1836,Apterothrips secticornis( Tryborn),1896,和Apterothrips apteris (Daniel),1904中国3新纪录种,同时也代表着刺鬃蓟马属Limothrips Haliday,1836和无翅蓟马属 Apterothrips Bagnall,1908在我国的首次记录,提供了新纪录种的形态描述,特征图和无翅蓟马属的分类检索表,并对无翅蓟马属进行了修订.     

中国大陆一新纪录种——美洲棘脊蓟马(缨翅目,蓟马科)及其分布和寄主植物

报道中国大陆1新纪录种,美洲棘脊蓟马Echinothrips americanus Morgan,1913(缨翅目,蓟马科,蓟马亚科),这也是棘蓟马属Echinothrips Moulton,1911在中国大陆的首次纪录.目前该种仅在我国北京海淀区的辣椒上发现.棘蓟马属以头、前胸背板和后胸背板具网状刻纹与针蓟马亚科Panchaetothripinae特征十分相近,但以发达的中胸内叉骨刺与之相区别.美洲棘蓟马系检疫性害虫,本文列出了它的世界分布和寄主植物种类.实证标本保存在浙江大学昆虫科学研究所.     

红带滑胸针蓟马为害荔枝的观察和防治

<正> 红带滑胸针蓟马Selenothrips rubroci-nctus(Giard)是本县荔枝的主要害虫之一,有些荔枝树的新梢、嫩叶被害率达100％。除为害荔枝外,这种蓟马在本县还为害龙眼、油桐、乌桕、沙梨、柿、杧果等树木。1985年和1986年作者对其生活史和生活习性进行了调查观察,并作了一些防治试验。现将结果报告如下。     

广西省植食性蓟马种类及花蓟马属一中国新记录种记述

对广西省所有地市的30多个县植食性蓟马种类及其分布进行了调查。调查结果表明:花蓟马Frankliniella intonsa Trybom、华简管蓟马Haplothrips chinensis Priesner、棕榈蓟马Thrips palmi Karny、黄胸蓟马Thrips hawaiiensis Morgan的分布最广且数量也最丰富,是广西省最为常见的蓟马种类。调查中发现花蓟马属Frankliniella Karny的1个国内新纪录种:梳缺花蓟马Frankliniella schultzei Trybom。编制了广西省常见植食性蓟马成虫种类检索表,为从事广西省蓟马种类研究者提供参考。     

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GRASS-LIVING SPECIES OF ROSHINOTHRIPS KUD(O), AND A NEWLY RECORDED GENUS OF THRIPINAE IN CHINA ( THYSANOPTERA, THRIPIDAE)

报道了吉野蓟马属roshinothrips Kud(6),1985(蓟马科,蓟马亚科)在中国的1新种,天目山吉野蓟马γ.tianmushanensis Mirab-balou et Chen.sp.nov.,并编制了该属分种检索表.该种生活于杂草上.此外,还记述了蓟马亚科中国1新纪录属,伪蓟马属Pseudoxythrips Priesner,1940及中国1新纪录种,齿伪蓟马 Pseudoxythrips dentatus( Knechtel,1923).     

中国领针蓟马属的分类研究(缨翅目,蓟马科)

研究了中国领针蓟马属13种,其中包括1新种-神农架领针蓟马Helionothrips shenongjiaensis sp.nov.和2中国新纪录种,微领针蓟马Helionothrips parvus Bhatti,1968和朴领针蓟马Helionothrips ponkikiri Kudo,1992,编制了中国领针蓟马属分种检索表.模式标本保存于西北农林科技大学昆虫博物馆(NWSUAF).     

