大螟HSC70基因克隆及表达模式分析

【目的】近年来,大螟Sesamia inferens (Walker)对水稻的为害逐渐加重并成为水稻的重要害虫之一。随着全球气候变暖,大螟的分布区域也在逐渐向北延伸。HSP70家族作为分子伴侣参与生物生长发育并对外界刺激产生响应,对生物功能蛋白质的正确折叠及其转运有着重要意义。本研究旨在明确HSP70家族HSC70基因在大螟不同组织、不同发育阶段以及低温胁迫下的表达差异,初步探讨大螟对环境适应的分子机理。【方法】应用RT-PCR及RACE技术从大螟5龄幼虫中克隆得到HSC70基因;进行基因组验证,得到其基因组序列,分析内含子的位置及大小;应用实时定量PCR技术分析大螟HSC70基因的表达模式。【结果】大螟HSC70基因长2 160 bp,命名为Sihsc70（GenBank登录号：KJ639908）,开放阅读框长1 962 bp,编码653个氨基酸,推测分子量为71.6 kDa。其氨基酸序列中含有3个HSP70家族保守序列,在C-末端存在细胞质定位信号,说明大螟HSC70是细胞质热激蛋白家族成员。大螟HSC70基因组序列长度为3 522 bp（GenBank登录号：KJ639909）,含有2个内含子,长度分别为685 bp（位于编码区上游）和803 bp（位于编码区内）。在大螟5龄幼虫的不同组织中Sihsc70表达量差异不显著（P＞0.05）,其中在中肠、后肠和体壁中的表达量较高,在唾腺中的表达量最低;在大螟不同发育阶段中,Sihsc70的表达量在雌成虫最低,较高的3个阶段依次为卵、2龄幼虫和5龄幼虫,分别为雌成虫表达量的6.33,3.21和1.86倍;相对于对照组（27℃）,低温胁迫对大螟5龄幼虫HSC70基因表达的影响差异不显著（P＞0.05）。【结论】结果说明,大螟HSC70基因在不同发育阶段和幼虫不同组织中具有不同的表达水平,而低温胁迫不能诱导该基因大量表达。     

黄颡鱼HSC70基因及其组织表达分析

热休克蛋白70（HSP70）与生物体的抗胁迫能力密切相关。本文采用RACE (Rapid amplification of cDNA ends) 技术,从黄颡鱼Pelteobagrus fulvidraco克隆到一种组成型热休克蛋白（HSC70）基因及其cDNA。该cDNA全长2245bp,包括5′非编码区82bp,3′非编码区225bp,开放阅读框(ORF) 1938bp,编码645个氨基酸组成的蛋白质。黄颡鱼HSC70基因含有8个内含子,与人、鼠、虹鳟和花斑溪鳉的HSC70基因内含子数目相同,位置相似。其中,最长内含子（873bp）位于5′端非编码区,其余内含子（长度在80－251bp之间不等）均在编码区以内。黄颡鱼HSC70基因编码的氨基酸序列与南方鲶的相似度最高,达96.13%,与欧洲银鲫和团头鲂的相似度分别为94.45%和94.14%。RT-PCR检测显示,正常情况下黄颡鱼HSC70在血细胞、心脏、肝、头肾、脾、鳃、肌肉和脑中均有表达,但表达量在鳃中最高,肌肉中最低;统计结果显示,热激后HSC70在血细胞、肝、头肾和脑中的表达量显著上升(p<0.05),而在其余组织中热激前后的表达差异不显著(p>0.05)。     

The structure and expression of maize genes encoding the major heat shock protein, hsp70

We have isolated and sequenced two maize genomic clones that are homologous to the Drosophila hsp70 gene. One of the maize hsp70 clones contains the entire hsp70 coding region and 81 nucleotides of the 5' nontranslated sequence. The predicted amino acid sequence for this maize protein is 68% homologous to the hsp70 of Drosophila. The second maize hsp70 clone contains only part of the coding sequence and 1.1 kb of the 5' flanking sequence. This 5' flanking sequence contains two sequences homologous to the consensus heat-shock-element sequence. Both maize genes are thermally inducible and each contains an intron in the same position as that of the heat-shock-cognate gene, hsc1, of Drosophila. The presence of an intron in the maize genes is a distinguishing feature in that no other thermally inducible hsp70 genes described to date contain an intron. We have constructed a hybrid hsp70 gene containing the entire hsp70 coding sequence with an intron, and 1.1 kb of the 5' flanking sequence. We demonstrate that this hybrid gene is thermally inducible in a transgenic petunia plant and that the gene is expressed from its own promoter.     

Expression of the Tribolium castaneum （Coleoptera： Tenebrionidae） hsp83 gene and its relation to oogenesis during ovarian maturation

Heat shock proteins (HSP) can protect organisms and cells from thermal damage. In this study, we cloned the full length cDNA encoding the HSP83 protein (the homologue of HSP90) of Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle). The isolated cDNA contains the full coding sequence, a partial 5′ untranslated region of 55 bp and the complete 3′ untranslated region. We found the hsp83 gene is located on chromosome 5 of the T. castaneum genome. The predicted HSP83 protein sequence has a high similarity (on average 86.77%) with that of other insect species. The expression of the hsp83 gene in the whole body and in the ovary could be induced with heat stress (40°C for 1 h) in newly hatched (within 3 h post emergence) and mature (10 days post emergence) beetles. Under normal conditions, the hsp83 expression in the ovary is about 3-fold higher than in the whole body at both stages. No significant difference in hsp83 expression was observed between the two ovarian developmental stages regardless if the beetles were treated with heat shock or not. The expression of the HSP83 protein in the whole body could also be induced with heat stress in newly hatched and mature beetles. However, in the ovary, HSP83 was only expressed in the follicle cells of mature beetles and not in newly hatched beetles, regardless if the beetles were treated with heat shock or not. Furthermore, the females were not able to produce mature oocytes after knock-down of the hsp83 expression by injecting dsRNA. These results suggest that the HSP83 protein is involved in protection against heat stress and could be involved in oogenesis during ovarian maturation of T. castaneum.     

