共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
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2005年3~4月,采用野外调查和访问调查结合的方法,对尖峰岭自然保护区淡水龟类进行了专项调查。在海拔300~1 000 m设5个研究样区,采用系统抽样法在样区内选取443个研究样点,用笼捕法进行调查。野外调查共发现淡水龟类3种11只,包括8只平胸龟(Platysternon megacephalum)、2只四眼斑水龟(Sacalia quadriocellata)和1只锯缘摄龟(Pyxidea mouhotii)。访问调查得知当地还有黄额闭壳龟(Cuora galbinifrons)、三线闭壳龟(C.trifasciata)、中华鳖(Pelodiscus sinensis)和山瑞鳖(Palea steindachneri)分布。研究表明,尖峰岭自然保护区淡水龟类至少有2科7种,约占海南淡水龟类总种数的60%,其中四眼斑水龟和锯缘摄龟为本次调查到的尖峰岭淡水龟的新记录,三线闭壳龟和山瑞鳖为访问新记录。保护区内淡水龟类种群密度非常低,人为捕猎对淡水龟类资源破坏严重,需要加强保护和管理。 相似文献
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海南岛是我国淡水龟类分布较为集中、物种丰富度高、动物区系独特的地区,已知的淡水龟有2科8属11种,占全国淡水龟种数(24种)的46％。海南岛淡水龟物种密度为3．2种／10^4km^2,均为东洋界成分,其中华南区种4种,占36．4％;华中-华南区共有的种7种,占63．6％;海南特有种2种,占岛内淡水龟种数的18．2％。海南岛淡水龟占华南地区淡水龟种数(19种)的57．9％。海南与广东、广西和香港的淡水龟类区系关系也十分密切,与它们的生物相似值分别为0．76、0．64和0．47。目前,中国75％的淡水龟类濒危,海南岛81．8％的淡水龟类濒危。分析表明,海南岛应是我国淡水龟类资源优先保育的地区。 相似文献
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海南省海口地区龟类市场贸易调查 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
2002～2004年,对海口地区龟类市场贸易进行了调查。在21个贸易市场共发现龟类23种2572只,其中淡水龟科17种,鳖科4种,陆龟科1种,鳄龟科1种;国外龟类12种,占种数的52％,中国和国外共有龟类11种,占种数的48％;在海南岛分布的龟类有7种,占种数的30％;在23种龟中,10种为濒危物种,1种为易危物种,11种为CITES（2003）附录Ⅱ物种。调查表明,市场上的国外龟类在种类和数量上占绝对优势,一些国家保护龟类也出现在贸易市场上。本文对海口地区龟类市场贸易现状进行了分析和讨论。 相似文献
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淡水龟科是龟鳖目中物种数目最多、形态变异最多样的一个类群。其早期的系统学研究主要依据形态学和细胞学的特征,近年来,随着分子数据的不断增多,结合形态学等方法,淡水龟科系统发生学研究取得了诸多进展,但至今尚未有一致的结论。本文主要对近年来有关淡水龟科起源的单系性问题;潮龟属、闭壳龟属和拟水龟属重划分问题;潮龟属、草龟属和小棱背龟属属间关系问题;齿缘龟属、果龟属和东方龟属属间关系问题;齿缘龟属和木纹龟属属内种间关系问题研究进行了文献综述,以期为淡水龟科的系统发生关系和物种保护等研究提供参考。 相似文献
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龟类是一类古老的爬行动物,在赏玩、工艺品、食用和药用诸方面都占有重要地位。由于近几十年不科学的过度利用、环境污染、气候变化等使其在世界范围呈现快速衰减的趋势。所以,加强龟类保护刻不容缓。阻止龟类非法贸易是加强保护的一项重要措施。龟类的鉴定是严格执法的第一步。对于海关、林业、渔政和工商执法人员来说,龟类的鉴定难度很大。尽管目前有关龟类识别的图谱已出版多种,要么缺乏检索引导,要么专业性很强,很不适合非动物学专业的执法和保护人员使用。由 相似文献
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中国龟类资源丰富,有长期被食用、观赏、养殖等历史.近20、30年来,我国龟类资源有明显被过度利用的趋势,然而从国外大量进口龟以满足国内的需求,会影响到其他国家的龟类资源,这一趋势已引起国内外相关专家的极大关注. 相似文献
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上海地区龟类市场初步调查 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：4
龟类因被用于医药、饮食、宠物等方面 ,目前需求量增长 ,因各种养殖在规模上、技术上均不是很成熟 ,所以对野生种群的依赖依然很严重 ,近年来边境贸易的频繁已严重影响到其野生种群。几乎所有的龟种都不同程度地受到贸易的影响 ,许多著名的龟种已经面临灭绝 (Ｌａｕ ,Ｗ ,1 995)。中国的情况也不容乐观。2 0世纪 70年代中国市场上的龟几乎全部来自中国 ,而到了 90年代在相同市场上出现的种类竟大部分来自东南亚地区 ,很少是产自中国的本地的了。迄今为止 ,有关中国野生物贸易的调查报道所见不多 ,在全国范围内也尚未开展过龟类贸易的系统调… 相似文献
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Bruce C. Chessman Martin L. Dillon Darren P. Fielder Philip H. Spark Louise M. Streeting 《Austral ecology》2023,48(8):1588-1602
The extreme longevity of turtles and tortoises can make it difficult to determine the conservation status of their populations because high annual adult survival may mask gradual attrition due to low levels of recruitment. When long-term demographic trends are unknown and available data are insufficient for population modelling, it may be assumed that a scarcity of juveniles indicates low recruitment that will result in population ageing and numerical decline. However, the reliability with which the proportion of juveniles foreshadows demographic change is uncertain. We tested the hypothesis that a low proportion of juveniles in a turtle population presages its ageing by analysing over 20 years of survey data for five discrete populations of the Australian western saw-shelled turtle (Myuchelys bellii: Chelidae), a listed threatened species. The analysis tested whether the initial proportion of juvenile turtles in each population was related to its temporal trend in average body size. The five populations had varied structure and trends, with the initial proportion of juvenile turtles ranging from 10% to 39% and average body size increasing over time in some populations and decreasing in others. Contrary to expectation, the initial proportion of juveniles was unrelated to the trend in average body size and, by inference, average age, indicating that effective trend forecasting requires more detailed demographic information than merely population structure. 相似文献
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Louise M. Streeting Martin L. Dillon Jack Nesbitt Brad Nesbitt Lynn Baker Philip H. Spark Bruce C. Chessman Donald T. McKnight Paul G. McDonald Deborah S. Bower 《Austral ecology》2023,48(8):1571-1587
