中国香港(虫)目昆虫以及管(虫)属的研究((虫)目)

根据近年来在香港地区采集到的一些虫目昆虫,经整理鉴定及文献记录,记述香港虫目昆虫3科6属9种,其中有1新种树基管虫Sipyloidea shukayi, sp. nov..制定了分类检索表,结合新种的鉴别,整理了全国管虫属Sipyloidea 已知种,制定出8个种的检索表.新种模式标本保存在中国科学院上海昆虫研究所.     

中国香港Xiu目昆虫以及管Xiu属的研究（Xiu目）

根据近年来在香港地区采集到的一些Xiu目昆虫,经整理鉴定及文献记录,香港Xiu目昆虫3科6属9种,其中有1新种：树基管XiuSipyloidea shukayi,sp.nov.。制定了分类检索表,结合新种的鉴别,整理了全国管Xiu属Sipyloidea已知种,制定出8个种的检索表。新种模式标本保存在中国科学院上海昆虫研究所。     

中国南方目昆虫二新种(目:胫缘亚目)

记述采自中国江西与广西的目昆虫 2新种 :庐山无肛 Paraentorialushanensis,sp.nov.和暗黑华枝 Sinophasma atratum,sp.nov.。模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所。     

西藏鳞(虫兆)亚属二新种记述(弹尾目,鳞(虫兆)科)

记述采自西藏地区的弹尾目Collembola鳞(虫兆)科Tomoceridae鳞(虫兆)亚属Tomocerus(Tomocerus)2新种:黑带鳞(虫兆)Tomocerus(Tomocerus)nigrofasciatus sp.nov.(西藏:洛扎生格)和背崩鳞(虫兆)Tomocerus(Tomocerus)baibungensis sp.nov.(西藏:墨脱背崩),给出鉴别特征图以及在西藏地区的种检索表.新种模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所.     

云南高黎贡山目昆虫五新种及污色无翅刺雄性的发现(目:异科,科)

记述云南高黎贡山目异科和科5个新种,即刺胸阿异Aruanoidea notata,sp.nov.,高山短肛Baculum altissimum,sp.nov.,光亮拟短肛Parabaculum laevigatum,sp.nov.,双角刺Cnipsomorpha biangulatus,sp.nov.,黑缘介Interphasma marginatum,sp.nov.,并且首次记述了污色无翅刺Cnipsomorpha colorantis(Chen et He)的雄性。模式标本分别存放于北京林业大学与中国林业科学研究院昆虫标本馆。     

中国奇刺(虫兆)属一新种及丽江奇刺(虫兆)的新分布

记述中国奇刺(虫兆)属具有6臀刺的1新种,卜氏奇刺姚Friesea buyuni sp.nov..文中给出奇刺(虫兆)属中具有2+2小眼种类的检索表;并给出丽江奇刺(虫兆)的新发布记录.模式标本保存在上海昆虫博物馆.     

中国介(虫脩)属一新种(虫脩)目,(虫脩)科)

描记了中国(虫脩)目(虫脩)科介(虫脩)属Interphasma Chen et He 1新种:雷公山介(虫脩)Interphasma leigongshanense sp.nov..模式标本保存在贵州大学昆虫研究所.     

青海缘毛目三新种：缘毛目：盖虫科,鞘居科

文章报道了青海省的原生动物缘毛目的3个新种,隶属于2个科、3个属,其中盖虫科 Operculariidae有圆盖虫Orbopercularia 1个属,鞘居科 Vaginicolidae 有扉门虫 Thuricola 和靴纤虫Cothurnia 2个属。3个新种名称为宽纹圆盖虫,新种 Orbopercularia latistriata sp.nov.、青海扉门虫,新种 Thuricola qinghaiensis sp.nov.和粗壮靴纤虫,新种 Cothurnia robusta sp.nov.。每一种有详图和描述,对宽纹圆盖虫的表膜作了蛋白银染色观察。     

中国齿隐翅虫属斑齿隐翅虫亚属(鞘翅目,隐翅虫科,筒隐翅虫亚科)分类学研究

齿隐翅虫属Priochirus种类多见于腐木树皮下,是重要的腐木甲虫.其中斑齿隐翅虫亚属的物种比较稀少,目前全世界仅记录3种.本文记述产于我国云南的齿隐翅虫属斑齿隐翅虫亚属1新种,硕斑齿隐翅虫Priochirus(Stigma-tochirus)magnificus sp.nov,及1新纪录种,阿斑齿隐翅虫Priochirus(Stigmatochirus)abori Bernhauer.文中物种检索表包括了世界现有的3种及新种共4个种.所有标本材料(包括所有模式标本)都保存在中国科学院动物研究所.     

