情景模拟教学法在医学实验室生物安全培训中的探讨

实验诊断学是基础医学与临床医学间的桥梁性学科,实验教学是实验诊断学重要的环节之一,医学实验室是医学教学与研究的重要基地,为保障医学生的人身安全,提升实验室生物安全防范意识与能力,生物安全培训至关重要。采用情景模拟教学法设置生物暴露现场,带教老师负责教学组织的实施,学生角色扮演,针对生物安全的培训展开探讨,并在教学后进行总结与评估,从而提高医学生的学习兴趣及判别能力,有利于医学生对于生物安全的防范意识和处理能力的提高,为今后临床工作做好安全保障。     

医学微生物学设计性实验教学探索

医学微生物实验教学是医学微生物学的重要的组成部分,其教学效果的好坏直接影响到医学生今后的实践能力.而设计性实验有助于提高学生的动手能力、独立分析解决问题的能力,使学生对知识的掌握更加坚实本文从更新教师教学理念,科学设计实验课程体系、优化实验教学内容、实验平台同步对接四个方面阐述了设计性实验在医学微生物实验教学中的应用.     

以乡镇卫生服务需求为导向构建定向生医学微生物学实践教学体系

以定向医学生的培养目标为主线,以素质教育和能力培养为核心,构建医学微生物学实验教学体系。该体系以乡镇卫生服务需求为导向,以实验全过程管理为基础,以岗位能力要求优化教学内容,以综合能力提高为依据改革教学方法,以多方面、多角度、多层次考核为手段,强化了实验技能的提高与运用,是一个符合医学定向生专业特点的医学微生物实验教学体系。     

八年制学生医学免疫学实验教学改革的探索

为了适应我国医学教育培养高素质创新人才的要求、提高本科生创新意识和综合能力,本研究对我校八年制医学生医学免疫学实验教学进行了系列探索与实践。经过5年的实践表明,我校医学免疫学实验教学改革已取得初步成效：优化了医学免疫学实验教学内容、初步探索出一套行之有效的实验室开放模式、建立了适合本科学生进行创新思维和综合训练的技术平台、建立并完善了实验教学质量保障体系。为国内高等医学院校建立医学免疫学实验教学模式提供了有价值的参考。     

虚拟仿真技术助力下的“医学微生物学”实验课程教学方案设计和实践

近年来,虚拟仿真技术在实验教学中获得了广泛的应用,取得了令人瞩目的成绩。由于学科特点,"医学微生物学"实验课程特别适合通过虚拟仿真技术丰富实验教学内容,从某种意义上说虚拟仿真技术重新构建了"医学微生物学"实验课程的教学体系。本文以"医学微生物学"实验课程教学局限性为着眼点,重点阐述基于虚拟仿真技术在加强生物安全教育、重构教学内容、创新教学手段等方面的有益实践和探索。相较于传统实验教学,该教学方案极大地丰富了教学内容,能够更好地培养学生的综合实验能力和职业责任感,切实提高实验教学质量,有望为虚拟仿真实验建设及基础医学实验教学改革提供借鉴参考。     

医学遗传学实验教学中实施研究性教学的探索实践

我们根据我校实际情况在医学遗传学实验教学中实施开放式研究性教学手段,培养学生具有自主建构的学习能力,掌握现代医学遗传学的基本理论和遗传性疾病诊断的实验方法,培养学员的综合实践能力,启发创造性思维,促进实验教学的改革。     

医学遗传学实验教学中实施研究性教学的探索实践

我们根据我校实际情况在医学遗传学实验教学中实施开放式研究性教学手段,培养学生具有自主建构的学习能力,掌握现代医学遗传学的基本理论和遗传性疾病诊断的实验方法,培养学员的综合实践能力,启发创造性思维,促进实验教学的改革。     

医学生物化学实验教学的实践与探索

医学生物化学实验教学对于学生实验水平的提升具有重要的影响,能够使学生将所学习的医学生物化学知识与医学生物化学实验活动将结合,借助理论知识指导实践操作,结合实验操作丰富学生的理论知识体系。本篇文章主要从当前医学生物化学实验教学存在的问题以及医学生物化学实验教学的创新策略两个方面进行分析,旨在为学生创建一个良好的生物化学实验学习平台,提升每一位学生的综合实验能力。     

实验准备及技术人员在提高医学微生物学教学质量中的作用

实验课是现代医学微生物学课程中不可或缺的部分。然而,在考虑医学微生物学实验教学改革时,我们往往忽略了实验课教学准备工作及实验技术人员在高质量完成教学任务中的重要性。本文结合复旦大学2000年前、2000-2010年及现阶段医学微生物学实验教学改革情况,分析并讨论实验课教学准备工作必须考虑的问题及所需实验条件,提出实验技术人员素质及实验课教学准备在保证医学微生物学实验教学质量中的重要性,为医学微生物学实验教学改革提供借鉴。     

网络微实验在本科实验教学实践中的应用探析——以生物化学实验课程网络微实验建设为例

为了深化实践教学改革,加快教学信息化建设进程,促进数字化教学资源的开发与应用,吉林大学生物国家级实验教学示范中心开展了生物化学实验课程网络微实验项目的建设工作。该项目现已成功建立并实现了网上运行,为我校生物学及相关专业学生提供了规范化、标准化的生物化学实验技术操作学习资源;为学生创造了随时随地、具有针对性地学习生物化学实验知识点的机会,提高了学生对实验的兴趣和动手能力,无形中促进了生物化学实验教学质量的提升。现就该项目的具体建设内容及建设过程和在本科生实验教学中的应用情况予以介绍。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.