Introduced red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) are a major predator of freshwater turtle nests in Australia. We evaluated the effectiveness of electric fences, in combination with individual nest protection, for shielding western saw-shelled turtle (Myuchelys bellii: Chelidae) nests from predation by foxes. We compared the numbers of raided and intact turtle nests found in paired fenced treatment and unfenced control areas of streambank. We also individually protected all intact nests found in both area types with wire mesh or a steel cage. The total numbers of nests found in treatment and control areas did not significantly differ from parity, but significantly more intact nests were found in treatment areas and significantly more raided nests in control areas. The fences were occasionally damaged by livestock, wildlife and flooding, rendering them inoperative for varying periods of time until repair. However, foxes raided nests inside the fences on only two occasions, despite these breaks in functionality. Our study demonstrates that electric fences can provide an effective method of protecting entire nesting areas from depredation by foxes. 相似文献
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Camila K. Fagundes Richard C. Vogt Paulo De Marco Júnior 《Diversity & distributions》2016,22(2):123-135
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Regan Terry Kylie A. Robert Angela Simms Graham Stockfeld James U. Van Dyke 《Austral ecology》2023,48(8):1547-1558
Invasive mammalian predators are efficient at driving native animal declines. The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) kills millions of endemic reptiles in Australia each year. In areas of south-eastern Australia, the eastern long-necked turtle (Chelodina longicollis) and Murray River turtle (Emydura macquarii) have declined by more than 50%. High rates of nest predation by foxes limit the recruitment of young turtles in these populations, but previous methods of fox control have been ineffective at protecting turtle nests. Here, we tested the effectiveness of plastic mesh for protecting artificial turtle nests from predation by foxes, in the mid-Murray catchment, Victoria. We also tested whether protecting a large number of artificial nests in a given area encourages foxes to give up foraging following predictions from giving-up density theory. We made a series of plots, each containing 32 artificial turtle nests. In each plot, we covered a percentage (0%, 25%, 50%, 81% or 100%) of the nests with either 1 or 2 sheets of plastic mesh. We used remote cameras to photograph and identify any predator that attacked nests in the plots. The cameras also allowed us to estimate the amount of time a fox was visible on each plot, as a metric of how much effort foxes expended on protected nests. Nest survival rate was not increased by either 1 or 2 sheets of mesh, and increasing the number of protected nests on a plot did not reveal a giving-up density (GUD) value for fox foraging behaviour. Our study demonstrates that plastic mesh is not effective for protecting artificial turtle nests from foxes in this region. 相似文献
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Mariana A. Campbell Marilyn J. Connell Natalie J. Clark Tom Espinoza Samantha P. Flakus Sydney J. Collett John Cann Craig E. Franklin Hamish A. Campbell 《Austral ecology》2023,48(8):1492-1505
Australian biodiversity is facing an extinction crisis; yet, government spending on conservation is wholly inadequate. The involvement of local communities in fundraising, direct actions, and habitat restoration is becoming vital in the fate of threatened species. Here, we review the research outputs and impact generated from 22 years of conservation-driven collaboration between researchers and a local community focused on saving the endangered Mary River turtle (Elusor macrurus). The study found that this collaboration generated a significant body of research that advanced the ecological knowledge of the species and ensured the findings were being applied towards the conservation of the turtle, locally and nationally. While the national listing status of E. macrurus as endangered has not changed over the past 22 years, the knowledge gained about the turtle's biology and its use to better advise development and water resources in the catchment suggests that the species' future is brighter than when it was first discovered in 1994. This review demonstrates the potential of local communities in driving and supporting conservation initiatives and provides a blueprint for scientific endeavours that inform adaptive community conservation programmes for threatened species. 相似文献
