新疆两种光脉赤眼蜂雌性触角超微结构比较(膜翅目:赤眼蜂科)

观察并描述了采自新疆的土耳其光脉赤眼蜂Aphelinoidea anatolica Nowicki和沙湾光脉赤眼蜂AphelinoideashawanicaHuetLin雌蜂触角的超微结构特征,结果显示2种光脉赤眼蜂雌性触角上的感器种类、数目及形状存在差异,这种差异可以作为种类鉴定的参考依据。同时提供了新疆光脉赤眼蜂属分种检索表及电镜扫描图片。     

新疆光脉赤眼蜂属种类记述(膜翅目:赤眼蜂科)

本文简述了光脉赤眼蜂属Aphelinoidea Girault的研究历史及现状,并描述了采自新疆的光脉赤眼蜂属3个种,其中有1新种,2中国新记录种,同时提供了新疆光脉赤眼蜂属分种的分类检索表,另附主要形态特征图。所有标本保存在福建农林大学生物防治研究所。1．长翅光脉赤眼蜂Aphelinoidea dolichoptera (Novicky),中国新记录(图1)Aphelinoidea dolichoptera(Novicky),1933,Polsk.Pismo Ent.12:4。观察标本：1♀,2♂♂,新疆新源县,2001-Ⅵ-01,吴卫网扫;1♂,新疆乌鲁木齐市,2001-Ⅶ-25,崔卫东网扫。2．沙湾光脉赤眼蜂Aphelinoidea shawanica,新种(图2)本种与Aphelinoidea subexserta Novicky很相似,但本种前翅的缘毛较长,翅面纤毛较稀少;产卵管明显露出：触角棒节基部深褐色,端部淡黄色。正模：♀,新疆沙湾县,2001-Ⅶ-14,胡红英网扫;副模：1♀,同正模;2♀♀,新疆温泉县,2001Ⅶ-16,胡红英网扫;2♀♀,石河子市150团,2001-Ⅶ-12,胡红英网扫。3．土耳其光脉赤眼蜂Aphelinoidea anatolica Novicky,中国新记录(图3)Aphelinoidea natolica Novicky,1936,Zeit．Angew.Ent．Berlin．23：144．观察标本：2♀♀,1♂,新疆沙湾县,2001-Ⅶ-14,胡红英网扫;1♀,新疆温泉县,2001-Ⅶ-12,胡红英网扫;1♀,石河子市150团,2001-Ⅶ-12,胡红英网扫;4♀♀,3♂♂,新疆新源县,2001-Ⅶ-01,吴卫网扫;1♀,新疆呼图壁县,1999-Ⅷ-27,林乃铨网扫;1♂,新疆五家渠市,2001-Ⅶ-26,孙涛网扫;1♂,新疆和静县,2001-Ⅷ-08,胡红英网扫。2♀♀,新疆和硕县,2001-Ⅷ-07,胡红英网扫;3♀♀,3♂♂,新疆博湖县,2001-Ⅷ-07,胡红英网扫。     

尖角赤眼蜂属一新种及折脉宽翅赤眼蜂雌性记述(膜翅目:赤眼蜂科)

报道寄生拟隐脉叶蝉Sophonia spp.卵的尖角赤眼蜂属1新种,隐脉叶蝉赤眼蜂Hispidophila sophoniae sp.nov.,同时首次描述折脉宽翅赤眼蜂Ufens rimatus Linr的雌性特征,所有研究标本已制片,保存福建农林大学生物防治研究所。     

中国断脉赤眼蜂属一新种记述（膜翅目：赤眼蜂科）

断脉赤眼蜂属Mirufens系Girault 1915年以M.dentipes作为属的模式种建立的。迄今全世界已知有11种,分布于澳大利亚、印度、斯里兰卡、叙利亚、欧洲及中国。该属的主要特征:雌虫触角由9节组成,其结构式为:柄节:梗节:环状节:索节:棒状节=1:1:2:2:3。雄虫触角10节,比雌虫触角末端多1小节,其索节及棒状节具有轮生的长毛,与雌性明显不同。前翅宽阔,翅端圆,缘毛短,缘脉与翅的前缘紧接或分离,缘前脉与缘脉之间有一明显的断裂痕。前足胫节外缘具有一行齿列。此属在中国仅知台湾省有1未定名种(林桂瑞,1981),大陆地区尚无分布记录。本文报道采自辽宁沈阳的断脉赤眼蜂属1新种。模式标本存于沈阳农业大学昆虫标本室。     

韩国新纪录属纹翅赤眼蜂属及一新种记述(膜翅目,赤眼蜂科)

首次报道了纹翅赤眼蜂属Lathromeris Foerster在韩国的分布,并记述了1个新种Lathromeris koreanica Hu,Lin et Kim与1个新纪录种Lathromeris germanica Girault.新种Lathromeris Koreanica与Lathromeris tumicalvata Lin相似,但新种缘前脉到痣脉下有明显的暗褐色斑块;缘前脉端部1/4处和缘脉基部1/9处有断痕.     

