青藏高原高寒草甸生态系统碳增汇潜力

为了揭示青藏高原高寒草甸生态系统植被变化对碳储量的影响,以原生矮嵩草草甸、退化草甸、人工草地以及农田为研究对象,对比分析了该4种不同土地格局下生态系统的有机碳现状.以原生矮嵩草草甸土壤碳储量为基准对不同类型高寒生态系统的碳增汇潜力进行了估算.结果表明:不同类型生态系统的碳储量和碳增汇潜力有很大差异,在0-40cm土层中,(1)原生草甸碳储量最高,达到17098 g C/m2,退化草甸、人工草地和农田的有机碳汇增加潜力分别为:5637、3823、1567 g C/m2.(2)对于退化草甸和人工草地,土壤有机碳含量和密度明显低于原生草甸和农田.(3)地下生物量碳储量主要集中在0-20cm,且原生草甸地下生物量的碳储量比其他3个植被类型高3.6-5倍.总体上,青藏高原草地生态系统存在巨大的碳增汇潜力.     

人类活动对青藏高原高寒矮嵩草草甸碳过程的影响

随着人类活动干扰(放牧)的增加,青藏高原高寒嵩草甸的退化演替过程依次为禾草-矮嵩草群落、矮嵩草群落、小嵩草群落和杂类草-黑土滩4个阶。其中小嵩草群落又可划分为草毡表层加厚、开裂与塌陷3个子阶段。采用时空转换的方法,研究了人类活动对青藏高原高寒矮嵩草草甸碳过程的影响。结果表明,随着人类干扰强度的增加,植物群落地上部分有机碳储量逐渐降低,由禾草-矮嵩草群落的(134.7±17.3)gC/m2逐渐降低到杂类草-黑土滩次生裸地(18.96±6.18)gC·m-2。土壤、植物地下部分有机碳贮量呈单峰曲线变化,草毡表层开裂子阶段最高,分别为(49.7±0.83)gC·kg-1和(3596.7±179.8)gC·m-2。;杂类草-黑土滩阶段最低,分别为(19.2±1.13)gC·kg-1和(121.6±6.1)gC·m-2。受植物地下部贮碳的影响,土壤-植被系统呈现逐渐降低的变化特征。随人类活动干扰的加强,高寒嵩草草地植物有机碳地下/地上分配比发生巨大改变,草地草毡表层厚度不高于4.3cm是保证草地生产与生态服功能双赢的重要指标。     

长期增强UV-B辐射对高寒矮嵩草草甸植物光合作用的影响

以高寒矮嵩草(Kobresia humilis)草甸地区的强光和天然太阳短波辐射为背景,在植物生长季每天人工增补15.8 kJ·m-2的辐射剂量,模拟平流层臭氧破坏5%时近地表面增加的太阳UV-B辐射强度,探讨高寒矮嵩草草甸植物光合作用对UV-B辐射增强的响应.结果显示:(1)长期增强UV-B辐射对高寒矮嵩草草甸大多数植物的光合作用没有明显的负面影响;其中异针茅(Stipa aliena)、苔草(Carex atrofusca)、黄芪(Astragalus sp.)的光合作用受到抑制,但棘豆(Oxytropis ochrocephala)、异叶米口袋(Gueldenstaedtia multiflora)、鹅绒委陵菜(Potentilla anserina)、柔软紫菀(Aster flaccidus)、羌活(Notoperygium forbesii)的净光合速率和表观量子效率增加,这与它们的形态特征,气孔因素以及水分利用效率有关.(2)长期增强UV-B辐射使高寒矮嵩草草甸大多数植物的类胡萝卜素含量增加,叶绿素a/叶绿素b比值和类胡萝卜素/叶绿素比值升高,这更有利于植物吸收更多的紫外辐射,减少UV-B辐射增加对高寒矮嵩草草甸植物的伤害,起到了光合保护的作用,有利于植物光合作用的进行,也是高寒矮嵩草草甸植物适应环境的一种策略.研究表明,长期增强UV-B辐射不会减少高寒矮嵩草草甸生态系统的初级生产力.     

