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1.
西藏拉鲁湿地夏季土壤线虫群落特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
2010年6–7月,对拉鲁湿地5个样点的土壤动物进行了调查,共捕获土壤线虫10183条,隶属于2纲6目8科14属,其中真矛线属(Eudorylaimus)、似绕线属(Anaplectus)、地单宫属(Geomonhystera)为优势类群,占土壤线虫总个体数的62.23%。营养类群有食细菌线虫和捕食-杂食线虫。不同样点中,土壤线虫的类群数和个体数垂直分布差异显著(P<0.05),大小顺序为0–5 cm>5–15 cm。5个样点的土壤线虫Shannon-Weiner多样性指数(H′)依次为3#>5#>4#>1#>2#。5个样点间土壤线虫群落的相似程度为极不相似到中等不相似(S值在0.154–0.667)。  相似文献   

2.
湖南永州地区不同生境条件下钙质土土壤动物多样性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对湖南永州5种不同生境条件的钙质土土壤动物多样性进行了调查。共获得土壤动物2 024只,隶属于4门10纲30目,其中线虫类、蜱螨类、弹尾类为优势类群,占总捕量的66.10%;常见类群9类,占总捕量的27.17%。从水平分布上看,5种生境相似程度较大,其中尤以苗圃和杉木林、苗圃和柏树林、苗圃和荒地之间的相似程度较高。从垂直分布上看,5种生境中只有苗圃地较为明显,而各种生境中土壤动物具有明显的表聚性。苗圃、杉木林、柏树林3种生境土壤动物群落的多样性及均匀度呈基本一致趋势,且各生境间差别不大。  相似文献   

3.
衡阳盆地土壤动物多样性研究   总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4  
对衡阳盆地紫色页岩土壤 9种生境中的土壤动物进行了调查研究 ,共获得土壤动物35 85只 ,隶属于 4门 8纲 39目 ,其中线虫类、蜱螨类为优势类群 ,占总捕量的 5 0 2 4 % ;常见类群 1 2类 ,占总捕量的 4 4 0 1 %。从土壤动物水平分布上看 ,9种生境相似程度较大 ,其中尤以芦竹林和桃树林、阔叶林和桉树林、芦竹林和桉树林之间相似程度更突出。从土壤动物垂直分布上看 ,9种生境中只有桃树林、柑桔林垂直分布较为明显 ,而各种生境中土壤动物具有明显的表聚性。芦竹林、柑桔林、桉树林、菜地、阔叶林和桃树林 6种生境土壤动物群落的多样性及均匀度呈基本一致的趋势 ,且各生境间差别不大  相似文献   

4.
乌鲁木齐雅玛里克山土壤动物群落结构及其多样性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了查明不同海拔高度对土壤动物群落多样性及其时空动态的影响,对乌鲁木齐雅玛里克山6种不同海拔高度样带土壤动物群落进行了调查分析,以探讨雅玛里克山土壤动物群落结构与不同海拔高度之间的关系.结果表明,共获得大、中小型土壤动物7 375只,隶属于6门16纲35目,其中真螨目(52.28%)和弹尾目(15.61%)为优势类群,共占总捕获量的67.89%,而寄螨目(8.37%)、三肠目(7.78%)、膜翅目(2.74%)、茅线目(1.53%)、双翅目幼虫(1.48%)、垫刃目(1.27%)、鞘翅目(1.11%)及半翅目(1.07%)等8类为常见类群,占总捕获量的25.35%,其余的25类为稀有类群,占总捕获量的6.76%.在6种不同海拔样带土壤动物个体数和类群数之间存在显著差异(P<0.05),个体数顺序为:样带A>样带B>样带C>样带E>样带D>样带F,而类群数顺序为:样带A>样带B>样带C>样带D>样带E>样带F.3个不同季节有明显的差异(P<0.01),其个体数依次为秋>春>夏.在6种不同高度样带和不同生境土壤动物群落多样性指标之间存在差异(P<0.05).组间聚类和排序结果表明,将6种不同海拔高度生境分为山底生境型、山中生境型及山顶生境型等三大类型.  相似文献   

