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1.
传标记及其在作物品种鉴定中的应用   总被引:35,自引:0,他引:35  
本文评述了用于作物品种鉴定的形态标记(morphological markers)、细胞标记(cytological markers)、生化标记(biochemical markers)、分子标记(molecular markers)的优缺点。重点评述了分子标记在作物品种鉴定中的应用。文中除对蛋白质电泳指纹图谱--同工酶和贮茂蛋白(包括醇溶性蛋白、清蛋白、谷蛋白、球蛋白等)电泳产生的指纹图谱的应用外,较详细地介绍了近年来DNA指纹图谱技术;包括限制片段长度多态性(restriction fragment length polymorphism,简称RFLP)、随机扩增多态性DNA(random amplified polymorphic DNA,简称RAPD)、小卫星DNA(minisatellite DNA)、微卫生DANmicrosatellite DNA),简单重复序列间扩增(intersimple sequence repeats,简称ISSR),扩增片段长度多态性(amplified fragment length polymor-phism,简称AFLP)以及CAPS(cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences)和SNPS(single mucleotide polymor-phisms)对作物品种鉴定和新品种登记,品种纯度和真实性的检验以及品种间亲缘关系的探讨和在分类研究中的贡献等。  相似文献   

2.
分子标记在百合属植物遗传多样性研究中的应用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
介绍分子标记技术及其发展概况,并重点论述几种常见分子标记技术如随机扩增多态性DNA(random amplified polymorphism DNA,RAPD)、简单重复序列间区(inter-simple sequence repeat,ISSR)、扩增片段长度多态性(amplified fragment length polymorphism,AFLP)和内转录间隔区(internal transcribed spacer,ITS)等的基本原理、技术上的优缺点及其在百合属植物遗传多样性研究中的应用现状,同时对分子标记技术在百合属植物遗传多样性研究中的应用前景进行展望.  相似文献   

3.
AFLP分子标记及其应用   总被引:33,自引:0,他引:33  
扩增片段长度多态性(Amplified fragment length polymorphism,AFLP),是Zabeau等(1992)发展的一种新DNA指纹技术。该技术原理简单,引物设计巧妙,既具有RFLP技术的可靠性又具有RAPD技术的高效性,被称为“最有力的分子标记”。系统介绍了AFLP分子标记的基本原理、技术流程和优化措施,对AFLP标记在植物居群生物学、保护生物学、分子系统学等领域中的应用作了简要介绍,并对其应用前景进行了展望。  相似文献   

4.
念珠菌DNA同源性研究的方法及应用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
念珠菌感染在临床的患病率和致死率都很高,研究念珠菌同源性有利于了解念珠菌的流行病学特点,为临床诊断和治疗提供帮助,本文就研究念珠菌同源性常用的方法:随机扩增多态性DNA(random amplified polymorphic DNA,RAPD),脉冲场凝胶电泳(pulsed-field gel electrophoresis,PFGE),聚合酶链反应-单链构象多态性(PCR single—strand conformational polymorphism,PCR—SSCP),聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism,PCR—RFLP)的原理、应用作一综述。  相似文献   

5.
DNA分子标记技术很多,基本都是建立在RFLP、PCR和重复顺序的基础上的。本文重点介绍了限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)标记、随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)标记、微卫星DNA(STR)标记、DNA指纹(DFP)标记、扩增片段长度多态性(AFLP)标记等几种重要的DNA分子标记技术的定义、结构、分布、组成、保守性、优点及丰富的多态性等。并重点介绍了微卫星DNA(STR)标记在分子遗传监测、遗传多样性分析和遗传血缘关系及个体识别等领域的应用。  相似文献   

6.
DNA指纹技术在污染土壤生态毒理诊断中的应用   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
生物标记物能在细咆或分子水平上指示暴露.效应关系,是进行污染土壤生态毒理诊断的主要技术手段之一。随着分子生物学技术的飞速发展,出现了一系列以聚合酶链式反应为基础的、在分子水平上检测污染物质导致的生物体DNA损伤的DNA指纹技术。DNA指纹技术的主要类型有:随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)、聚合酶链式反应.单链构象多态性(PCR-SSCP)、扩增片段长度多态性(AFLP)、任意引物聚合酶链式反应(AP—PCR)、差异显示反转录聚合酶链式反应(DDRT)、短DNA重复序列(SSR)及限制片段长度多态性(RFLP)等。这些技术与检测基因突变、染色体畸变和损伤为主的一系列经典研究方法如彗星分析、微核实验等相比具有简便、快速、灵敏等优点。本文着重介绍了随机扩增多态性DNA、聚合酶链式反应.单链构象多态性、扩增片段长度多态性3种重要的DNA指纹技术在污染土壤诊断中的应用。  相似文献   

7.
lifetex oriental公司从10月16日开始进口并销售美国GIBCO BRL公司研制的、用于植物染色体DNA指纹印迹分析的底物试剂盒“AFLP分析系统I”。观察植物育种中基因结构的变化,该试剂盒对品种鉴定等有用。 “AFLP分析系统”(AFLP:amplified fragment length polymorphism)利用PCR法扩增用限制酶EcoRI和  相似文献   