云南省目一新属新种(目:异科)

本文记述了异科一新属,即滇属 Ｄｉａｎｐｈａｓｍａ ｇｅｎ．ｎｏｖ,一新种即微翅滇Ｄｉａｎｐｈａｓｍａ　ｍｉｃｒｏｐｔｅｒａ ｓｎ．ｎｏｖ．。标本采自云南省小中甸,保存在中国科学院动物研究所。     

Ectogenesis and the case against the right to the death of the foetus

Ectogenesis, or the use of an artificial womb to allow a foetus to develop, will likely become a reality within a few decades, and could significantly affect the abortion debate. We first examine the implications for Judith Jarvis Thomson’s violinist analogy, which argues for a woman’s right to withdraw life support from the foetus and so terminate her pregnancy, even if the foetus is granted full moral status. We show that on Thomson’s reasoning, there is no right to the death of the foetus, and abortion is not permissible if ectogenesis is available, provided it is safe and inexpensive. This raises the question of whether there are persuasive reasons for the right to the death of the foetus that could be exercised in the context of ectogenesis. Eric Mathison and Jeremy Davis have examined several arguments for this right, doubting that it exists, while Joona Räsänen has recently criticized their reasoning. We respond to Räsänen’s analysis, concluding that his arguments are unsuccessful, and that there is no right to the death of the foetus in these circumstances.     

On the diversity of the Cladocera in the tropics

The mythical concept of an impoverished tropical cladoceran fauna is refuted. On a planetary scale, around half of the cladoceran species presently known occur exclusively in the tropics-subtropics, often with considerable restriction to particular geographical subzones. On a regional (political) scale, the situation is often unclear because of the continued fragmentary nature of studies, and because political units are not a good basis for biogeographical comparisons. At the finest level of resolution (lake-perlake comparisons), there appears to be an upper limit of c. 50 cladoceran species per individual lake. No significant difference between lakes in the temperate zone and in the tropics could be established here. Daphnia is largely absent from the tropics, but is replaced by more Sidids, Moinids, and Bosminids, such that the average cladoceran community in the limnetic zone of a tropical lake is not characterized by less species but rather by lower population densities. This, in turn, is considered a consequence of higher prevalent predation levels in the tropics.     

Tubular networks in the terminal endings of the visual receptor cells in the human,the monkey,the cat and the dog

Summary A tubular network was found in the terminal endings of the visual receptor cells in the human, the monkey (Macaca mulatta), the cat and the dog. These tubules are arranged in close groups in the vicinity of the synaptic lamellae and the invaginated dendrites. According to the form, diameter, density of the tubules and to the consistence of the network formed by them one can distinguish at these places an initial type (type I), a transitory (type II) and a vesicular one (type III). In the the type III branching, bizarre forms are frequent. The diameter of all the tubules reaches 500–600 Å, their density and walls being the same as in the synaptic vesicles.Similar networks also occur in the axons of the visual receptor cells of the monkey.

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Zusammenfassung In den Endigungen der Photorezeptorzellen von Mensch, Affe (Macaca mulatta), Katze und Hund kommen aus Tubuli bestehende Komplexe vor. Organellenartig in geschlossenen Gruppen angeordnet, liegen sie in Nähe der synaptischen Lamellen und der invaginierten Dendriten. An diesen Stellen kann man nach Form, Durchmesser, Dichte und Konsistenz der von den Tubuli gebildeten Komplexe drei Typen unterscheiden: 1. einen initialen (Typus I), 2. einen Übergangstypus (Typus II) und 3. einen vesiculären Typus (Typus III). In letzterem kommen häufig verzweigte, bizarre Formen vor. Der Durchmesser sämtlicher Tubuli erreicht 500–600 Å. Ihre Dichte und ihre Wand gleicht denen der synaptischen Vesikel.Ähnliche Komplexe fanden wir auch in den Axonen der Photorezeptorzellen vom Affen.