橡胶树橡胶生物合成调控相关基因表达丰度比较

蛋白质是构成生命系统的基本元件之一,是大部分生物学功能的执行者。蛋白质丰度与其生物学功能息息相关,其丰度受基因表达过程中各环节严格精密的调控。其中,蛋白质丰度与其相应mRNA丰度存在较强的相关性,蛋白质丰度差异的40%可由mRNA丰度来解释。茉莉酸信号途径调节巴西橡胶树中的天然橡胶生物合成,但相关基因彼此间的表达丰度差异尚待阐明。该文比较了S/2D d3割胶制度下,15个橡胶生物合成调控相关基因COI1、JAZ1、JAZ2、JAZ3、MYC1、MYC2、MYC3、MYC4、MYC5、GAPDH、HMGR1、SRPP、REF、HRT1、HRT2以及2个常用内参基因18S、ACTIN1在10个橡胶树种质胶乳中的表达丰度差异;将ACTIN1的表达丰度设定为1,以此为标准计算出样品中其他基因的表达丰度。结果表明:相同个体中不同基因的转录丰度差异明显,不同个体中相同基因集的丰度大小排序存在一定差异;同一基因在不同个体中的转录丰度差异明显,这16个基因的最大丰度分别是最低丰度的9.43、6.04、10.02、12.29、18.82、9.22、38.46、112.83、121.36、15.34、19.09、13.54、10.05、19.80、24.83、11.82倍,他们的变异系数分别为73.05%、55.19%、69.09%、67.37%、66.59%、53.87%、83.25%、122.02%、166.34%、59.89%、70.59%、75.67%、74.20%、68.34%、84.23%、78.59%;总的来说,在群体水平上,16个基因的转录丰度从高到低依次为18S SRPPHMGR1REFMYC2/HRT1COI1MYC1/MYC4GAPDH/JAZ1/MYC5JAZ2HRT2/MYC3/JAZ3,他们的群体平均丰度依次为ACTIN1的28 382.26、43.64、11.39、7.16、5.47、5.10、1.07、0.75、0.74、0.45、0.42、0.33、0.12、0.06、0.06、0.04倍。值得注意的是,无论在个体水平还是群体水平上,18S的丰度毫无疑问是最大的,在mRNA中,SRPP的丰度最大,JAZ1大于JAZ2和JAZ3,MYC2大于MYC1、MYC3、MYC4、MYC5,HRT1大于HRT2。综上结果表明,结构基因和功能基因的丰度高于调控基因。在基因相对表达分析中,常对目的基因和内参基因作均一化处理,从而掩盖了不同基因间的真实丰度差异,因此,在基因表达分析中,既要关注基因的相对表达量,也要关注基因间的丰度差异,这有助于更全面地理解基因的功能。     

Socioeconomic Value and Growth of Naturalized <Emphasis Type="Italic">Musa balbisiana</Emphasis> L. A. Colla Leaves in Honduras

Socioeconomic Value and Growth of Naturalized Musa balbisiana L. A. Colla Leaves in Honduras. Musa balbisiana (Musaceae) is a seed–producing diploid banana indigenous to Southeast Asia. After it was introduced to Honduras it became naturalized in nearby second–growth areas of the north coast. Local residents were quick to recognize the socioeconomic value of these wild banana leaves as a wrap for traditional nacatamales. To estimate the monetary value and to provide preliminary data on sustainable harvest of these leaves, interviews and field research were undertaken in 2009. From July to September of that year, each of 38 harvesters averaged a weekly sale of 4,400 cut, de–veined, and blanched M. balbisiana leaves. This weekly harvest sold for Lempiras (Lps.) 550.00 or ca. U.S. 30.00 to truckers, who transported them to major markets. The number of leaves produced in three months was estimated by two techniques: 1) The traditional cut of the entire pseudostem and 2) a careful cut to only remove useful leaves. The number of useful leaves cut at the onset of the study and three months later was 11 and 13 for techniques 1 and 2, respectively. This difference was not significant, but the more careful method did yield significantly wider, longer, and a greater number of total leaves (useful plus immature). This is the first field study to estimate leaf production by naturalized < i > M. balbisiana < /i > plants in Honduras. All leaves are currently harvested from wild populations and no sustainable management plans exist. The socioeconomic value and cultural use of < i > M. balbisiana < /i > leaves in Honduras is an example of an exotic species that has important socioeconomic benefits. This naturalized < i > Musa < /i > appearsM. balbisiana plants in Honduras. All leaves are currently harvested from wild populations and no sustainable management plans exist. The socioeconomic value and cultural use of M. balbisiana leaves in Honduras is an example of an exotic species that has important socioeconomic benefits. This naturalized Musa appears to have few of the negative impacts typically attributed to exotic plants.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">α</Emphasis>-Amylase inhibitor-1 gene from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phaseolus vulgaris</Emphasis> expressed in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Coffea arabica</Emphasis>plants inhibits α-amylases from the coffee berry borer pest

