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普通小麦——华山新麦草异附加系的选育及细胞遗传学研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
利用普通小麦与华山新麦草(2n=14,NN)杂交与回产产生的七倍体杂种(AABBDDN,2n=49)再与普通小麦回交,即产生单体附加(2n=43)当以七倍体作父本时,产生单体附加的频率(24.2%)高于七倍体母本的频率(12.28%)单体了会加自交产生二体附加的频率为7.19%,不同附加系的细胞学稳定性有差异,并随着逐代选择而有所提高。 相似文献
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利用荧光原位杂交和染色体C-分带技术对普通小麦-一华山新麦草的异代换系进行了研究。荧光原位杂交结果显示:异代换系H921—6—12和H924—3—4均含有2条华山新麦草的染色体。对这2个材料和华山新麦草进行染色体C-分带带型比较,结果认为:H921—6—12可能是普通小麦-华山新麦草的5A/N5^b代换系,H924—3—4可能是3D/N4^b代换系。 相似文献
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对小麦-华山新麦草附加系H20和代换系H1的抗病性及分子细胞遗传学进行了研究。结果 表明,H20和H1的体细胞染色体数目范围分别为42~44和40~42,2n=44和2n=42的细胞频率分别为58.33%和90%;花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ,染色体构型分别为21.55Ⅱ十0.90Ⅰ和20.74Ⅱ十0.52Ⅰ,22Ⅱ和21Ⅱ的细胞频率分别为61.56%和86.18%;与中国春测交,21Ⅱ十1Ⅰ和20Ⅱ十2Ⅰ的细胞频率分别为70.14%和88.59%。用华山新麦草基因组DNA作探针进行原位杂交,结果显示H20和H1中均有2条华山新麦草染色体,他们的染色体构成分别为2n=44=42W 2N和2n=42=40W 2N。对全蚀病菌,H20表现近高度抗病性,H1表现中度抗病性。 相似文献
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利用荧光原位杂交和染色体 C-分带技术对普通小麦 -华山新麦草的异代换系进行了研究 .荧光原位杂交结果显示 :异代换系 H92 1- 6 - 12和 H92 4 - 3- 4均含有 2条华山新麦草的染色体 .对这 2个材料和华山新麦草进行染色体 C-分带带型比较 ,结果认为 :H92 1- 6 - 12可能是普通小麦 -华山新麦草的 5 A / N5h 代换系 ,H92 4 - 3- 4可能是 3D/ N4 h代换系 . 相似文献
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抗小麦全蚀病中间材料H8911(BC1F1)是通过小麦与华山新麦草杂种幼胚培养及杂种F1(ABDN2n=28)再与小麦回交后得到的。根尖细胞染色体数目49条,花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ,染色体构型为20.85(19~21)Ⅱ 7.30(7~11)Ⅰ,21Ⅱ 7Ⅰ的细胞占86.67%。BC1F2和BC1F3体细胞染色体数目范围分别为45~53和44~52,49条染色体的植株类型分别占30.19%和27.50%,华山新麦草染色体丢失率分别为11.85%和13.14%;花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ,染色体构型分别为20.62(18~22)Ⅱ 7.64(5~13)Ⅰ 0.04(0~1)Ⅲ和20.53(17~22)Ⅱ 7.79(5~15)Ⅰ 0.05(0~1)Ⅲ,21Ⅱ 7Ⅰ的细胞分别占77.24%和69.42%。随着自交世代的延续,21Ⅱ 7Ⅰ细胞的传递能力逐渐降低。利用H8911作供体,选育出小麦-华山新麦草抗全蚀病新种质13个,其中1个附加系表现近高度抗病性,6个附加系、3个代换系和3个易位系材料表现中度抗病性。 相似文献
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普通小麦和新麦草属间杂种的产生及细胞遗传学研究 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
进行了普通小麦和华山新麦草属间杂交,运用杂种幼胚培养技术,首次成功地获得了它们的属间杂种。F_1形态趋于中间型,均完全不育。F_1花粉母细胞预期类型(2n=28)的减数分裂中期Ⅰ平均染色体配对构型为26.72Ⅰ+0.62Ⅱ+0.01Ⅲ,后期Ⅰ和后期Ⅱ有落后染色体,多分体具大量微核。结果表明普通小麦和华山新麦草的染色体组间不存在同源或部分同源性。还观察到花粉母细胞异常减数分裂现象。用普通小麦回交,未获得回交后代。 相似文献
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Efficient callus induction and plant regeneration from mature embryo culture of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
Immature and mature embryos of 12 common winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes were cultured in vitro to develop an efficient method of callus formation and plant regeneration from mature embryo
culture, and to compare the responses of both embryo cultures. Fifteen days after anthesis, immature embryos were aseptically
dissected from seeds and placed with the scutellum upwards on a solid agar medium containing the inorganic components of Murashige
and Skoog (MS) and 2 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Mature embryos were moved slightly in the imbibed seeds.
The seeds with moved embryos were placed furrow downwards in dishes containing 8 mg/l 2,4-D for callus induction. The developed
calli and regenerated plants were maintained on 2,4-D-free MS medium. Plants regenerated from both embryo cultures were vernalized
and grown to maturity in soil. Regenerated plantlets all maintained the hexaploid chromosome number. A strong genotypic effect
on the culture responses was found for both explant cultures. Callus induction rate, regeneration capacity of callus and number
of plants regenerated were independent of each other. Mature embryos had a high frequency of callus induction and regeneration
capacity, and therefore, being available throughout the year, can be used as an effective explant source in wheat tissue culture.