     

Assessing the Physiological State of the Fucoids from the Barents Sea Littoral by the End of the Polar Night

Methods of amperometry and potentiometric titration were used to follow dark respiration (DR) and apparent photosynthesis (AP) in the fucoids Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jol, Fucus vesiculosus L., and F. serratus L. from the Barents Sea littoral by the end of the 40-day-long polar night. The macroalgae were shown to manifest species-specific low rates of photosynthesis and respiration. However, in spite of their low photosynthetic status due to the effects of subzero temperature and prolonged low or zero illumination, the macroalgae have been able to restore DR and AP to the initial level already by the day 9; the ability to restore AP depended on the level of illumination. The study of the changes in the carbonate–bicarbonate system in the light and darkness demonstrated that the macroalgae grown in darkness, in contrast to those grown in twilight, could absorb bicarbonate in darkness; however, they lost this capacity after two-day-long illumination at an irradiance of 7 mol/(m² s). Bicarbonate uptake in darkness and the capacity to restore the systems of photosynthesis and respiration in fucoid cells are discussed in the context of algal energy metabolism under the polar night conditions.     

Arranging the elements of the potassium channel: the T1 domain occludes the cytoplasmic face of the channel

The voltage-gated potassium channel is currently one of the few membrane proteins where functional roles have been mapped onto specific segments of sequence. Although high-resolution structures of the transmembrane portions of three bacterial potassium channels, the tetramerization domain and the cytoplasmic ball are available, their relative spatial arrangement in mammalian channels remains a matter of ongoing debate. Cryo-electron microscopic images of the six transmembrane voltage-gated Kv channel have been reconstructed at up to 18 Å resolution, revealing that the T1 domain tetramerizes and is suspended below the transmembrane segments. However, the resolution of these images is insufficient to reveal the location of the third piece of the puzzle, the inactivating ball domain. We have used the aberrant interactions observed in a series of chimæric channels to establish that an assembled T1 domain restricts access to the cytoplasmic face of the channel, suggesting that the N-terminal ball and chain may be confined in the space between the T1 domain and the transmembrane portion of the channel.     

Separation of the pineal vesicle from the wall of the third ventricle during the post-hatching development of the chicken

Summary According to light- and electron-microscopic observations the pineal organ of the 3-day-old chicken consists of a prominent end vesicle and a tapering parenchymal stalk. During this stage the pineal lumen is in open communication with the third ventricle. However, in the 40-day-old chicken, which still possesses a well-developed end vesicle, the proximal portion of the pineal stalk displays regressive changes leading to local fragmentation. At this stage the pineal stalk is reduced, and the pineal lumen is missing. In 1-year-old chickens the parenchyma of the proximal portion of the stalk is further diminished, and in 3-year-old domestic fowl is completely displaced by bundles of collagenous fibers, only some nerve fibers being present. This post-hatching pineal development may reflect the sequence of changes leading from pineal sense organs to pineal glands.This work was supported by a grant-in-aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan     

On the Dependence of the Quadratic Risk of the Classical Predictor and the Prediction-Horizon

When constructing predictors on the basis of the linear model of time series of various indicators often the question arises on the dependence of forecasting accuracy and the changing prediction horizon. The dependency of the quadratic risk of the classical predictor and the time horizon is considered.     

中国植物区系与其它地区区系的联系及其在世界区系中的地位和作用

基于吴征镒将中国全部种子植物３２３８个属的分布区划分为１５个大类型和３４个变型的基础上,简要地讨论了中国植物区系与其它地区区系的联系,以及它在被子植物起源方面的作用。主要论点如下：（１）与热带亚洲区系的联系。这种联系主要通过第７类型（热带亚洲分布）及其５个变型来体现的。本文列举了１０个科,龙脑香料、狭义隐翼科、交让木科、五隔草科、五列木科、肉实树科、心翼果科、八宝树科、兰花蕉科和四数木科,来说明这