Background  

Coffee is an important crop and is crucial to the economy of many developing countries, generating around US70 billion per year. There are 115 species in the < i > Coffea < /i > genus, but only two, < i > C. arabica < /i > and < i > C. canephora < /i > , are commercially cultivated. Coffee plants are attacked by many pathogens and insect-pests, which affect not only the production of coffee but also its grain quality, reducing the commercial value of the product. The main insect-pest, the coffee berry borer ( < i > Hypotheneumus hampei < /i > ), is responsible for worldwide annual losses of around US70 billion per year. There are 115 species in the Coffea genus, but only two, C. arabica and C. canephora, are commercially cultivated. Coffee plants are attacked by many pathogens and insect-pests, which affect not only the production of coffee but also its grain quality, reducing the commercial value of the product. The main insect-pest, the coffee berry borer (Hypotheneumus hampei), is responsible for worldwide annual losses of around US500 million. The coffee berry borer exclusively damages the coffee berries, and it is mainly controlled by organochlorine insecticides that are both toxic and carcinogenic. Unfortunately, natural resistance in the genus Coffea to H. hampei has not been documented. To overcome these problems, biotechnological strategies can be used to introduce an α-amylase inhibitor gene (α-AI1), which confers resistance against the coffee berry borer insect-pest, into C. arabica plants.     

Bau und Entwicklung des Atmungssystems der Honigbiene (Apis mellifica L.)

Ohne ZusammenfassungErklärung der Abkürzungen in den Abbildungen A Sekundäranastomos im Thorax - al Trachea alarum - AL Oberlippen-Antennen-Luftsack-trachee - ana Analschlinge der Längsstäm me - ant Antennentrachee - Ant Antenne - apa Apicalschlinge der Ldngsstämme - Atr Atrium - b larvale Kopftrachee - Bm Bauchmark - BTr Basaltracheole - c larvale Kopftrachee - ci T. cephalica inferior - CLL Clypeusluftsack - COL Gehirn-Augenluftsack - cs T. cephalica superior - cu Cubitaltrachee - cvi T. cephalica visceralis - d T. dorsalis - de T. dorsalis exterior - dea T. dorsalis exterior anterior - dep T. dorsalis exterior posterior - di T. dorsalis interior - Dk Darmkanal - DML Doisalmuskelluftsack - DrK Drüsenkern - ds T. dorsalis superior - e larvale Kopftrachee - Ex Exuvie - Exf Exuvialflüssigkeit - EzK Endzellkern - f larvale Beintrachee - FRL Stirnluftsack - G Gehirn - Go Gonaden - J Intima - JBe Imaginalanlage der Beine - JFl Imaginalanlage der Flügel - iT inverse Trachee - k nymphale Kopftrachee - K Tracheenknotenpunkt im Kopf der Imago - K, K Tracheenknotenpunkte im Kopf der Nymphe - K Kern - l T. longitudinalis - lb Unterlippentrachee - Lb Unterlippe - lbr Oberlippentrachee - Lbr Oberlippe - lbt Unterlippentastertrachee - Lbt Unterlippentaster - LTL Lateralthoraxluftsack - M Membran - Ma Matrix - md Mandibeltrachee - Md Mandibel - MDa Mitteldarm - MdD Mandibeldrüse - me Medialtrachee - Me Öffnungsmuskel - Mg Malpighigefäße - Mo Schließmuskel - MPL Metapleuralluftsack - mx Maxillartrachee - Mx Maxille - MX Maxillarluftsack - N Nerv - o Augentrachee - oa vordere Augentrachee - oc Ocellartrachee - OCL Ocellarluftsack - Oe Oesophagus - oi untere Augentrachee - op hintere Augentrachee - Pa Porta atrii - PH Pharynx-Luftsack - Ps Pericardialsinus - r Analtrachee - R Rückengefäß - ra Radialtrachee - Re Rectum - RPa Rectalpapille - s T. stigmatis - Sg Unterschlundganglion - SGL Unterschlundganglienluftsack - SLL Lateral-Scutellarluftsack - SML Median-Scutellarluftsack - SOL Supraoesophagalluftsack - SpD Spinndrüse - SPL Scutellar-Propodealluftsack - St Stigma - Stm Stigmenmund - t Analtrachee - T Trachea - TGa Tracheengang - Tr Tracheole - TrB Tracheolenbündel - TrW Tracheolenwand - u Analtrachee - v T. ventralis - V Vakuole - va T. ventralis anterior - vaa T. ventralis anterior anastomotica - vap T. ventralis anterior pedalis - ve T. ventralis exterior - vel T. ventralis exterior lateralis - vep T. ventralis exterior proximalis - vi T. visceralis - vp T. ventralis posterior - vpa T. ventralis posterior anastomotica - vpl T. ventralis posterior longitudinalis - vpp T. ventralis posterior pedalis - w Analtrachee - Wa Wange Dissertation der Philosophischen Fakultät der Universität Marburg a. L.     

