医院等级评审对平均住院日的影响及意义

目的 研究医院等级评审工作对降低医院平均住院日指标的效果,分析其作用和意义。方法 收集医院2013年度医疗数据,运用描述性统计学方法、相关性分析和线性回归对一系列迎评医疗管理举措和平均住院日的相关性进行分析。结果 住院患者手术比率、出院患者当日出院比率、诊断符合率与平均住院日显示相关关系,线性回归分析具有统计学意义。结论 医院等级评审系列工作对平均住院日有显著影响,对提升医院医疗质量建设具有关键导向性作用。     

综合性医院平均住院日绩效指标集的构建与应用

目的 构建以平均住院日为核心的绩效指标集,在此基础上,制定绩效目标及关键控制举措,并跟踪实际的执行效果。方法 收集2008年12月—2013年6月共计55个月的重点科室平均住院日数据,运用相关性分析和多元线性回归提取影响平均住院日的显著因素,根据模型结论,研究分析绩效控制目标和举措并进行应用。结果 现阶段有效缩短平均住院日应主要解决“收容收治比及床位资源的利用效率”两对关键矛盾,模型应用后,医院院整体平均住院日由原来的15.7天降低为11.6天,重点科室平均住院日由19.2天降低为14.6天。结论 平均住院日绩效指标集的应用有助于优化医院资源配置,达到显著提高整体运营效率的目的。     

2002—2009年我院平均住院日变化及效果分析

目的 分析2002—2009年平均住院日等住院指标的变化。方法 通过绘制时间序列图和计算指标间的偏相关系数说明医院住院指标的变化情况。结果 医院平均住院日呈不断下降趋势,同时床位周转率不断加快,病人的医疗费用负担并没有增加,病人总体治疗效果得到提升。结论 近年来平均住院日不断缩短,这有利于医院业务发展、减轻患者负担。     

临床路径管理在肾结石患者中的应用及变异分析

目的 探讨临床路径(CP)管理在经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术治疗肾结石患者中的应用及变异分析。 方法 180例符合CP管理入径标准者,按既定肾结石CP管理流程进行诊疗操作（CP组）。将此前196例非CP管理患者作为对照组, 对比2组间平均住院日、术后无石率、平均住院花费以及其中药品费用所占的百分比、患者出院满意度评分等量化指标的差异,并对其中变异情况进行分析。 结果 CP组入径率41.67%,变异率达58.33%,导致变异的主要原因在于医、患对CP管理流程的认识偏差;CP组在平均住院日、平均住院花费及患者满意度优于对照组,具有统计学差异（P ＜0.05）。术后无石率、平均住院费用、药品所占住院费用百分比2组未见统计学差异。 结论 CP管理可有效缩短PCNL手术患者平均住院日,降低医疗费用、提高患者满意度。加强CP管理的医患教育是推行CP管理的关键。     

超长住院日患者分布特征与影响因素分析

目的 分析新疆某三级甲等医院超长住院日患者分布情况及其影响因素。方法 采用Logistic回归模型。结果 费别、性别、病种、出院转归、是否转科与是否手术是住院日超长的影响因素。转科患者、手术患者以及病种是影响住院日超长的重要危险因素。结论 合理安排转科患者与手术流程,制定以病种为特点的平均住院日考核值能有效控制超长住院日,进而有效降低平均住院日。     

基于DRGs入组患者的平均住院日异常值研究

目的 分析DRGs入组患者中住院时间过长的原因。方法 提取2012年1—6月出院的5105例DRGs入组患者的病案资料,筛选出住院日超过标准平均住院日50%以上的病例,整理后得到有效数据146例,采用Excel 2007进行数据处理,SPSS 13.0进行统计分析。结果 导致患者住院日过高的原因主要是手术及操作禁忌、完善术前检查、术后并发症、患者高龄和并发症多。结论 提高医院各科室的工作效率和协调能力,预防院内感染,从而缩短患者的住院日,降低医疗费用,增加床位利用率。     