8.
用扩增片段的长度多态性(amplified fragment length polymorphism,AFLP)标记分析研究了东北梅花鹿同一居群内27个个体的亲缘关系,并以此作为优良种鹿选育种的辅助手段。筛选出9对AFLP引物组合,用EcoRⅠ/MseⅠ双酶切,对27只东北梅花鹿基因组DNA进行AFLP检测,共获得15 169条扩增带,检测出多态性条带11 443,多态性比率78.43%,平均每对引物检测到1 271个多态性位点。群体内相似系数AFLP研究结果,平均为0.7841(0.6809-0.8648),27只鹿聚为Ⅰ和Ⅱ两大类群,Ⅱ大类群分为5组,说明该鹿群个体间有较丰富的遗传变异,且与人工定向选配种有关。Ⅱ-4组群体内相似系数最高,在0.82以上,个体之间遗传距离最小在0.1354-0.1563之间,与繁殖记录的亲缘关系基本一致。该研究表明AFLP指纹技术用于梅花鹿遗传多态性分析,品种鉴定及亲缘关系分析是可行的。  相似文献   

9.
综述了限制性长度多态性(RFLP)、随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)、扩增片段长度多态性(AFLP)、简单重复序列(SSR)等不同类型分子标记在草莓指纹图谱构建、品种鉴别、遗传多样性、进化、遗传作图以及相关性状的标记等方面的应用,分析了草莓分子标记研究中的关键问题,提出了今后研究方向。  相似文献   

10.
吴茱萸的AFLP指纹图谱的初步研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
冉贵萍  黄海  黄金宝 《植物研究》2008,28(6):720-725
首次报道中草药植物吴茱萸基因组DNA指纹图谱的研究。吴茱萸是贵州省内经济价值极高的中草药之一,采用扩增片段长度多态性(AFLP)技术来分析来自不同地区的石虎、疏毛、大花吴茱萸3个品种的DNA指纹图谱,从18对引物中筛选出3对引物对19份材料的DNA检测,共得到93条带,其中多态性片段57条(平均61.3%)。3对引物组合从DNA指纹图谱上将19份材料完全区分开,结果表明AFLP技术是鉴别吴茱萸相近品种的有效方法,是形态学鉴定方法的有益补充;UPGMA方法聚类分析显示19份种质材料间的相似系数为0.235~0.941,表明吴茱萸种质间的遗传多样性丰富;余庆地区种植基地的石虎和疏毛样本聚为一类,提示人工栽培影响到吴茱萸的遗传特性。  相似文献   

11.
Identification of hazelnut (Corylus avellana) cultivars by RAPD analysis   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique offers a useful tool to detect DNA polymorphisms. It can also be used to distinguish different clones and cultivars. We have developed a comprehensive RAPD-based procedure for the routine molecular typing of various plants. Here we report the application of this technique for the correct identification of six hazelnut cultivars (Corylus avellana) widespread in the Campania region (south Italy). The analysed hazelnut cultivars were successfully distinguished by their RAPD fingerprints using the DNA primers U2, U3, U4, U11 and U14. However, in each cultivar we observed very low genetic heterogeneity among the clonal variants. Since this technique is among the simplest and easiest methods used to fingerprint DNA, it could be easily transferred to less sophisticated laboratory infrastructures (e.g. outstations of crop regulatory agencies). Received: 20 December 1997 / Revision received: 6 August 1998 / Accepted: 13 November 1998  相似文献   

12.
Accurate and reliable cultivar identification of crop species is essential to guarantee plant material identity for purposes of registration, cultivar protection and production. To facilitate identification of plant cultivars, we developed a novel strategy for efficient recording of DNA molecular fingerprints in genotyped plant individuals. These fingerprints can be used as efficient referential information for quick plant identification. We made a random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker analysis of 68 pear cultivars. All pear genotypes could be distinguished by a combination of eight 11-mer primers. The efficiency of the method was further verified by correct identification of four cultivars randomly chosen from the initial 68. The advantages of this identification include use of fewer primers and ease of cultivar separation by the corresponding primers marked on the cultivar identification diagram. The cultivar identification diagram can efficiently serve for pear cultivar identification by readily providing the information needed to separate cultivars. To the best of our knowledge, this is the most efficient strategy for identification of plant varieties using DNA markers; it could be employed for the development of the pear industry and for the utilization of DNA markers to identify other plant species.  相似文献   

13.
相关序列扩增多态性(SRAP)标记及其应用研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
SRAP是一项基于PCR技术的分子标记技术,利用其独特的引物设计对基因组的开放阅读框(ORFs)进行特异扩增,利用个体以及物种的内含子、启动子和间隔序列的不同,产生基于内含子和外显子的SRAP多态性。阐述了SRAP的原理和流程,详细论述了SRAP标记目前在植物遗传多样性、作物品种鉴定、遗传图谱构建等方面的研究进展及应用前景。  相似文献   