青海省高寒草甸不同退化阶段土壤无机碳分异特征

采用时空转换的方法,选取青海省高寒草甸退化演替过程中典型退化阶段,探讨高寒草甸不同退化阶段土壤无机碳(SIC)含量及储量分异特征。结果表明:禾草-矮嵩草群落、小嵩草群落、小嵩草剥蚀期和黑土滩型退化草地0~50 cm土层SIC总储量分别为0.45、0.10、0.13和1.10 kg C·m-2;0~50 cm土层范围内,禾草-矮嵩草群落与黑土滩型退化草地存在明显的碳酸盐淀积层(主要在30 cm土层以下),而小嵩草群落和小嵩草剥蚀期在剖面内无明显的碳酸盐淀积层;草甸草毡表层特征(厚度、破碎度等)以及土壤容重、pH值与SIC变化特征存在某种协同演化关系;高寒草甸退化与无机碳储量之间没有明显的耦合作用,只有当草甸极度退化(黑土型退化草地)时,草甸SIC分层及总储量特征才表现出明显的差异。     

江河源区高山嵩草(Kobresia pygmaea)草甸植物和土壤碳、氮储量对覆被变化的响应

以青海省果洛州藏族自治州甘德县青珍乡高山嵩草Kobresia pygmaea草甸轻度退化草地和重度退化草地为研究对象,通过植物地上部分主要功能群(禾草类、杂类草、莎草类)、植物根系和土壤碳、氮浓度及储量动态研究,结果表明:高寒小嵩草草甸轻度退化草地地上部分主要功能群碳、氮浓度和C ∶ N比值明显高于重度退化草地的浓度.同一草地类型主要功能群比较,碳、氮浓度依次为杂类草>禾草类>莎草类;植物地上部分的碳、氮浓度明显高于地下根系的碳、氮浓度.重度退化草地植物根系碳、氮浓度高于轻度退化草地植物根系碳、氮浓度.重度退化草地土壤总有机碳浓度显著低于轻度退化草地土壤总有机碳浓度,随着土层的加深碳、氮浓度有减少的趋势.江河源区高山嵩草草甸的土壤有机碳、氮储量最大,植物根系碳、氮储量居中,植物地上部分碳、氮储量最小.重度退化草地总有机碳储量(13554.3 g/m2)较轻度退化草地储量(14669.2 g/m2)下降7.60%.其中,0～40cm土壤层碳储量下降4.10%,植物根系碳储量下降59.97%,植物地上部分碳储量下降15.39%;重度退化草地总氮储量(3780.6 g/m2)较轻度退化草地储量(3352.7 g/m2)高12.76%,其中,0～40cm土壤中总氮储量高13.07%,植物根系全氮储量下降55.09%,植物地上部分全氮下降16.00%.由于草地退化损失有机碳11149 kg/hm2,而全氮增加4278 kg/hm2.     

草毡寒冻雏形土CO2释放特征

研究了植物生长季节海北高寒草甸生态系统高寒嵩草草甸覆被下草毡寒冻雏形土的CO2释放速率。其结果表明CO     

青藏高原高寒矮嵩草草甸碳增汇潜力估测方法

以广布于青藏高原的高寒矮嵩草草甸为研究对象,研究了草甸碳储存的场所、碳库容量随草甸演替的变化过程及其碳增汇潜力的空间分布格局,同时探讨了高寒草甸碳增汇潜力估测的困惑与解决方法。结果表明,高寒草甸生态系统碳增汇潜力空间分布格局差异极大,主要受到土层厚度和草地演化进程的影响。高寒草甸碳主要贮存于草毡表层,其增汇潜力在于退化草地草毡表层的恢复与重建。保持适宜厚度的草毡表层是协调高寒草甸生产与碳生态服务功能的关键。随着退化高寒草甸的恢复,土壤容重呈现下降趋势,计算其系统碳增汇潜力,需要用根土体积比进行土层深度的校正。高寒草甸具有较大的固碳潜力,但其潜力的发挥受到气候和草地恢复与管理措施的影响,比较漫长。     

