高黎贡山雉类生境预测

物种分布信息对野生动物的保护和管理至关重要。基于物种访查数据和气候数据,采用基于物种生境偏好、利比希最小因子定律和谢尔福德耐受性定律构建的生态位模型,综合考虑物种出现点和环境变量,预测了高黎贡山白尾梢虹雉Lophophorus sclateri、血雉Ithaginis cruentus、白鹇Lophura nycthemera、白腹锦鸡Chrysolophus amherstiae的潜在分布区域。结果表明,模型对4种雉类的预测均达到较好效果;白尾梢虹雉、血雉、白鹇和白腹锦鸡的潜在生境总面积分别为6 432 km^2、8 464 km^2、9 573 km^2和13 691 km^2,白鹇和白腹锦鸡的潜在生境面积大于白尾梢虹雉和血雉,但后两者具有更多的高质量生境。高黎贡山北段是4种雉类潜在生境的重叠区,为高黎贡山雉类保护的优先区域,尤其是白尾梢虹雉,建议加大该区域的雉类调查和保护力度。     

高黎贡山白尾梢虹雉繁殖生态观察

2002-2004年连续3个春季在高黎贡山自然保护区对白尾梢虹雉(Lophophorus sclateri)的繁殖习性进行了观察,对白尾梢虹雉的巢、卵和雏鸟进行了详细描述.在高黎贡山南段,白尾梢虹雉的产卵孵化始于3月底,止于5月初,窝卵数为2～3枚,孵卵期为28 d.窝卵数低、适宜巢址缺乏有可能是白尾梢虹雉种群增长缓慢...     

高黎贡山白尾梢虹雉生境利用的初步观察

１９９７年４￣６月在高黎贡山大塘用鸣声监听和样带,样方法对白尾梢虹雉的生境利用情况做了初步观察。此间白尾梢虹雉主要活动在海拔３３００￣３６００ｍ的箭竹林内,鸣叫集中在１１：００￣１７：００,取食贝母,多星韭,牛尾独活,高山羌活,紫花百合,七筋姑等植物的地上或地下部分。     

基于野外影像的白尾梢虹雉换羽研究

白尾梢虹雉Lophophorus sclateri是一种狭域分布的高山雉类，尚未开展过换羽研究。2014—2019年，利用红外相机在云南高黎贡山收集了白尾梢虹雉的64张野外独立有效照片和9段视频，发现白尾梢虹雉繁殖不同步，不同巢出雏时间相差可达1个月，5月出雏较多；刚出雏的雏鸟飞羽有明显羽片，6月完成雏后换羽、9月完成稚后换羽；成鸟5月开始更换尾羽，10月更换完毕，从第5枚尾羽开始向两侧更换，兼具向心型和离心型的特点；雄性存在羽毛延迟成熟现象，可用状态信号假说解释。本研究首次报道了野生白尾梢虹雉的换羽特征和雄性个体的羽毛延迟成熟现象，表明红外相机影像可为雉类换羽提供时间和羽毛形态特征数据，这为野生雉类的换羽研究提供了新思路。     

高黎贡山白尾梢虹雉春季食谱及食物营养成分分析

白尾梢虹雉是东喜马拉雅地区特有珍稀雉类,本文运用粪样显微分析方法研究了该种雉类春季的食谱,并对栖息地中部分常见植物进行了营养成分分析,以探讨营养成分对白尾梢虹雉取食偏好的影响。粪检结果表明白尾梢虹雉春季食谱中至少有23种植物种类,从3月到5月食谱结构逐渐变化,体现在植物的叶逐渐取代根成为主要取食部位,这与高山草甸植被的季节相关,因为高黎贡山地区5月初进入雨季后草本植物才大量萌发。植物营养成分中的粗脂肪和钙元素与白尾梢虹雉的取食偏好显著正相关,推测分别与食物的适口性和繁殖期的钙消耗相关。     

笼养白尾梢虹雉的行为活动观察

采用扫描取样法和全事件取样法对1对笼养白尾梢虹雉（Lophophorus scalteri)进行了为期1年的观察,结果表明：笼养白尾梢虹雉日活动高峰出现在早晚,低谷在午后,呈明显的日节律;在一年中不同月份各种行为所占时间比例也有变化,呈明显的年活动节律;在为期1年的观察中,白尾梢虹雉各种行为所占时间比例分别为静栖39.88%、取食23.57%、观望14.02%、运动10.36%、身体护理8.08%、其他行为4.09%,其时间分配受性别、季节等多种因子的影响。     

白尾梢虹雉国内首次人工饲养繁殖成功

探讨了白尾梢虹雉人工引种的环境,管理,育雏,雏鸟羽毛生长等过程。     

云南黑颈长尾雉分布及栖息地类型调查

黑颈长尾雉是鸡形目鸟类中的濒危物种,分布局限于印度东北部、缅甸北部、泰国西北部和中国西南部。在中国,该雉仅栖息于广西西部和云南中部、西部及南部地区。１９９２年至１９９５年在云南对黑颈长尾雉的分布及栖息生境进行了专门的调查,共有１３县１８个地点记录到黑颈长尾雉分布。通过访问还获得一些可能有黑颈长尾雉分布但需进一步证实的地点。黑颈长尾雉在云南的栖息生境主要有热带季雨林、亚热带常绿阔叶林、暖温性针叶林、     

基于线粒体细胞色素b基因序列的虹雉属鸟类的系统发育关系

通过雉科虹雉属(Lophophorus)、角雉属(Tragopan)、勺鸡属(Pucrasia)和血雉属(Ithaginis)7种鸟类的细胞色素b(cyt b)基因序列比较,构建的虹雉属及其近缘属的分子系统树表明：①3种虹雉构成一个单系群(monophyletic group),虹雉属与角雉属、勺鸡属构成一个单系群;②虹雉属内分为白尾梢虹雉,以及棕尾虹雉和绿尾虹雉两个演化枝。综合分子系统学、地理分布格局和形态学的证据,推测虹雉属鸟类起源于中国的横断山脉,其中繁衍生活在原地的一枝演化为白尾梢虹雉;另一枝则分别进入喜马拉雅山区(西)和中国西南部(东),向西的演化为棕尾虹雉,向东的则为绿尾虹雉。     

云南黑颈长尾雉(Syrmaticus humiae)分布及栖息地类型调查

黑颈长尾雉是鸡形目鸟类中的濒危物种,分布局限于印度东北部、缅甸北部、泰国西北部和中国西南部。在中国,该雉仅栖息于广西西部和云南中部、西部及南部地区。１９９２年至１９９５年在云南对黑颈长尾雉的分布及栖息生境进行了专门的调查,共有１３县１８个地点记录到黑颈长尾雉分布。通过访问还获得一些可能有黑颈长尾雉分布但需进一步证实的地点。黑颈长尾雉在云南的栖息生境主要有热带季雨林、亚热带常绿阔叶林、暖温性针叶林、暖热性针叶林和落叶阔叶林等５种类型。栖息地丧失和高强度狩猎是导致黑颈长尾雉濒危的主要原因,如欲有效保护该物种,不仅要注意保护其栖息地,更要严格控制非法狩猎。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.