14.
近年来花生微卫星标记的开发取得了一定的进展, 初步揭示了花生在DNA水平上的遗传多样性。花生微卫星标记的开发途径主要包括通过构建小片段基因组文库开发基因组SSR标记, 根据花生EST序列开发EST-SSR标记, 根据豆科植物序 列信息和SSR标记开发花生SSR标记, 将SSR标记与其它分子标记结合开发新的DNA标记, 以及基于SSR核心序列开发ISSR标记。花生微卫星标记主要应用于遗传多样性研究、遗传图谱与品种指纹图谱构建以及分子标记辅助育种等领域。本文综述了花生SSR标记开发研究的进展及应用。  相似文献   

15.
花生微卫星标记的研究进展   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
近年来花生微卫星标记的开发取得了一定的进展,初步揭示了花生在DNA水平上的遗传多样性。花生微卫星标记的开发途径主要包括通过构建小片段基因组文库开发基因组SSR标记,根据花生EST序列开发EST-SSR标记,根据豆科植物序列信息和SSR标记开发花生SSR标记,将SSR标记与其它分子标记结合开发新的DNA标记,以及基于SSR核心序列开发ISSR标记。花生微卫星标记主要应用于遗传多样性研究、遗传图谱与品种指纹图谱构建以及分子标记辅助育种等领域。本文综述了花生SSR标记开发研究的进展及应用。  相似文献   

16.
中药指纹图谱的研究进展   总被引:16,自引:1,他引:15  
中药指纹图谱已日渐应用于中药鉴定与质量评价。本文综述了近来的薄层色谱指纹图谱,高效液相指纹图谱,核磁共振指纹图谱,质谱指纹图谱,X-射线衍射指纹图谱,色谱联用指纹图谱及DNA指纹图谱等的研究进展。  相似文献   

17.
Identification of broccoli and cauliflower cultivars with RAPD markers   总被引:43,自引:0,他引:43  
Summary RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) markers generated by 4 arbitrary 10-mer primers, discriminated 14 broccoli and 12 cauliflower cultivars (Brassica oleracea L.) by banding profiles. The size of the amplified DNA fragments ranged from 300 to 2600 base pairs. Twenty-eight percent of the markers were fixed in both broccoli and cauliflower, whereas 12.5% were specific to either crop. The rest were polymorphic in either or both crops. The markers generated by two and three primers were sufficient to distinguish each of the broccoli and cauliflower cultivars, respectively. The average difference in markers was 14.5 between broccoli and cauliflower markers, 5.8 between two broccoli cultivars and 7.9 between two cauliflower cultivars. Larger differences for each crop were found between cultivars from different seed companies than within the same company. RAPD markers provide a quick and reliable alternative to identify broccoli and cauliflower cultivars.  相似文献   

18.
Genetic fingerprinting of Australian cotton cultivars with RAPD markers.   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
D S Multani  B R Lyon 《Génome》1995,38(5):1005-1008
RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) markers generated by 30 random decamer primers were used to fingerprint 12 released cultivars and a breeding line of Gossypium hirsutum and 1 cultivar of G. barbadense presently under cultivation in Australia. Among a total of 453 developed markers, 69 (15.2%) were only present (unique) in the G. barbadense cultivar Pima S-7. Of the remaining markers, 128 (33.3%) were fixed in all 13 G. hirsutum cultivars. In pairwise comparisons of the degree of band sharing, nine closely-related cultivars showed 92.1-98.9% genetic similarity. Cluster analysis of genetic distance estimates between each of the cultivars revealed phylogenetic relationships in broad agreement with the known lineage of the cultivars. Ten of the G. hirsutum cultivars can be characterized individually based upon cultivar-specific RAPD markers, thus making it possible to differentiate closely related cultivars by molecular markers.  相似文献   

19.
Grapevine is the most economically important and widely cultivated fruit crop in the world. Molecular markers have been used on Vitis vinifera to distinguish among both varieties and clones. Microsatellites are used to fingerprint varieties and several other techniques, reported in many papers, are used to analyze the differences among clones, but it is not available in the literature as a well defined strategy to screen a large number of Vitis cultivars. In fact, it is often necessary to use different techniques to investigate the genetic variability in different grapevine varieties and a proposed technique is used to study a cultivar, which is often not suitable for either the study of another cultivar or compare the genetic relationship among various cultivars. We describe here a strategy used for the analysis of several grapevine cultivars to describe a universal method to obtain DNA polymorphisms of Vitis vinifera genotypes from the same cultivar by using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), selective amplification of microsatellite polymorphic loci (SAMPL), microsatellites AFLP (M-AFLP), and ISSR molecular markers. The strategy here adopted permitted both to identify different biotypes (i.e., Primitivo), accessions (i.e., Garnacha tinta), and clones (i.e., Callet, Manto Negro, Moll) among the variability of same variety and to correlate the genetic differences to their geographical origins (i.e., Garnacha tinta; Malvasia nera di Brindisi/Lecce) or morphological traits (i.e., Malvasia of Candia). Here is also described the application of the protocol that allows to highlight the genetic variability accumulated during centuries of cultivations and selections of the same variety in different environments by vine growers.  相似文献   

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