贵州东部常绿落叶阔叶混交林碳素积累及其分配特征

以雷公山自然保护区常绿落叶阔叶混交林为研究对象,对其碳素含量、碳密度及分配特征进行了研究。结果表明:生态系统碳素含量表现为乔木层(418.58 g/kg)灌木层(387.26 g/kg)草本层(382.80 g/kg)枯落物层(378.11 g/kg)土壤层(31.48 g/kg),差异极显著(P﹤0.01),乔木不同器官表现为干根叶枝,差异不显著(P0.05),灌、草层均表现为地上地下,土壤碳素含量随土层深度的增加而减少;生态系统碳密度为234.68 t/hm2,表现为土壤层(170.00 t/hm2)乔木层(57.02 t/hm2)枯枝落叶层(5.48 t/hm2)灌木层(1.81 t/hm2)草本层(0.37 t/hm2),分别占生态系统碳密度的72.44%、24.30%、2.34%、0.77%和0.16%;植被层碳密度为58.79 t/hm2,占了生态系统碳密度的25.09%;乔木层各器官以树干的碳密度最高,占了乔木层碳密度52.43%;灌木层、草本层地上部分碳密度分别是地下部分的2.85倍1.64倍;土壤表层(0—20 cm)碳密度为70.40 t/hm2,显著高于其它各层(P﹤0.001),占了土壤(0—80 cm)碳密度的41.41%,有很强的表聚性,因此,防止地表的水土流失,可有效保持土壤对碳的吸存。     

鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林碳素积累和分配特征

研究了鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林 40 0多年林龄的锥栗 (Castanopsis chinensis)、黄果厚壳桂 (Crypto-carya concinna)和 50多年林龄的黄果厚壳桂、鼎湖钓樟 (Lindera chunii)两个群落碳素积累和分配特征。结果表明 ,两林分间植物碳素含量在不同器官和不同层中的分配格局均十分相似 ,总平均分别为 41 .980 %(锥栗、黄果厚壳桂群落 )和 40 .377% (黄果厚壳桂、鼎湖钓樟群落 )。锥栗、黄果厚壳桂群落生态系统碳总贮量为 2 4 4 .998t/ hm2 ,其中植被部分为 1 54.2 89t/ hm2 ,土壤为 89.1 2 8t/ hm2 ,地表凋落物层为 1 .581 t/ hm2。黄果厚壳桂、鼎湖钓樟群落植被碳总贮量为 84.1 51 t/ hm2。在两林分植被碳总贮量中 ,乔木层分别占了97.47% (锥栗、黄果厚壳桂群落 )和 98.0 4 % (黄果厚壳桂、鼎湖钓樟群落 ) ,而在乔木层碳总贮量中 ,干器官则分别占 47.93% (锥栗、黄果厚壳桂群落 )和 44.66% (黄果厚壳桂、鼎湖钓樟群落 )。锥栗、黄果厚壳桂群落植被碳年积累量为 3.1 4 9t/ (hm2· a) ,黄果厚壳桂、鼎湖钓樟群落植被碳年积累量则为 3.42 5 t/ (hm2· a)。     