Afrotropical Polypedilum subgenus Tripodura, with a review of the subgenus (Diptera: Chironomidae)

Vårdal, H., Bjørlo, A. & Sæther, O. A. (2002). Afrotropical Polypedilum subgenus Tripodura, with a review of the subgenus (Diptera: Chironomidae). —Zoologica Scripta, 31, 331–402. A subgeneric diagnosis for all stages of the subgenus Tripodura Townes, 1 945 of the genus Polypedilum Kieffer, 1 912 is given. Nine new Afrotropical species of Tripodura are described: P.(T.)chelum Vårdal sp. n., P.(T.)amplificatus Bjørlo sp. n., P.(T.)patulum Bjørlo sp. n., P.(T.)spinalveum Vårdal sp. n., P.(T.)ewei Bjørlo sp. n., P.(T.)ogoouense Bjørlo sp. n., P.(T.)akani Bjørlo sp. n., P.(T.)dagombae Bjørlo sp. n., and P.(T.)amputatum Bjørlo sp. n.; all as male imagines only. P.(T.)alboguttatum Kieffer, P.(T.)albosignatum Kieffer, P.(T.)tropicum Kieffer, P.(T.)pruina Freeman, P.(T.)quinqueguttatum Kieffer, P.(T.) aegyptium Kieffer, P.(T.) tridens Freeman, P.(T.)allansoni Freeman, P.(T.)longicrus Kieffer, P.(T.)annulatipes Kieffer and P.(T.)abyssiniae Kieffer are re‐described as male and female imagines, while P.(T.)majiis Lehmann, P.(T.)subovatum Freeman, P.(T.)griseoguttatum Kieffer, P.(T.)aferum Lehmann and P.(T.)kijabense Freeman are re‐described as male imagines only. Keys to the male and the known female imagines of the 30 Afrotropical species in the subgenus are presented. A phylogenetic analysis based on all available information on Tripodura from all over the world (135 species) is presented and discussed. The monophyly of the subgenus Tripodura is confirmed. The subgenus can be divided into 20 groups with the acifer group forming the sister group of two larger assemblages of groups in the order acifer (titicacae (ginzansecundum ((aferum (ewei (malickianum (floridense (halterale, pullum)))))) (subovatum (labeculosum ((parascalaenum (allansoni (apfelbecki (udominatum, parvum))))) ((((alboguttatum, aegyptium) quinqueguttatum) annulatipes)). Only in the titicacae, halterale, pullum and apfelbecki groups are the larvae of more than one species described, while one larva is known in each of the subovatum, parascalaenum, aegyptium and quinqueguttatum groups. Three or more pupae are known only from the halterale, pullum, apfelbecki and aegyptium groups. Thus, the tentative nature of the group divisions is obvious. Geographical co‐evolutionary analyses (Brooks parsimony analyses) of the subgenus as a whole and of the major groups are performed and the areas most likely to be part of the original areas estimated. Most probably, eastern South America and Africa were part of the ancestral area. There are multiple sister‐group relationships and generalized tracks between South and East Asia and Africa, between Africa and the Palaearctic region, between South and East Asia, between tropical Brazil and Africa, between East Asia and North America across a former Beringian land bridge, and between the Indo‐West Pacific region and New Zealand, but no evidence for transantarctic relationships.     