Received: 4 February 1997 / Revision received: 1 April 1997 / Accepted: 5 May 1997 相似文献
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以陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum L.)做母本,野生的瑟伯氏棉(Gossypium thurberi Tod)和克劳茨基棉(Gossypium klotzschianum Anderss.)做父本,并以陆地棉自交为对照,取杂交授粉后两天的胚珠进行离体培养,研究胚胎发育。在培养条件下,三种遗传型合子启动的时间不一致,而且胚乳的发育也存在差异。珠心和胚囊腔的生长变化在有胚胚珠和无胚胚珠之间,存在明显的不同。球形胚时期,是杂种胚能否正常发育的关键时期。离体培养,改变了自然杂种状态的胚和胚乳以及胚和母体组织的不协调关系,因此产生了较多的杂种胚。 相似文献
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三七为五加科的重要药用植物。以三七的种胚为材料接种于MS 补加2,4-D、IAA、NAA 各1 mg/L的培养基上。接种后约二个月,在MS 补加IAA 或NAA 的培养基上可以产生体细胞胚;在MS 加2,4-D 的培养基上只产生愈伤组织而无器官分化。体细胞胚在MS+IAA 0.5 mg/L+GA_3 1 mg/L 培养基上可发育成小植株。体细胞胚用4%海藻酸钠和2%氯化钙进行人工种皮包埋后,在无菌条件下,人工种子可转换成苗,转换率达89.7%。三七的体细胞胚起源于愈伤组织内或近表层的单个胚性细胞。体细胞胚经球形、心型、鱼雷形及子叶期等诸阶段发育成植株。通过PAS 法染色发现,胚性细胞、球形胚、早心形胚阶段有明显地淀粉积累,淀粉颗粒大而密集;到晚心形胚及子叶期体胚,淀粉颗粒小而少或消失。淀粉消长变化的规律与体细胞胚的发育有着密切的关系。 相似文献
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Effect of plant growth conditions, plating density, and genotype on the anther culture response of soft white spring wheat hybrids 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Ten soft white spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) F1 hybrids were grown under three temperature regimes, and anthers were cultured at two plating densities to investigate the
effect of plant growth conditions, plating density, and genotype on embryo induction and plant regeneration. Anthers from
plants grown at high temperature (25 °/18 °C) or from plants transferred from low (15 °/12 °C) to high temperature generally
produced more embryos and green shoots, with a lower frequency of albinos, than did anthers from plants grown at low temperature.
However, plating densities of 10 versus 20 anthers per milliliter, had little effect on anther response. Four of the five
hybrids with `Fielder' as the female parent produced more embryos and green shoots than did hybrids with `AC Reed' as the
female parent.
Received: 12 July 1996 / Revision received: 1 April 1997 / Accepted: 30 April 1997 相似文献
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对韭菜开花前1天左右的子房进行培养可获得大量的单倍体植株。观察表明单倍体植株起源于未受精的卵细胞和反足细胞。为了探索培养不同发育时期的子房对单倍体原胚发生频率的影响,我们又对大孢子母细胞时期的幼 相似文献
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本文报道了一短指(趾)少指(趾)节畸形苗族家系的调查结果。该家系中患者双手、双足第一指(趾)近节指(趾)骨变短粗,第二、三、四、五指(趾)中节指(趾)骨缺如,属于遗传性短指(趾)畸形的BellA-1型。患者手纹与贵州正常苗族人有较大差异。该家系父系正常,母系4代共调查75人,发现患者22人(男13人,女9人)。系谱分析表明,该畸形属常染色体显性遗传。 相似文献
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对华山新麦草(Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng ex P.C.Kuo)营养叶的净光合速率(Pn)和蒸腾速率(Tr)的日变化曲线进行了分析,并在对叶温(Tl)、气孔阻力(Rs)、光合有效辐射强度(PAR)和气温(Ta)的日变化曲线进行测定的基础上分析了它们对华山新麦草Pn的影响规律。结果表明:华山新麦草Pn的日变化曲线呈"三峰"型,峰值分别为6.5、6.2和9.0μmol.m-2.s-1,依次出现在9:30、11:30和16:30,而且具有明显的"午降"现象;Tr的日变化曲线呈"单峰"型,最大值为1.7 mmol.m-2.s-1,出现在13:30;Tl、Rs、PAR和Ta的日变化曲线均呈"单峰"型,峰值分别出现在12:30、11:30、12:30和13:30。华山新麦草的Pn对Tl、PAR和Ta的响应曲线均呈"抛物线"型,Pn在一定范围内与Tl、PAR和Ta呈正相关,随着Tl、PAR和Ta的升高逐渐增加至最大值后逐渐降低;而Pn与Rs则呈负相关,Pn在一定范围内随Rs的增大逐渐降低。根据拟合方程,华山新麦草营养叶的光补偿点和光饱和点分别为1.1和531.5μmol.m-2.s-1,说明该种类具有很强的喜光性,且对光照强度的适应范围较广。研究结果表明:较大的气孔阻力是造成华山新麦草叶片净光合速率偏低的主要原因。 相似文献
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A one-step method to rescue immature embryos of eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr.) is described. Plantlets developed from 83% of 25-day-old embryos grown in shaken culture on Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid medium with 2.2 m indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and from 86% of embryos not supplemented with IAA. In contrast, when the MS medium was solidified with 0.8% agar, plantlets developed from 25% of 25-day-old embryos cultured on medium supplemented with IAA and from 28% of embryos in medium not supplemented with IAA. Eighty eight percent of all plantlets survived a gradual acclimitization to peat plugs in a greenhouse. The one-step liquid-culture method is an effective means of rescuing immature embryos by ovule culture from excised artificially-pollinated female branches in our cottonwood breeding program. 相似文献