西南桦纯林与西南桦×红椎混交林碳贮量比较

用乡土树种培育优质大径材已成为南亚热带满足林产品需求和生态保护的重要途径,如何通过优化森林经营模式提高人工林生态系统碳储量已成为关注的重点.对广西凭祥伏波林场13年生西南桦纯林、12年生西南桦×红椎混交林生态系统的碳素密度、碳贮量及其分布特征进行了比较研究.结果表明:(1)西南桦与红椎不同器官碳素密度变化范围分别为481.11-600.79 g/kg和451.24-543.42 g/kg,与中国南亚热带地区其他树种的碳素密度接近.相同树种不同器官之间以及不同树种相同器官之间的碳素密度差异显著(P＜0.05).西南桦纯林与西南桦×红椎混交林灌木层的平均碳素密度分别为437.15 g/kg和436.98g/kg,混交林草本层平均碳素密度比纯林高,差异性显著(P＜0.05).西南桦纯林土壤各层碳素密度均高于西南桦×红椎混交林,但差异不显著(P＞0.05).(2)西南桦×红椎混交林乔木层碳贮量(29.144 t/hm2)略高于西南桦纯林(28.541 t/hm2),混交林生态系统碳储量(276.486 t/hm2)比纯林生态系统碳储量(305.514 t/hm2)低.西南桦纯林、西南桦×红椎混交林植被层碳贮量分别占其生态系统碳贮量的9.64％和10.58％,凋落物层分别占生态系统碳储量的0.19％和0.56％.(3)西南桦纯林和西南桦×红椎混交林土壤碳贮存主要集中在0-20cm土层,且随土层深度增加而减少.西南桦纯林土壤层(0-60cm)碳贮量(275.488 t/hm2)明显高于西南桦×红椎混交林土壤层(0-60cm)碳贮量(245.688 t/hm2),分别占其生态系统碳贮量的90.17％和88.86％.(4)西南桦×红椎混交林乔木层碳素年净固定量(2.428 t·hm-2·a-1)高于西南桦纯林乔木层碳素年净固定量(2.196 t·hm-2·a-1),表明混交林比纯林的碳固定速度快.     

Current forest carbon stocks and carbon sequestration potential in Anhui Province,China

Aims
This study was conducted to investigate carbon stocks in forest ecosystems of different stand ages in Anhui Province, and to identify the carbon sequestration potential of climax forests controlled by the natural environment conditions.
Methods
Data were collected based on field investigations and simulations were made with the BIOME4 carbon cycle model.
Important findings
Currently, the total forest carbon stocks in Anhui Province amounts to 714.5 Tg C: 402.1 Tg C in vegetation and 312.4 Tg C in soil. Generally, both the total and vegetation carbon density exhibit an increasing trend with the natural growth of forest stands. Soil carbon density increases from young to near mature forests, and then gradually decreases thereafter. Young and middle-aged forests account for 75% of the total forest area in Anhui Province, with potentially an additional 125.4 Tg C to be gained after the young and middle-aged forests reach near mature stage. Results of BIOME4 simulations show that potentially an additional 245.7 Tg C, including 153.7 Tg C in vegetation and 92 Tg C in soil, could be gained if the current forests are transformed into climax forest ecosystems in Anhui Province.     

Soil organic carbon dynamics jointly controlled by climate,carbon inputs,soil properties and soil carbon fractions

Soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics are regulated by the complex interplay of climatic, edaphic and biotic conditions. However, the interrelation of SOC and these drivers and their potential connection networks are rarely assessed quantitatively. Using observations of SOC dynamics with detailed soil properties from 90 field trials at 28 sites under different agroecosystems across the Australian cropping regions, we investigated the direct and indirect effects of climate, soil properties, carbon (C) inputs and soil C pools (a total of 17 variables) on SOC change rate (r_C, Mg C ha^?1 yr^?1). Among these variables, we found that the most influential variables on r_C were the average C input amount and annual precipitation, and the total SOC stock at the beginning of the trials. Overall, C inputs (including C input amount and pasture frequency in the crop rotation system) accounted for 27% of the relative influence on r_C, followed by climate 25% (including precipitation and temperature), soil C pools 24% (including pool size and composition) and soil properties (such as cation exchange capacity, clay content, bulk density) 24%. Path analysis identified a network of intercorrelations of climate, soil properties, C inputs and soil C pools in determining r_C. The direct correlation of r_C with climate was significantly weakened if removing the effects of soil properties and C pools, and vice versa. These results reveal the relative importance of climate, soil properties, C inputs and C pools and their complex interconnections in regulating SOC dynamics. Ignorance of the impact of changes in soil properties, C pool composition and C input (quantity and quality) on SOC dynamics is likely one of the main sources of uncertainty in SOC predictions from the process‐based SOC models.     

