不同光质对桑树幼苗生长和光合特性的影响

光质可影响植物光合特性、形态以及生理过程。本试验研究了不同光质(白光W、红光R、红蓝混合光RB、蓝光B)对桑树植株生长、形态和光合作用的影响。结果表明:与白光对照相比,红光、蓝光和红蓝混合光处理下植株的生长、干物质积累受到抑制;红光处理下植株的株高、叶面积显著高于白光、红蓝混合光、蓝光处理;而白光、红蓝混合光、蓝光处理下植株的LMA、叶绿素a/b比值、可溶性蛋白含量、蔗糖、淀粉含量和叶片总N含量显著高于红光处理;红蓝混合光处理下植株的Pn、Gs、ΦPSⅡ与白光处理相近,红光、蓝光处理下植株的Pn、ΦPSⅡ低于白光、红蓝混合光处理,同时红光、红蓝混合光、蓝光处理下植株的抗氧化酶活性高于白光处理,而MDA含量低于白光处理;红光处理下植株的叶片厚度、栅栏组织和海绵组织厚度显著小于白光处理。因此,一定比例的红蓝混合光可以使桑树植株的生长、光合特性、生理特征和叶片解剖结构与白光下生长植株相近,并减少单质红光、单质蓝光对植株生长发育的不利影响。     

LED光质对番茄幼苗生长及内源性GA和IAA含量的影响

采用发光二极管调制光谱能量分布,以荧光灯为对照,研究不同光质(红光、蓝光、黄光、绿光)下番茄幼苗生理特性及内源性GA和IAA水平与其生长的关系。结果表明:(1)红光和蓝光有利于番茄幼苗茎的伸长和叶面积的增加。(2)除蓝光处理下可溶性糖含量和SOD活性与对照无显著性差异外,各单色光质处理下番茄幼苗根系活力、色素含量、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量、SOD活性较对照均显著降低。(3)与对照相比,各单色光质处理下番茄幼苗叶片中GA含量显著降低,IAA含量在红光下显著升高,在黄光和绿光下显著降低,且叶面积与IAA含量呈显著正相关关系。(4)番茄幼苗茎中GA和IAA含量在红光和蓝光处理下显著高于对照和黄、绿光处理,且株高与茎中GA和IAA含量呈正相关关系。     

光质对湛江等鞭金藻生长和脂肪酸组成的影响

在气升式光生物反应器中研究不同光质光影响湛江等鞭金藻的生长。结果表明,藻细胞密度的大小顺序为：红光〉白光＋红光、白光〉白光＋蓝光＋红光〉白光＋蓝光〉蓝光。蓝光下多不饱和脂肪酸百分含量最高,占总脂肪酸的50．01％。白光下总单不饱和脂肪酸和总饱和脂肪酸含量最高,占总脂肪酸的24．19％和27．46％。多不饱和脂肪酸中C18：4。．3含量最高,占总脂肪酸的20．3％-23.3％,最高值出现在蓝光下;其次为C22：6n-3（DHA）,占总脂肪酸的10．2％-12．3％,在蓝光和白光＋蓝光中较高;而C18：2n-6和C18：3n-3均以红光下的为最高,分别达3．11％和8．04％。     

不同光质光对葡萄愈伤组织增殖和白藜芦醇含量的影响

研究不同光质影响‘黑比诺’种子诱导并继代10个月的葡萄愈伤组织增殖及白藜芦醇含量的结果表明：不同光质下愈伤组织的增殖顺序依次为黄光〉绿光〉红光〉蓝光〉白光;白藜芦醇的含量依次为白光〉黄光〉红光〉蓝光〉绿光：白藜芦醇的生产量是白光〉黄光〉红光〉蓝光〉绿光。     