Die facettenaugen der landwanzen und zikaden

Ohne ZusammenfassungBuchstabenerklärungen zu den Abbildungen bm Basalmembran - bz Blutzelle - c Cornea - ChI I. Chiasma - ChII II. Chiasma - ChIII III. Chiasama - cu Cuticula - GI peripheres oder I. Opticusganglion - GII II. Opticusganglion - gzk Ganglienzellkern - hy Hypodermis - KK Krystallkegel - KKz Krystallkegelzelle - KKzk Kern der Krystallkegelzelle - Kz Krystallzelle (Sempersche Zelle im aconen Auge) - Kzk Krystallzellkern - MI I. Medullarmasse - MII II. Medullarmasse - MIII III. Medullarmasse - nb Nervenbündel - nf Nervenfasser - Om Ommatidium - Pl Pigmentleisten - Pz Hauptpigmentzelle - Pzk Hauptpigmentzellkern - pz Nebenpigmentzelle - pzk Kern der Nebenpigmentzelle - rh Rhabdomer - Rh Rhabdom - rpz Retinapigmentzelle - rpzk Kern der Retinapigmentzelle - ret Retinula - Sm Schaltmembran - sph Sphärosom - Sst Schaltstück - sz (1-8) 1.-8. Schzelle - szk (1-8) 1.-8. Schzellkern - szp Pigment der Sehzelle - tra Trachee     

Turbellaria Proseriata von der Pazifikküste der USA (Washington) I. Otoplanidae

The family Otoplanidae is represented by 8 species in the San Juan Archipel of the North American Pacific Coast. 6 new species and 1 new subspecies are described; 3 new genera are nominated. The female genital systems of Americanaplana nov. gen. and Pluribursaeplana nov. gen. deliver new elements for the morphology of the Turbellaria.

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Abkürzungen in den Abbildungen ag Atrium genitale bs Bursa - bsb Bursablase bss Bursasack - c Gehirn - co Kopulationsorgan - dqi Ductus genito-intestinalis - do dorsale Nadelgruppe - dsp Ductus spermaticus - eg extrakapsuläre Ganglien - fs feinkörniges Sekret - fsp Fremdsperma - ge Germar - gö Geschlechtsöffnung - gvc unpaarer Endabschnitt der Germo vitellodukte - gvd Germovitellodukt - hd Hautdrüse - hf Haftfeld - hn Hakennadeln - hp Haftpapille - hs homogenes Sekret - i Darm - is Kopfdarm - iv Darmvakuolen - kd Kittdrüsen - kr Kriechsohle - ks Kornsekret - ksd Kornsekretdrüsen - l Längsmuskeln - mb Muskelband - mfo Mündungsgrube des Frontalorgans - mgk männlicher Geschlechtskanal - mh Matrixgewebe für Hakennadeln - nv Ventralnerv - pap Parenchympolster - ph Pharynx - pht Pharynxtasche - qlm quergestreifte Längsmuskeln - rag rostrale Atrialausstülpung - rh Rhabditen - rm Ringmuskeln - sch schulpförmiger Zentralteil der Stilettapparatur - sd Schalendrüsen - sk Sehkolben - sm Sarkoplasma - sp Spermium - st Stilettapparatur - sta Statocyste - to Hoden - tr Trichterrohr - va Vagina - vd Vas deferens - vg Vesicula granulorum - vhp ventrale Haftpapillenreihe - vi Vitellar - vn ventrale Nadelgruppe - vp Vaginalporus - vs Vesicula seminalis - vva Vereinigung der paarigen Vaginen     

Die postembryonale entwicklung der aleurodinen (Hemi ptera-homoptera). Ein beitrag zur kenntnis der metamorphosen der insekten