双碳战略背景下城市生态系统的碳汇功能与生物多样性可以兼得

“碳达峰、碳中和”是中国对世界的庄严承诺, 也是当前指导我国可持续发展的重要战略。碳排放的空间分布表明, 城市及其周边地区是最主要的碳排放区。随着我国的城市化进程不断推进, 如何有效减少城市碳排放、增加碳汇成为关系着双碳战略成效的关键问题。作为城市空间中唯一的自然碳汇, 城市绿地生态系统的固碳增汇作用日益突出。加强城市绿地的碳汇建设, 如果按照传统的人工营建思路, 只种植在当前情景下碳汇能力强的少数植物种则很可能会减少生物多样性。基于植物分配有限资源时存在权衡关系的生态学一般原理, 不仅选取当前情景下碳汇能力强的植物, 还要考虑适应环境变化、在未来环境下碳汇能力强的植物, 以及遭遇极端环境时有一定碳汇能力的植物。在此框架下, 选取恰当的植物多样性组合有望实现更好的城市绿地碳汇功能, 即环境稳定时碳汇能力更强, 环境变化时碳汇能力更稳, 出现极端事件时碳汇损失更小。具体的做法包括: (1)扩展绿地物种库信息, 纳入植物的碳减排能力、适应环境变化能力、应对极端变化能力等信息; (2)考虑植物在碳汇能力与应对气候变化能力之间的权衡关系, 将植物分成不同类型的组, 比如高碳汇低适应、低碳汇高适应; (3)根据不同城市的环境和未来气候变化特点, 因地制宜地选择恰当植物组合营建城市绿地; (4)开展城市绿地建设的全生命周期碳计量, 以近自然方式营建和管养城市绿地, 减少管护过程的碳排放。这些举措有助于实现城市绿地碳汇能力提升与生物多样性保护的双重目标。城市生态系统的‌结构与功能共赢, 对落实双碳战略和生态文明建设意义重大。     

Biomass carbon density and carbon sequestration capacity in seven typical forest types of the Xiaoxing’an Mountains,China

森林生物碳储量作为森林生态系统碳库的重要组成部分,在全球碳循环中发挥着重要作用。以小兴安岭7种典型林型为研究对象,通过外业样地调查与室内实验分析相结合的方法,从林分尺度对林分生物量与碳密度进行计量,分析了林分生物碳储量的空间分配格局,并对林分年固碳能力与碳汇潜力进行了探讨。结果表明:小兴安岭不同林型从幼龄林到成熟林的乔木层碳密度增长速率为:蒙古栎(Quercus mongolica)林>兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii)林>云冷杉(Picea-Abies)林>樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica)林>山杨(Populus davidiana)林>红松(Pinus koraiensis)林>白桦(Betula platyphylla)林。7种典型林型不同龄组(幼龄林、中龄林、近熟林和成熟林)林分生物量碳密度分别为:红松林31.4、74.7、118.4和130.2 t·hm–2;兴安落叶松林28.9、44.3、74.2和113.3 t·hm–2;樟子松林22.8、52.0、71.1和92.6 t·hm–2;云冷杉林23.1、44.1、77.6和130.3 t·hm–2;白桦林18.8、35.3、66.6和88.5 t·hm–2;蒙古栎林25.0、20.0、47.5和68.9 t·hm–2;山杨林19.8、28.7、43.7和76.6 t·hm–2。红松林、兴安落叶松林、樟子松林和蒙古栎林在幼龄林时林分年固碳量较高,其他林型在成熟林时林分年固碳量较高。7种典型林型不同龄组的林分生物量碳密度均随林龄增长而增加,但不同林型的碳汇功能存在差异,同一林型不同林龄的生物量碳密度增幅差异也较大。林分年固碳量在0.4–2.8 t·hm–2之间,碳汇能力较强、碳汇潜力较大。尤其是小兴安岭目前林分质量较差,幼龄林和中龄林所占的比重较大,具有较大的碳汇潜力。研究结果可为森林经营管理及碳汇功能评价提供参考。     