5.
南充高坪机场土壤及草丛动物群落特征和鸟类的关系   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
机场鸟类是机场安全的重大隐患,减少机场附近鸟类数量是机场安全至关重要的一环.2007年4~12月,对南充高坪机场3种生境土壤动物和草丛动物群落组成、数量和季节性变化特征进行了初步的研究.调查共获得土壤动物25类,其中蜱螨目、原尾目、线虫纲为土壤动物群落优势类群,占年总捕获量的71.88%;常见类群有弹尾目、线蚓科、腹足纲、膜翅目、双翅目、鞘翅目、蚯蚓、蜘蛛目,直翅目9类,占总捕获量的22.84%.地表草丛动物21类,其中半翅目、蜘蛛目、双翅目、腹足纲为地表草丛动物的优势类群,占年捕获量的65.7%;常见类群有直翅目、鞘翅目、同翅目、膜翅目、鳞翅目、革翅目、弹尾目7类,占总捕获量的31.2%.将土壤动物群落、草丛动物群落与肉食性鸟类进行相关分析,结果显示土壤动物群落变化与肉食性鸟类群落之间有一定关系;草丛动物数量与肉食性数量鸟类呈现一定正相关性,机场肉食性鸟类数量与直翅目数量呈显著的正相关关系(r=0.910,P=0.032).结合机场区域鸟类食性观察、分析,直翅目、腹足纲动物是机场肉食性鸟类数量的主要捕食对象,通过定期割草、消除腐草和杂物、喷洒农药控制地表草丛动物是减少机场区域肉食性鸟类数量的有效方法和途径.  相似文献   

6.
上海虹桥机场土壤及草丛动物群落特征和鸟类关系研究   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6  
20 0 0年 4月至 2 0 0 1年 3月 ,对上海虹桥机场草地土壤动物和草丛动物群落的组成、数量和季节性变化特征进行了初步的研究。土壤动物有节肢动物门、软体动物门、环节动物门等 12个目或类。其中蜱螨目和弹尾目为常年土壤动物群落的优势类群 ,各占年总捕量的 19.75 %和 2 3.14 % ;蚯蚓、多足纲、等足目、膜翅目、鞘翅目为常见类群 ,5类全年占总捕量的 4 8.96 %。草丛动物有 15目或类。其中鞘翅目、直翅目、半翅目、同翅目、膜翅目、双翅目以及蜘蛛目为草丛动物群落的优势类群 ,占全年总捕量的89.6 3%。草丛动物类群数和个体数总体表现为 :7月 >9月 >5月 >4月 >12月 >3月。土壤动物和草丛动物的分布与生境密切相关。所捕的 2 2类草地动物中 ,可直接被鸟类捕食的有近 2 0类 ,主要为生活于草地常见类群中 ,因此 ,草地的生境以及草地动物的分布是吸引鸟类到机场栖息和摄食的主要原因。降低草高、减少结实的植物、控制土壤动物的密度是减少机场区鸟类数量的有效方法和途径。  相似文献   

7.
乌鲁木齐市水磨沟公园土壤动物群落多样性研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
为了研究水磨沟公园土壤动物群落结构,于2006年4月15日至9月21日在水磨沟公园不同高度选择3个取样区,每个取样区设立两个不同的取样点,采集了0~5、5~10、10~15cm3个不同层次的大中型土壤动物.共获得土壤动物1153个,分别属于3门8纲18目,其中鞘翅目、中腹足目、小引类为优势类群,占全捕量的61%.蜘蛛目、伪蝎目、半翅目为稀有类群,仅占总捕获量的2.34%,其余为常见类群.分析表明,在不同高度土壤动物群落物种组成和多样性之间有明显的区别;山顶土壤动物个体数量和群落物种多样性指数明显的高于山地土壤动物个体数量和群落物种多样性指数.同时随着土壤深度的增加土壤动物物种数量逐步减少,表现出明显的垂直分布特征.  相似文献   