Ohne ZusammenfassungErklärung der Abkürzungen in den Abbildungen A After - Cl Clypeus - AA Afterapparat - Cru Crumena - ACl Anteelypeus - Cx Hüfte - ADr Anhangsdrüse des männlichen Geschlechtsapparats - degDr degenerierte Drüse - dorsWB dorsale Wachsborstenbildner - Ant Antenne - DP Dorsalpori - Ar Arohum - dvm Dorsoventralmuskel - Au Komplexauge - epi epipharyngeales Sinnesorgan - B Bein - Fa Eingang zu Hö ₃ - BM thorako-abdominale Ganglienmasse - F _1,2 Falten, s. Text - Fe Femur - BuccGg Buccalganglion - FK Filterkammer - CerGg Cerebralganglion - Fl Flügel - FlA Flügelanlage - Op Operculum - FTr Fetttröpfchen - Ov Ovar - GA Anlage der ektodermalen Teile des Geschlechtsapparats - Ovid Ovidukt - Par Paramere - Go p paarige Gonapophyse - PB Palisadenbildner - Go u unpaare Gonapophyse - PCl Postclypeus - H ₁, H2 Artikulationshebel der Stechborsten - Pe Penis - Ph Pharynx - H Herz - Poh hintere - HD Hinterdarm - Pol laterale Randpolster - HFl Hinterflügel - Pov vordere - Ho Hoden - Pia Prätarsus - Hö _{1, 2, 3} vordere, mittlere, hintere Bildungshöhle - R Rectum - Rec Receptaculum seminis - HöFl Bildungshöhlen der Flügel - Ret retortenförmige Organe - HSch Haftscheibe - RWB Randwachsborstenbildner - KDr Kittdrüse - Sa1, 2, 3 Epithelsäcke, die weiter eingezogen werden - Kr Kralle - IA Larvenauge - SGg Subösophagalganglion - Lb Stechborstenscheide, Labium - SpDr _{1, 2} Speicheldrüsenlappen - Ling Lingula - SP Samenpumpe - L. mand., L. max. Lamina mandibularis, maxillaris - SPP Speichelpumpe - StB Stechborstenbündel - L. opt. L., L. opt. J. larvaler bzw. imaginaler Lobus opticus - Stg Stigma - Ta Tarsus - Ti Tibia - m Muskel - Tth, q Tentoriumarme - Md mandibulare Stechborste - Vag Vagina - m. dil. Dilatator der Mundpumpe - V. d. Vas deferens - MD Mitteldarm - VFl Vorderflügel - m. tent. Musc. tentorii - vlm ventraler Längsmuskel - MG Malpighi-Gefäß - Wl Epithelwand, s. Text - Mx maxillare Stechborste - Wu Wulst, s. Text - Myc Mycetom - Oc Ocellus - Oen Oenocyten - Ös Ösophagus - OLN Oberlippennerv     

Effect of mutations affecting coat color on the blood lymphocyte structure in the american mink (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Mustela vison</Emphasis> Schreber, 1777)

American minks with different genotypes containing the Aleutian coat color allele in the homozygous state, including the single recessive Aleutian (a/a); double recessive sapphire (a/a p/p) and lavender (m/m a/a); triple recessive violet (m/m a/a p/p); and dominant-recessive cross sapphire (S/+ a/a p/p), sapphire leopard (S ^K /+ a/a p/p), and shadow sapphire (S ^H /+ a/a p/p) minks, as well as American minks without the Aleutian allele, including the standard (+/+); single recessive silver-blue (p/p) and hedlund-white (h/h); double recessive pearl (k/k p/p), Finnish topaz (t ^S /t ^S b/b); incompletely dominant royal silver (S ^R /+), standard leopard (S ^K /+), and black crystal (C _R /+); and dominant-recessive snowy topaz (C _R /+ t ^S /t ^S b/b) and Kujtezhyspotted (S ^K /+ b/b) minks have been studied. Homozygosity for the a allele has been found to disturb the subcellular structure of leukocyte, namely the formation of abnormally large granules.