赤眼蜂的个体发育

赤眼蜂Trichogramma devderolimi Matsumura属膜翅目、小蜂总科、赤眼蜂科、赤眼蜂属,是一种寄生在昆虫卵内的寄生蜂.赤眼蜂在农业、林业中是应用价值很大的一种益虫,其不仅分布很广,而且广性寄生.赤眼蜂成虫将卵产在害虫(寄主)卵内,使害虫的卵不能孵化,从而达到消灭害虫的目的.由于用它来防治农林害虫具有饲养方便、繁殖快、省劳力、无公害、效果好等特点,已成为综合防治虫害的一项重要内容.     

韩国新纪录属拟纹赤眼蜂属及一新种记述(膜翅目,赤眼蜂科)

首次报道了拟纹赤眼蜂属Lathromeroidea Girault在韩国的分布,并记述了1新种,多齿拟纹赤眼蜂Lathromeriodea multidenta sp.nov.。新种与L.ajmerensis Yousuf＆Shafee相似,但新种痣脉短于缘脉的一半,痣后脉较为发达,产卵器着生于腹部腹面基部;新种与L.silvarum Nowicki也相似,但前者个体较大,上颚具5齿,第3～5节棒节长度比例也不相同。正模标本保存于韩国首尔国立大学无脊椎动物资源库,副模保存于新疆大学生命科学与技术学院昆虫研究室。     

中国东北地区赤眼蜂科二新种(膜翅目:小蜂总科)

作者在研究中国东北地区眼蜂科分类过程中,发现伊赤眼蜂属Ittys Girault和寡索赤眼蜂属Oligosita Walker各一新种,分别命名为毛足伊赤眼蜂Ittys multiciliautus sp.nov。和短翅寡索赤眼蜂Oligosita brevialata sp.nov.,对新种进行了详细描述,并附有形态特征图。模式标本均巳制片,存于沈阳农业大学昆虫标本室。     

毛角赤眼蜂属一新种记述(膜翅目,赤眼蜂科)

简述了毛角赤眼蜂属Neocentrobiella Girault的研究历史及现状,描述了采自海南儋州的毛角赤眼蜂属1新种,并附主要形态特征图,模式标本保存于福建农林大学生物防治研究所。为了便于鉴别本属的已知种类,本文同时编制了已知种类的鉴别检索表。     

赤眼蜂分子鉴定技术研究

通过对6种常见赤眼蜂,即松毛虫赤眼蜂Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura、玉米螟赤眼蜂T. ostriniae Pang et Chen、螟黄赤眼蜂T. chilonis Ishii、广赤眼蜂T. evanescens Westwood、甘蓝夜蛾赤眼蜂T. brassicae Bezdenko及食胚赤眼蜂T. embryophagum (Hartig)之核糖体核糖核酸基因第二内部转录区（rDNA-ITS2）的克隆测序,调用GenBank中同源序列,对不同蜂种的rDNA-ITS2序列进行了多重排比和聚类,探讨了rDNA-ITS2用于赤眼蜂属不同种系统进化关系分析及赤眼蜂分子鉴定的可行性。为了考察rDNA-ITS2在赤眼蜂种下水平鉴定上的可能性,作者收集了我国常见的松毛虫赤眼蜂6个地理种群（黑龙江亚布力、吉林长春、吉林仁和、陕西长安、江苏徐州、广东广州）,采用相同方法测定了它们的rDNA-ITS2序列。序列分析结果表明,赤眼蜂种下阶元ITS2序列非常保守,而种间存在明显的遗传差异。通过外群比较发现,rDNA-ITS2只适合于赤眼蜂种一级的分子鉴定。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.     

（鱼句）亚科花（鱼骨）型鱼类骨骼系统的比较

对我国花型Hemibarbuspattern鱼类作了骨骼系统比较,结果表明,此类型鱼类脑颅较长,副蝶骨平直或稍弯曲,眶蝶骨腹纵嵴发达(铜鱼Coreius septentrionalis例外),下颞窝和咽突中等大,基枕骨后突发达;脑颅中的上筛骨的后突、侧筛骨的外筛突,蝶耳骨的外突、上耳骨的后突、围眶骨和后颞窝等均有明显的差异;咽颅中的舌颌骨、尾舌骨、鳃盖骨和下咽齿的列数等又有显著的区别;附肢骨骼中的腰带骨、脊椎骨中的复合神经骨和第4椎骨腹侧的悬器等也有不同之处。据此,这些差异和区别可作为属间或种间的分类依据。