8.
曲阜孔林土壤动物多样性研究   总被引:33,自引:4,他引:29  
对曲阜孔林土壤动物进行了调查研究。共获标本5456只,隶属于5门11纲24目,其中优势类群3类,常见类群8类,占总捕量的95.12%,4种生境土壤动物种类组成极为相似,在垂直分布上具有明显的表聚性。在多样性分析中,H,E指标在各生境表现为杂木林〉侧柏林〉麻柏林〉林缘草地;在整个孔林中大型土壤动物H,E远大于中小型土壤动物。  相似文献   

9.
大金山岛属上海市金山三岛海洋生态保护区,岛上土壤未受到人为活动的污染。为了解不同自然植被类型下土壤动物群落结构组成及其生态分布,于2015年秋季在大金山岛竹林、乔木林和灌木林的南、北坡中分别进行土壤动物采样。结果显示:6个样地共捕获土壤动物12,769只,隶属于28个类群,优势类群为蜱螨亚纲和弹尾纲,分别占总捕获量的70.15%和19.27%;常见类群有原尾纲、半翅目、膜翅目和线蚓科,占总捕获量的7.06%。北坡和南坡优势类群均为蜱螨亚纲(74.26%、65.32%)和弹尾纲(16.52%、22.49%),但常见类群和稀有类群存在一定差异。不同植被类型土壤动物的群落结构组成存在一定差异,但无论是北坡还是南坡密度均为灌木林乔木林竹林,类群数变化为灌木林竹林乔木林。无论北坡还是南坡,不同植被类型下土壤动物群落生态指数各不相同,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Simpson优势度指数均为灌木林乔木林竹林。大金山岛灌木林中土壤动物群落多样性高于乔木林和竹林,很可能与灌木林中较为适宜的微环境有关。  相似文献   

10.
不同土地利用方式下土壤动物群落的聚类与排序   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
对广州天河城市化地区林地、草地和农田3种土地利用方式下,6个代表性的样地中小型土壤动物群落进行了调查,共捕获中小型土壤动物1623个,共26个类群,其中线虫纲( Nematoda)、蜱螨目(Acarina)和弹尾目(Collembola)为优势类群,共占总捕获量的79.1%.不同样地生境中土壤动物的类群组成以及个体数不同.总体来看,林地、农田、草地土壤动物群落的Shannon多样性指数、复杂性指数均依次降低,Pielou均匀性指数、Margalef丰富度指数均以林地为最高.对土壤动物的聚类和排序结果表明,研究区中小型土壤动物可划分为4大类,其中第1类由3种优势类群组成;第一、二排序轴分别反映了土壤理化性质、土地利用类型(以人类干扰程度不同为主要特征)对土壤动物组成及分布的影响.  相似文献   

11.
Sixty-four species of Acari were extracted by wet sieving and salt flotation from soil in four barley plots sampled on five occasions between 23 May and 15 August 1975. Over half the species were Prostigmata. The most abundant species wereScutacarus longiusculus (Karafiat) (Scutacaridae, Prostigmata),Bakerdania gracilis (Krczal) (Pygmephoridae, Prostigmata), andTyrophagus longior (Gervais) (Acaridae, Astigmata).Only three species (B. gracilis, T. longior andPseudopygmephorus sellnicki (Krczal) (Pygmephoridae)) contributed more than 2% of the individuals and occurred in more than 25% of the samples in all plots.Mean population densities ranged from 41 to 216 thousand/m2, with highest density occurring in a conventionally ploughed and cultivated plot and lowest in a direct drilled plot. Prostigmata accounted for 46–85% of the total populations in the various plots.Twelve species were recorded from decaying crop residues on the soil surface; these included some of the most abundant species recorded from growing barley in a related study. Soil and crop residues were the main sources of most of the dominant species colonizing the growing barley crop.The barley plots had greater numbers of Prostigmata and Astigmata but fewer Cryptostigmata and Mesostigmata than were extracted by a high gradient canister technique from adjacent grass ley pasture sampled in its second and third years (1976 and 1977). Biomass in the older ley was far greater than in the barley. There were higher numbers of species of intermediate relative abundance (0.1–5%) in the ley, indicating more mature communities than in the barley plots.  相似文献   