不同光质对黄瓜叶片光合特性的影响

将黄瓜（ Ｃｕｃｕｍｉｓｓａｔｉｖｕｓ Ｌ．） 幼苗培养在相同辐照度（２０ μｍｏｌ·ｍ － ２·ｓ－１） 的白光、红光和蓝光下,研究了光质对黄瓜叶片的光合作用特性的影响。实验结果表明,生长在白光下的叶片,其叶绿素（Ｃｈｌ）含量分别比红光和蓝光下高７ ％ 和２２４％ ,在蓝光下的含量最低。生长在红光下的黄瓜叶片有较低的Ｃｈｌａ／ｂ 比值和较高的Ｃｈｌ ｂ 含量。低温（７７ Ｋ）荧光发射光谱和Ｃｈｌａ 荧光动力学诱导的实验结果表明,红光下的叶片具有较高的光系统Ⅱ（ＰＳⅡ） 活性和较低的光系统Ⅰ（ＰＳⅠ）活性,蓝光下的叶片具有较低的ＰＳⅡ活性和较高的ＰＳⅠ活性。红光下叶片的放Ｏ２ 速率比白光下叶片的放Ｏ２ 速率高４４９％ ,而蓝光下的叶片放Ｏ２ 速率略低于白光下的。表明光质对调节黄瓜叶片ＰＳⅠ和ＰＳⅡ的发育和光合活性以及光合放Ｏ２ 速率具有重要作用。     

光因子对石刁柏愈伤组织生长过程中蛋白质含量及酶活性变化的影响

在不同的光因子条件下,石刁柏愈伤组织的生长曲线均呈“Ｓ”型。愈伤组织的可溶性蛋白质含量以黄光最高,其次为蓝光、黑暗、白光、绿光、红光。在蓝光、黄光、红光条件上,愈伤组织的非特异性酯酶活性均出现３个峰、而绿光、白光、黑暗条件下则出现２个峰,以第２７天的峰植相比,其峰植的大小顺序为：黄光、蓝光、白光、红光、绿光、黑暗。除红光为２个过氧化物酶活性峰外,其他均为１个活性峰,其峰值的大小顺序是：黄光、蓝光、     

发光二级管不同光质对姜黄光合特性和姜黄素含量的影响

以发光二级管(LED)为光源研究不同光质对姜黄生理特性的影响。结果表明:红光、蓝光和红蓝组合光处理均提高了姜黄素含量;红光有利于提高叶绿素a和总叶绿素含量、可溶性糖含量,蓝光有利于提高类胡萝卜素含量、SOD和POD活性、蛋白质含量,绿光有利于提高类胡萝卜素含量和蛋白质含量,黄光有利于提高蛋白质含量。红光/蓝光=7:3时姜黄的总叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量、SOD活性、Fv/Fo和姜黄素含量分别比对照显著提高14.23%、23.60%、18.18%、22.60%和66.65%;说明红光/蓝光=7∶3时最适合于姜黄的生长和姜黄素的生成。     

拟南芥PRRs基因在红光和蓝光信号转导中的作用初探

以拟南芥为材料,在红光和蓝光下对PRRs(pseudo-response regulators)突变体prr5p、rr7、prr9和toc1及其野生型的下胚轴表型进行比较观察,并采用实时定量PCR方法对突变体中光信号通路相关基因ZTL(zeitlupe)和CO(constans)的节律表达进行分析.结果表明:在红光下,prr5和toc1的下胚轴长度比野生型显著增长,在蓝光下,prr7p、rr9和toc1较野生型短,表明突变体降低了拟南芥对红光的敏感性,却增强了对蓝光的敏感性.红光和蓝光下,PRRs突变体中ZTL和CO的mRNA节律表达与野生型明显不同,其中红光下prr5和prr7、蓝光下prr5和toc1中的ZTLmRNA的表达显著下降且节律消失;红光下prr7和prr9以及蓝光下prr5突变体中的COmRNA表现基本无节律.因此推测,PRRs与ZTL的相互作用很可能在红光和蓝光信号转导途径中发挥作用,且PRRs基因极有可能参与了红光和蓝光对CO的调控.     

新型光源LED辐射的不同光质配比光对菊花组培苗生长的影响

采用新型光源LED辐射的红光[R,(658±20)nm]、远红光[Fr.(715±20)nm]和蓝光[B,(460±20)nm],观测不同红光/远红光(R/Fr)和红光/蓝光(R/B)配比光对菊花组培苗生长的影响.试验结果表明:红光处理的植株最高,根较长.远红光和蓝光处理的植株矮小,根短细.类胡萝卜素含量与R/Fr比率呈负相关,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素(a b)、类胡萝卜素含量与R/B比率也呈负相关.叶绿素a/b比值与R/Fr和R/B比率呈正相关.红光有利于可溶性糖和淀粉的积累,降低色素含量.而蓝光能够逆转此效应,可促进色素和可溶性蛋白的合成.红光和蓝光组合处理的叶中可溶性糖和淀粉含量以及根系活力均高于白光处理的,尤以高R/B配比光处理的组培苗生长健壮,移栽成活率最高.     