Response of soil carbon dioxide fluxes,soil organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon to biochar amendment: a meta‐analysis

Biochar as a carbon‐rich coproduct of pyrolyzing biomass, its amendment has been advocated as a potential strategy to soil carbon (C) sequestration. Updated data derived from 50 papers with 395 paired observations were reviewed using meta‐analysis procedures to examine responses of soil carbon dioxide (CO₂) fluxes, soil organic C (SOC), and soil microbial biomass C (MBC) contents to biochar amendment. When averaged across all studies, biochar amendment had no significant effect on soil CO₂ fluxes, but it significantly enhanced SOC content by 40% and MBC content by 18%. A positive response of soil CO₂ fluxes to biochar amendment was found in rice paddies, laboratory incubation studies, soils without vegetation, and unfertilized soils. Biochar amendment significantly increased soil MBC content in field studies, N‐fertilized soils, and soils with vegetation. Enhancement of SOC content following biochar amendment was the greatest in rice paddies among different land‐use types. Responses of soil CO₂ fluxes and MBC to biochar amendment varied with soil texture and pH. The use of biochar in combination with synthetic N fertilizer and waste compost fertilizer led to the greatest increases in soil CO₂ fluxes and MBC content, respectively. Both soil CO₂ fluxes and MBC responses to biochar amendment decreased with biochar application rate, pyrolysis temperature, or C/N ratio of biochar, while each increased SOC content enhancement. Among different biochar feedstock sources, positive responses of soil CO₂ fluxes and MBC were the highest for manure and crop residue feedstock sources, respectively. Soil CO₂ flux responses to biochar amendment decreased with pH of biochar, while biochars with pH of 8.1–9.0 had the greatest enhancement of SOC and MBC contents. Therefore, soil properties, land‐use type, agricultural practice, and biochar characteristics should be taken into account to assess the practical potential of biochar for mitigating climate change.     

The muddle of ages,turnover, transit,and residence times in the carbon cycle

Comparisons among ecosystem models or ecosystem dynamics along environmental gradients commonly rely on metrics that integrate different processes into a useful diagnostic. Terms such as age, turnover, residence, and transit times are often used for this purpose; however, these terms are variably defined in the literature and in many cases, calculations ignore assumptions implicit in their formulas. The aim of this opinion piece was i) to make evident these discrepancies and the incorrect use of formulas, ii) highlight recent results that simplify calculations and may help to avoid confusion, and iii) propose the adoption of simple and less ambiguous terms.     