河南省医疗纠纷现况及对策研究

目的 了解河南省医疗纠纷现状,为缓解医患矛盾,减少医疗纠纷提供政策依据。方法 随机抽取100家各级医疗卫生机构,采用集中填答法进行问卷调查。 结果 2012—2014年平均每家医院医疗纠纷数达28.6件,每万例次业务量纠纷数0.943件,每百名医师纠纷数4.765件;外科、妇科及儿科是纠纷发生率前3位的科室;医务人员技术问题导致的医疗纠纷占27.9%,医德医风问题占10.5%,患者要求不合理占46.0%;多重线性回归分析显示医院平均年出院患者(t＝7.987 ,P＜0.001)、临床医师床位比(t＝-2.476 ,P=0.015)与护理人员床位比 (t＝-6.426,P＜0.001)对医疗纠纷数的影响差异有统计学意义;平均每家医院通过医患协商途径处理医疗纠纷27.5件,司法途径10.5件,医调委解决9.5件;医患协商平均耗时1.2月,平均费用76 927.4元;医调委途径平均耗时0.6月,平均费用36 141.1元;司法途径平均耗时6.3月,平均费用58 942.7 元。 结论 针对高发科室实施预警防范,根据纠纷特点选择适宜的处理方式;积极实施分级诊疗、双向转诊制度,缓解就医压力;进一步推进公立医院改革,破除逐利机制,构建和谐的医疗环境。

     

实施快速手术住院制度 降低平均住院日

目的 　探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除快速手术住院制度的可行性。方法　120例腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者被随机分为2组：对照组,按传统住院途径管理,60例;实验组,按快速手术住院制度管理,60例。分析2组平均住院日、住院费用、并发症及患者满意率的差异。结果　2组平均住院日与住院费用有显著性差异,而并发症及满意率无显著性差异。结论 实施快速手术住院制度,规范了医疗工作流程,有效降低了平均住院日,节约了住院费用,体现了病房的精细化管理。     

周六手术在医院运行管理中的价值和意义

目的 通过开展周六手术,缩短病人平均术前等待日及平均住院日。在保证医疗质量的前提下,达到提高效率,增加产能的目的。方法 在多部门协作的基础上,开展周六手术,改变原有人力配置方式和手术流程,以配合周六手术的进行。结果 手术流程再造后,与之前同期相比术前等待日缩短25.00%, 月平均手术台次增加12.35%, 病人平均住院日降低9.22%。结论 开展周六手术,能缩短患者平均住院日和术前等待日,为患者节约宝贵的时间和金钱,在一定程度上解决了患者看病难、看病贵的问题,提高了医院的工作效率。     

临床路径管理系统对医院运营效率的影响研究

目的 以某综合性三甲医院2010—2011年普通外科7个住院病种为研究对象,探讨临床路径管理应用系统对医院运营效率的影响。 方法 采用病例对照研究方法。 结果 (1) 研究组住院日中位数为11天,明显低于对照组住院日中位数（P＜0.05）;(2) 研究组平均住院费用为30 826.90元,对照组平均住院费用与研究组平均住院费用相比无显著差异（P＞0.05）。结论 医院临床路径管理系统可以有效的缩短患者住院天数,对于控制住院费用有间接控制作用,但没有直接降低住院费用。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The mechanism of hatching of eggs of Haemonchus contortus

Fluid collected from hatching eggs of Haemonchus contortus contained a lipase which hydrolysed 2-naphthyl laurate (about 0·7 μmol naphthol freed /h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid also hydrolysed l-leucinamide (about 2·3 μmol leucine freed/h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid when added to normal or heated eggs caused ‘hatching’. ‘Hatching’ also occurred in exsheathing fluid from infective juveniles and in a preparation of pancreatic lipase containing leucine aminopeptidase. A purified mammalian leucine aminopeptidase in combination with several different lipases did not attack egg shells.The ‘spontaneous’ hatching of eggs of H. contortus was strongly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, 10^?3M, and this inhibition was reversed by Zn²⁺. However, the inhibition of ‘hatching’ of eggs in externally applied hatching fluid, or the hydrolysis of leucinamide in hatching fluid was generally less marked.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.