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Bruce C. Chessman Darren P. Fielder Philip H. Spark Andrew C. Steed 《Austral ecology》2023,48(8):1559-1570
Many freshwater turtle species are threatened with extinction, but the implementation of effective conservation measures may be hindered by ignorance of their biology and ecology. We analysed the available monitoring data for a listed Endangered but poorly known species, the Manning River helmeted turtle (Myuchelys purvisi: Chelidae), to elucidate its geographic distribution and evaluate its relationships to broad-scale environmental factors. We found M. purvisi to be common and widely distributed in the Manning River system, with a balanced population structure including a wide mix of size classes and a substantial juvenile component. The occurrence of the species was significantly positively associated with a larger stream size, which probably confers greater habitat availability and lower vulnerability to drying during drought. Mean carapace length was significantly lower in stream segments with higher average annual air temperature, suggesting that warmer conditions favour recruitment. However, occurrence and mean carapace length were not related to the proportion of conservation land in the immediate stream environs, suggesting that persistence of the species is not favoured simply by occurrence in protected areas, and threats may need active management. We provide some suggestions for further investigation of the species' ecology and vulnerability to potential threats. 相似文献
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Turtle leeches have not been recorded in Korea, although they occur in geographically adjacent countries including China and Japan. This study describes a turtle leech, Ozobranchus jantseanus (Clitellata: Ozobranchidae), found from Reeve’s turtle (Mauremys reevesii) in Korea. Of the 143 Reeve’s turtles collected from the freshwater reservoir in Jinju City, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea, 95 unidentified leeches were found in 8 (5.6%) individuals. The leeches had 22 somites with 11 pairs of externally exposed branchiae, body-sized posterior suckers, and spines on the dorsal surface. We identified these leeches as Ozobranchus jantseanus Oka, 1912 (Clitellata: Ozobranchidae). This species of turtle leeches found in Korea may fill the gap in the biodiversity of East Asian annulus. 相似文献
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Mariana M. P. B. Fuentes David A. Pike Andrew Dimatteo Bryan P. Wallace 《Global Change Biology》2013,19(5):1399-1406
Enhancing species resilience to changing environmental conditions is often suggested as a climate change adaptation strategy. To effectively achieve this, it is necessary first to understand the factors that determine species resilience, and their relative importance in shaping the ability of species to adjust to the complexities of environmental change. This is an extremely challenging task because it requires comprehensive information on species traits. We explored the resilience of 58 marine turtle regional management units (RMUs) to climate change, encompassing all seven species of marine turtles worldwide. We used expert opinion from the IUCN‐SSC Marine Turtle Specialist Group (n = 33 respondents) to develop a Resilience Index, which considered qualitative characteristics of each RMU (relative population size, rookery vulnerability, and genetic diversity) and non climate‐related threats (fisheries, take, coastal development, and pollution/pathogens). Our expert panel perceived rookery vulnerability (the likelihood of functional rookeries becoming extirpated) and non climate‐related threats as having the greatest influence on resilience of RMUs to climate change. We identified the world's 13 least resilient marine turtle RMUs to climate change, which are distributed within all three major ocean basins and include six of the world's seven species of marine turtle. Our study provides the first look at inter‐ and intra‐species variation in resilience to climate change and highlights the need to devise metrics that measure resilience directly. We suggest that this approach can be widely used to help prioritize future actions that increase species resilience to climate change. 相似文献