光质对马铃薯试管薯形成的影响

以两个试管薯形成能力不同的马铃薯脱毒试管苗为材料,研究不同光质(白光、红光、蓝光)对马铃薯试管苗生长和试管薯形成的影响.结果表明：红光下试管苗叶片的净光合速率、可溶性糖含量和生物量最高,试管苗叶片数多.蓝光对试管苗干物质含量和试管苗发育后期的结薯数量以及结薯期提前有明显促进作用,但对试管苗株高有明显抑制作用.白光下试管苗净光合速率和干物质含量最低.不同品种试管薯的形成对光质的要求有一定差异.总之,壮苗培养阶段采用红光,试管薯诱导阶段采用蓝光处理利于提高试管薯产量.     

发光二极管光质对念珠藻葛仙米生长及生理生化特性的影响

利用发光二极管（LED）作为光源,以冷百荧光灯光作为对照,研究不同光质红光637 nm、绿光529 nm、蓝光453 nm、白光（400700） nm对念珠藻葛仙米生长和生理生化特性的影响。结果表明:在培养前期,红光促进藻蓝蛋白合成,而藻红蛋白合成受抑制;蓝光和绿光则促进藻蓝蛋白合成。在培养后期,红光处理有利于叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素积累,其含量分别达到干重的1.33%和0.24%;绿光、白光和冷白荧光培养物的相应色素的含量均约占1.0%和0.16%;蓝光培养物的相应色素含量分别仅为0.45%和0.11%。红光培养物的氨基酸含量达干重的23.1%,是对照的1.58倍。除蓝光外其他光质对还原糖的含量影响无显著差异。在培养过程中LED白光和冷白荧光培养物的平均相对生长速率分别约为其他色光培养物的1.3和1.5倍。       

THE EFFECT OF LIGHT QUALITY ON THE CARBON METABOLISM AND EXTRACELLULAR RELEASE OF CHLAMYDOMONAS REINHARDTII DANGEARD1

The influence of red, blue, green, and white light on growth and photosynthetic rates, carbon metabolism, and rates of release of extracellular compounds in the freshwater alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Dangeard was examined. Relative growth constants were 0.28, 0.32, 0.40, and 0.41 in green, white, blue, and red light, respectively. Photosynthetic rates were higher in white, blue, or red than in green light of the same intensity. More than 66% of the ¹⁴CO₂ assimilated by cells grown under blue or green light was incorporated into the ethanol-insoluble fraction, compared with about 50% in cells grown under white or red light. The percentage of sugars in this fraction was significantly higher in cells grown under green or red light than in cells cultured in white or blue light, while the percentage of proteins was highest in blue light. Light quality also influenced the composition of the ethanol-soluble fraction. The percentage of organic acids was highest in cells grown in green and white light, while amino acids were highest in blue and green cultures. The percentage of ethanol-soluble sugars was greatest in cultures grown in blue and red light. The percentage release of dissolved organic carbon into the medium was highest in white light and lowest in blue or red light. The nature of the extracellular products varied according to the quality of light under which the cells were cultured, but had no consistent relation to the nature or concentration or components in the ethanol-soluble fraction.     

光质与人参淀粉酶活性、总糖和淀粉含量的关系

研究了生长在同等透光率六种滤光膜覆盖下的人参淀粉酶活性、总糖和淀粉含量的季节性变化。人参叶片的淀粉酶活性、总糖和淀粉含量明显低于根部,叶片酶活性的高峰在红果期,糖和淀份含量在成熟期最高;根部与叶片相反,酶活性高峰在成熟期,糖和淀粉含量在红果期最高。红光、红蓝和红蓝绿复合光下人参的淀粉酶活性,总糖和淀粉含量均较高,单质蓝光和绿光下偏低。红光对糖分的合成与积累有明显促进作用,但有红光参与的复合光更有利于人参的生长。     

The effect of (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) and gibberellic acid on the growth and development of wheat cultivated under red or blue light

The effect of CCC and GA₃ on the growth and development of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivated under predominantly red (500–700 nm) or blue (400–500 nm) light was investigated. Red light enhanced the development of wheat during the exponential phase of growth. This effect presumably implicated the promotion of gibberellin synthesis under red light. The strong inhibitory action of CCC under red light (the inhibition was lower under blue light) might be interpreted in a similar way. The growth became more intensive under blue light after caring and was accompanied by increased susceptibility to giberellic acid treatment.     