12.
Çinar  Melih Ertan  Katagan  Tuncer  Ergen  Zeki  Sezgin  Murat 《Hydrobiologia》2002,472(1-3):107-117
The cavities and outer surfaces of 20 individuals of the sponge Sarcotragus muscarum collected from the Turkish Aegean coast during July–September 1993 contained a total of 148 zoobenthic species with 5299 individuals belonging to seven taxonomic groups. Among these, Polychaeta accounted for 60% of the total number of species, while Crustacea comprised 71% of the total number of individuals and 40% of the wet weight of biomass. The amphipod and decapod crustaceans Tritaeta gibbosa and Synalpheus gambarelloides, and the bivalve Hiatella arctica, were the most abundant species on the sponge samples both in terms of number of individuals and biomass values. The community structure inside the sponges was greatly influenced by the nature of the substratum around the sponge, and by the overwhelming population of the Lessepsian echinoderm Ophiactis savignyi. Number of species, biomass and diversity index values were found to be positively related to the sponge volume. Mean density and biomass of the associated taxa are 0.22 ind cm–3 and 11.63 mg cm–3, respectively.  相似文献   

13.
Amphipoda and Isopoda were sampled in 40 Tunisian wetlands, and their fauna were compared at four different types: lagoon, sebkhas, dams and hill reservoir. At each station, eight quadrates of 50 × 50 cm were randomly placed. Amphipoda and Isopoda were collected by hand. They were identified to species level. At each station, analyses of organic matter, sodium, calcium and heavy metals content from the soil collected in each station were performed. We recorded 19 and eight species for respectively Isopoda and Amphipoda and caught 3,035 specimens in total. The highest isopod's species richness (11 species) was noted around hill reservoirs and dams, a quite similar richness in the banks of lagoons (10 species) but only six species in the sebkhas. Eight amphipod species were recorded in the supralittoral zone of lagoons, three species around sebkhas but no amphipods were found in samples from dams and hill reservoirs. Isopod species richness was positively correlated with soil humidity. However, the distribution of the species Orchestia mediterranea, Orchestia gammarellus, Orchestia montagui, Orchestia stephenseni and Platorchestia platensis was related to soil metal concentrations.  相似文献   

14.
The species composition and density of seeds in the soil of a climax evergeen oak forest in the Kasugayama Forest Reserve, Nara, Japan were studied by directly extracting seeds from soil samples and using soil samples in planting boxes as the basis of germination tests. A total of 33 species were identified from all seeds collected in 6 stands: 11 evergreen broadleaf, 15 deciduous broadleaf, 2 coniferous, 2 liana, 1 herb, and 2 grass species. Species producing sap fruits and dry fruits accounted for 60% and 40% of the total number of species, respectively. The species composition of all the seeds was independent of the species composition of the forest vegetation. The mean density of the seeds was 22,134 seeds/m2·5 cm.Eurya japonica, of which seeds were found in all soil samples, was the most abundant species, followed byCryptomeria japonica, Ilex micrococca, andBoehmeria longispica. Pioneer species such asMallotus japonicus, Zanthoxylum ailanthoides, andAralia elata were found in all soil samples in spite of the paucity of adult trees in the forest. Seeds of evergreen oaks were relatively aboundant but no viable seeds were found. ViableE. japonica, I. micrococca, Symplocos prunifolia, andB. longispica seeds were abundant.  相似文献   