小胸鳖甲热激蛋白基因(Mphsp70)的克隆、序列分析及温度对其表达的影响

采用RACE-PCR技术,从荒漠甲虫小胸鳖甲Microdera punctipennis Kaszab克隆hsp70基因全长cDNA序列,命名为Mphsp70。测序结果表明,序列全长2207bp,该序列覆盖了完整编码区,编码647个氨基酸,分子量大小为70.69ku,理论等电点为5.57(GenBank登录号JF421286.1)。此序列包含142bp的5'端非翻译区和124bp的含有多聚腺苷酸信号序列AATAAA和poly A尾的3'端非翻译区以及1941bp的开放阅读框。该基因无内含子,符合诱导型Hsp70的特征。经BLAST检索分析,由Mphsp70的核苷酸序列推定的氨基酸序列与已知的光滑鳖甲Hsp70高度同源,同源性高达97.22%。通过荧光定量RT-PCR技术研究昆虫受到高温胁迫时该基因的表达,结果表明:经37℃和42℃处理昆虫1h后诱导昆虫体内hsp70的表达,其表达量分别为对照组(25℃)的21.57倍和389.3倍,随着处理时间的延长,表达量降低。该研究结果为深入研究小胸鳖甲的抗逆机理提供了新的思路。     

Murine 86- and 84-kDa heat shock proteins, cDNA sequences, chromosome assignments, and evolutionary origins

The two forms of the approximately 90-kDa murine heat shock protein, referred to as HSP86 and HSP84, are coded for by separate but related genes. A full-length nucleotide sequence of the cDNA coding for HSP86 from a chemically induced tumor, Meth A, was determined. Sequences from a number of peptides from HSP86 were found to be in complete agreement with the nucleotide sequence. The HSP84 sequence from the same tumor was also completed. HSP86 and HSP84 are acidic polypeptides 733 and 724 amino acids long with calculated molecular weights of 84,796 and 83,290, respectively. The two proteins are 86% homologous. HSP86 was found to contain internal peptide repeats of Glu-Lys-Glu within a region of highly charged amino acid residues. The coding regions of the cDNAs were 76% homologous; however, this homology did not extend to the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions. The 5'-untranslated region of hsp86 cDNA was considerably longer than that of hsp84 cDNA and, unlike that of hsp84, contained extraneous ATG triplets. Hsp86-related sequences were assigned to chromosomes 12, 11, and 3. An evolutionary tree constructed from HSP90-related protein sequences indicated that HSP86 and HSP84 were likely to have diverged more than 500 million years ago. The findings presented herein suggest that HSP86 and HSP84 may have different functions.     

Pheromone 4 gene of Euplotes octocarinatus.

We have cloned and sequenced a 1.7 kb macronuclear chromosome encoding the pheromone 4 gene of Euplotes octocarinatus. The sequence of the secreted pheromone is preceded by a 42 amino acid leader peptide, which ends with a lysine residue. The sequence coding for the leader peptide contains information for a putative signal peptide and is interrupted by a 772 bp intron as shown by comparison with a cDNA clone. A 64 bp intron and a 145 bp intron interrupt the sequence coding for the secreted pheromone. The three introns contain typical 5' and 3' splice junctions and a putative branch point site. The small introns have a low GC content. The large intron has a GC content similar to that of the pheromone 4 gene exons. The amino acid sequence of pheromone 4, deduced from both the genomic DNA and the cDNA of pheromone 4, shows that the secreted pheromone consists of 85 amino acids. One of its amino acids is encoded by a UGA codon. Since it has been shown for pheromone 3 of E. octocarinatus that UGA is translated as cysteine, it is assumed that the UGA codon encodes cysteine in pheromone 4 as well. The 164 bp noncoding region upstream of the leader peptide is AT-rich and contains an inverted repeat capable of forming a stem-loop structure with a stem of 11 bp. The 151 bp noncoding region at the 3' end of the chromosome contains a putative polyadenylation sequence and an inverted repeat. The macronuclear molecule is flanked by telomeres and carries the pentanucleotide motif TTGAA, located at a distance of 17 nucleotides from the telomeres. This motif has been suggested to be involved in the formation of macronuclear chromosomes.     

Cloning and nucleotide sequencing of three heat shock protein genes (hsp90, hsc70, and hsp19.5) from the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) and their expression in relation to developmental stage and temperature

Heat shock protein genes, hsp90, hsc70, and hsp19.5, were cloned and sequenced from the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) by RT-PCR and RACE method. The cDNA sequence analysis of hsp90 and hsp19.5 revealed open reading frames (ORFs) of 2,151 and 522 bp in length, which encode proteins with calculated molecular weights of 82.4 and 19.5 kDa, respectively. Analysis of cDNA from hsc70 revealed an ORF of 1,878 bp coding a protein with a calculated molecular weight of 69.3 kDa. Furthermore, the analysis of genomic DNA from hsc70 confirmed the presence of introns while no introns were apparent in hsp90 and hsp19.5. Southern blot analysis suggested the presence of multiple copies of each gene family in the DBM genome. Detectable expression of hsp19.5 was observed at the pupal stage while expression of hsp90 and hsc70 was detected at both pupal and adult stages. At adult stage, females showed a higher expression of hsp90 and hsc70 than males. An increased expression was observed in all three genes after exposure to a high temperature in both sexes. These results suggest that in addition to a heat shock response, these HSP genes might be involved in other functions during the course of development in DBM.