Blue, red and blue plus red light control of chloroplast pigment and pigment-proteins in corn mesophyll cells: Irradiance level-quality interaction

Corn ( Zea mays L. cv. OP Golden Bantum) was grown under low irradiance blue, red or blue plus red light. Red was more effective than blue light for synthesis of Chl a, b and light-harvesting proteins (LHC-2) associated with photosystem 2(PS2). Blue light was slightly more effective for synthesis of light-harvesting proteins (LHC-1) associated with photosystem 1 (PS1), but below a fluence rate of 1 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ the response to blue vs that to red depended on irradiance level. Blue light containing a small amount of red light was as effective as red light for Chl a and b synthesis, but no more effective than blue light for LHC-2 synthesis. Adding small amounts of blue light to red repressed the effect of red light on LHC-2 synthesis and produced irradiance response curves similar to those produced by blue alone for LHC-2 synthesis. This repression by blue light depended on the ratio of red to blue and the level of the blue light.     

Growth Promotion of Vegetative Gametophytes of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Undaria pinnatifida</Emphasis> by Blue Light

Through an acclimation period of 10 days, compared to white light, the maximal net photosynthetic rates were significantly higher for gametophytes of Undaria pinnatifida cultivated under blue light (400–500 nm), and were lower under red light (600–700 nm). Chlorophyll c and the carotenoid content of gametophytes were similar under blue light and red light but were much lower under white light. The growth rate of female gametophytes under blue light was higher than that under other lights, and the growth rate of male gametophytes showed little variation with respect to blue and white light. Male and female gametophytes were mixed together to form sporophytes under white, blue and red light. After approximately 5 days, 50% gametophytes became fertile under blue and white light, but remained vegetative under red light after 10 days.     

光处理对白头翁愈伤组织生长及代谢产物合成的影响

以白头翁试管苗叶片为外植体,于MS＋TDZ0.2 mg/L＋2,4-D 0.2 mg/L上进行愈伤组织诱导和增殖,进行不同光质照射,观察光处理下白头翁愈伤组织的生长和代谢产物合成情况.结果表明：黄光能提高愈伤组织的诱导率,产生的愈伤组织质地最好;光质对愈伤组织的鲜重增殖倍数依次为：黄（16.69）〉 红（11.41）〉 绿（8.97）〉 白（6.74）〉蓝（5.97）,延长光照时间会促进细胞生长;与白光相比,黄光和红光能显著促进干物质的积累,而蓝光明显抑制,绿光与白光两处理之间差异不明显.自然光照下,白头翁叶片中代谢产物极少,而黄、蓝和绿光均诱导合成了包括皂苷在内的数种代谢产物,而红光处理同白光一样只诱导出了一种代谢产物.由此可见,光处理可以调控白头翁愈伤组织的生长状态及皂苷等次生代谢物的积累.     

PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS OF THE GAMETOPHYTES OF LYGODIUM JAPONICUM

Protonemata of Lygodium japonicum turn biplanar in both red and blue light regimes and remain filamentous in far-red light. Biplanar gametophytes formed in red light are longer than broad with long, rectangular cells, whereas in blue light they appear broader than long with short, isodiametric cells. Transfer of protonemata of all ages from far-red regime to red or blue light induces a morphological type of growth characteristic of the new light regime. However, only relatively young biplanar forms transferred from red or blue light are able to resume filamentous type of growth in a subsequent regime of far-red light.     

Influence of light colours on growth and stress response of pearl gourami <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trichopodus leerii</Emphasis> under laboratory conditions

This study aimed to investigate the influence of illumination with different light spectra on growth and stress response in pearl gourami Trichopodus leerii Bleeker, 1852. Fish (6.35 ± 0.43 cm, 5.69 ± 0.67 g) were reared in 8 glass aquaria each with 25 fish under one of four different lighting conditions: yellow (max 546 nm), red (max 605 nm), blue (max 470 nm) and white (control). Experiments lasted for 90 days. The stress response was evaluated by measuring cortisol levels. No significant effect was observed on final body weight, length and specific growth rate of fish. However, best values for these characteristics were achieved for fish reared under yellow light. A significant higher weight gain, condition factor was found in fish reared under yellow light compared with fish reared under blue or red light. In contrast, a lower final body weight, specific growth rate and weight gain were achieved for fish reared under red light. Feed conversion ratio was significantly lower in fish under yellow light compared with red or blue light. Stressed fish showed lower cortisol levels under yellow light compared with other light exposures. The study indicates that, pearl gourami grows better under yellow light and that yellow light lowers the stress-induced cortisol response.