15.
The species composition in the soil seed bank of degraded hillslopes in southern Wello, Ethiopia, was assessed using the seedling emergence method and compared with that of the standing vegetation. Surface soils were sampled at 0‐to 5‐cm depth from 49 plots of four physiognomic vegetation classes (hereafter vegetation classes): forests, shrublands, grasslands, and degraded sites. Soils were spread on sterile sand in a glasshouse and watered. Emerging seedlings were recorded for five months until no new seedlings emerged. A total of 3969 seedlings belonging to 71 species and 30 families germinated. The species composition of the seed bank was dominated by 53 herb species (75%) compared to 2 tree species which accounted for only 3 percent of the total number of species. Seedling density differed significantly among vegetation classes and ranged from 391 to 7807 seeds/m2. Mean species richness also differed significantly among the vegetation classes. Forty‐two species were found to be common to the seed banks and the standing vegetation; however, correspondence between species numbers and composition of the seed banks and the standing vegetation was poor. Although most of the species that germinated in the seed banks were herbs and grasses, they can develop a vegetative cover and contribute to reduction of soil erosion. Regeneration of the tree species (some of which have seed viability up to four years) however, requires both time and the presence of mature individuals. Together with hillside closure and soil conservation measures (e.g., terracing), planting of native woody seedlings might help to expedite rehabilitation of degraded hillslopes devoid of trees and shrubs.  相似文献   

16.
新疆玛纳斯河流域土壤螨类群落多样性   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2  
为探究玛纳斯河流域不同生境土壤螨类群落多样性及其时空特征,采用野外采样和改进的Tullgren法采集土壤螨类进行分类鉴定及比较分析。结果,共采集土壤螨类33208只,隶属4亚目86科140属。其中Ceratozetes和Oribatula为优势类群。不同垂直带生境土壤螨类个体数量和类群数量之间差异显著(P0.05),个体数依次为ⅥⅪⅧⅨⅠⅩⅦⅣⅤⅡⅢⅫ。垂直分布表明不同土层间的个体数差异极显著(P0.01),土壤螨类主要集中分布于表层土壤。不同生境土壤螨类在不同季节均有显著差异(P0.05),个体数依次为9月4月7月11月。在12种不同生境之间土壤螨类群落多样性指标均有显著差异(P0.05),Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)依次为ⅠⅤⅣⅥⅢⅩⅡⅨⅧⅦⅪⅫ,而Margalef(M)丰富度指数依次为ⅠⅥⅢⅩⅪⅧⅤⅣⅦⅡⅨⅫ。不同生境土壤螨类群落间的相似性处于中等不相似。结果表明研究流域不同垂直带生境土壤螨类群落多样性具有明显的生境和季节变化特征。  相似文献   

17.
This study develops a feasible method for evaluating coarse root biomass (roots >2 mm diameter) of well established plantations of eucalypts and then examines coarse root biomass variability across tree age and size, fertilization treatment, species and site for Eucalyptus globulus and E. nitens in Tasmania, Australia. The most efficient sampling protocol consisted of rootball excavation and soil coring for bulk coarse roots, which when compared with total tree excavation estimated total coarse root biomass contained inside the sampled area to within 10%. Across all treatments, an average of 76% of the coarse root biomass was located within the rootball. The majority (>65%) of the coarse roots outside the rootball were located in the surface 20 cm of soil. When size class distribution was examined, 75% of coarse root biomass was found to occur in the larger (20+ mm) diameter size class, a size class that displayed considerable spatial heterogeneity. At the stand level, coarse root biomass ranged from 2.18 to 7.38 kg m -2 depending primarily on tree size but also on fertilization treatment, species and site. It is estimated that allocation to coarse root biomass production was around 0.2 kg m -2 year -1 (around 6% of estimated NPP) for the E. nitens stands examined in this study and around 1 kg m -2 year -1 (around 20% of estimated NPP) for the E. globulus stand examined. Robust relationships using above-ground parameters could be used to predict coarse root biomass regardless of fertilization or site, but species changed the relationship.  相似文献   

18.
Abstract. We used a forest chronosequence at the Barro Colorado Nature Monument (BCNM) to examine changes in the abundance and species composition of seeds in the soil during forest succession. At each of eight sites varying from 20 yr to 100 yr since abandonment, and at two old-growth (> 500 yr) forest stands, we established two 160-m transects and sampled the surface 0–3 cm of soil in cores collected at each 5 m interval. Seed densities were estimated from the number of seedlings germinated from the soil over a six-week period. Contrary to expectation, neither the density of the soil seed bank, nor species richness or diversity were directly related to age since abandonment, but the density of the soil seed bank was correlated with the abundance of seed-bank-forming species in the standing vegetation. In marked contrast to published studies, herbaceous taxa were rare even in the youngest stands, and the common tree species, which accounted for most seeds in the soil, were present in all stands. The pioneer tree Miconia argentea (Melastomataceae) was the single most common species in the seed bank, accounting for 62% of seeds and present in 92% of soil samples. Rapid recovery of the vegetation of young regrowth stands on BCNM, when compared to sites elsewhere may be partly due to allochthonous seed rain from nearby mature forest stands and the lack of seed inputs of weeds and grasses from agricultural and pasture lands which may inhibit forest succession.  相似文献   

19.
桂东不同林龄马尾松人工林的生物量及其分配特征   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8       下载免费PDF全文
根据5a、15a、21a、32a、60a生的5个不同林龄的15块1 000m2样地(3次重复)调查资料,利用21株不同年龄和径阶的马尾松样木数据,建立以胸径(D)为单变量的生物量回归方程.采用样木回归分析法(乔木层)和样方收获法(灌木层、草本层、地上凋落物)获取不同林龄马尾松人工林的生物量,并分析了其组成、分配特征及不同林龄生物量的变化趋势.结果表明:(1)林分的总生物量随林龄而增加,5a、15a、21a、32a和60a生马尾松人工林生物量分别为15.03、125.93、183.51、191.53、405.31 Mg/hm2,其中活体植物占75.01%~94.19%,地上凋落物占0.86%~24.99%.(2)层次分配方面乔木层占绝对优势,占90.20%~98.35%,且随林龄的增加而增大,其次为地上凋落物,占0.86%~24.99%;草本层和灌木层生物量较小,分别占0.47%~34.85%和0.32%~27.00%,均随林龄的增加呈递减趋势.(3)乔木层器官分配以干所占比例最高,占49.93%~83.10%,且随林龄而增加;根相对比较稳定,占6.97%~12.82%;枝、叶分别占11.75%~14.83%、1.33%~23.65%,均随林龄增大而下降.灌木层器官分配除幼龄林为根>枝>叶,其余的均呈枝>根>叶的趋势.草本层中龄林和近熟林生物量地下>地上,其他林龄生物量地上>地下.(4)各林龄凋落物生物量在3.48~6.68Mg/hm2,规律性不强.(5)马尾松人工林乔木层各器官及林分生物量具有良好的优化增长模型,其32a生林分生物量高于同林龄的楠木人工林,低于热带雨林,是一种速生丰产、固碳潜力大的优良造林树种.  相似文献   

20.
A hoverfly (Syrphidae) community was investigated in a cultivated wheat field and the adjacent hedgerow near Debrecen (Hungary). We monitored the change of species richness and abundance of hoverflies along three transects in the hedgerow and in the wheat field in different distances (10 m, 20 m) from the hedgerow. The effect of sampling methods on the number of hoverfly species and individuals was analyzed. Two sampling methods were used to catch hoverflies: netting and pan traps. The whole sampling period was divided into three subperiods, which are early (22nd April–2nd June), middle (11th June–1st August) and late (6th August–11th September). Altogether 1,214 individuals of 22 species were sampled. Fourteen species with 78% of individuals belonged to the aphidophagous group, feeding on aphids as larvae. Altogether 861 individuals of 22 hoverfly species were sampled by netting and 353 individuals of 10 species by pan traps. The total number of hoverfly species was significant lower in the late period than in the early. The total abundance was higher in the middle period compared to the early. The species richness and abundance of aphidophagous species followed a similar pattern as the total species values. The species richness and abundance of hoverflies were significant higher in 10 m and 20 m distance in the wheat field than along the hedgerow. The results suggest that the pan traps were less efficient in the hedgerow than the netting, but in the wheat field they sampled more hoverflies because of visually alluring effect on hoverflies in the absence of flowers.  相似文献   

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