Evaluating,predicting and mapping belowground carbon stores in Kenyan mangroves

Despite covering only approximately 138 000 km², mangroves are globally important carbon sinks with carbon density values three to four times that of terrestrial forests. A key challenge in evaluating the carbon benefits from mangrove forest conservation is the lack of rigorous spatially resolved estimates of mangrove sediment carbon stocks; most mangrove carbon is stored belowground. Previous work has focused on detailed estimations of carbon stores over relatively small areas, which has obvious limitations in terms of generality and scope of application. Most studies have focused only on quantifying the top 1 m of belowground carbon (BGC). Carbon stored at depths beyond 1 m, and the effects of mangrove species, location and environmental context on these stores, are poorly studied. This study investigated these variables at two sites (Gazi and Vanga in the south of Kenya) and used the data to produce a country‐specific BGC predictive model for Kenya and map BGC store estimates throughout Kenya at spatial scales relevant for climate change research, forest management and REDD+ (reduced emissions from deforestation and degradation). The results revealed that mangrove species was the most reliable predictor of BGC; Rhizophora muronata had the highest mean BGC with 1485.5 t C ha^?1. Applying the species‐based predictive model to a base map of species distribution in Kenya for the year 2010 with a 2.5 m² resolution produced an estimate of 69.41 Mt C [±9.15 95% confidence interval (C.I.)] for BGC in Kenyan mangroves. When applied to a 1992 mangrove distribution map, the BGC estimate was 75.65 Mt C (±12.21 95% C.I.), an 8.3% loss in BGC stores between 1992 and 2010 in Kenya. The country‐level mangrove map provides a valuable tool for assessing carbon stocks and visualizing the distribution of BGC. Estimates at the 2.5 m² resolution provide sufficient details for highlighting and prioritizing areas for mangrove conservation and restoration.     

若尔盖草甸退化对土壤碳、氮和碳稳定同位素的影响

为了解不同退化阶段高寒草甸土壤碳、氮和碳稳定同位素的差异,对若尔盖湿地内沼泽草甸、草原化草甸、退化草甸3个阶段土壤的碳、氮和碳稳定同位素进行了分析.结果表明:若尔盖湿地草甸土壤δ¹³C 值介于-26.21‰～-24.72‰之间,土壤δ¹³C 值随土层加深而增大.土壤δ¹³C 值与有机碳含量对数值呈线性负相关.表层土壤(0～10 cm)δ¹³C值大小顺序为草原化草甸>退化草甸>沼泽草甸,β值大小顺序为草原化草甸>沼泽草甸>退化草甸.沼泽草甸、草原化草甸、退化草甸0～30 cm 土壤碳含量分别为105.32、42.11和31.12 g·kg^-1,氮含量分别为8.74、3.41和2.81 g·kg^-1,C/N分别为11.26、11.23和10.89.随着草甸的退化,土壤碳、氮呈降低趋势,退化草甸C/N值低于沼泽草甸和草原化草甸.随着土层深度加深,碳、氮含量呈现降低趋势.草甸退化导致的土壤δ¹³C 值差异主要发生在表层0～10 cm.3个退化阶段中,退化草甸土壤的β值和C/N最低,表明退化草甸土壤矿化作用较强.     

Soil carbon saturation: concept,evidence and evaluation

Current estimates of soil C storage potential are based on models or factors that assume linearity between C input levels and C stocks at steady-state, implying that SOC stocks could increase without limit as C input levels increase. However, some soils show little or no increase in steady-state SOC stock with increasing C input levels suggesting that SOC can become saturated with respect to C input. We used long-term field experiment data to assess alternative hypotheses of soil carbon storage by three simple models: a linear model (no saturation), a one-pool whole-soil C saturation model, and a two-pool mixed model with C saturation of a single C pool, but not the whole soil. The one-pool C saturation model best fit the combined data from 14 sites, four individual sites were best-fit with the linear model, and no sites were best fit by the mixed model. These results indicate that existing agricultural field experiments generally have too small a range in C input levels to show saturation behavior, and verify the accepted linear relationship between soil C and C input used to model SOM dynamics. However, all sites combined and the site with the widest range in C input levels were best fit with the C-saturation model. Nevertheless, the same site produced distinct effective stabilization capacity curves rather than an absolute C saturation level. We conclude that the saturation of soil C does occur and therefore the greatest efficiency in soil C sequestration will be in soils further from C saturation.

服务双碳目标的中国人工林生态系统碳增汇途径

中国在相对较低的经济发展水平条件下提出了"碳达峰、碳中和"目标，在全球气候治理中起着关键作用。中国是全球人工林面积最多的国家，中国森林生态系统碳储量增加的主要贡献者是人工林，是中国陆地碳汇的主要来源，具有较高的碳汇增长潜力，加强人工林碳增汇方案研究对中国实现"碳达峰、碳中和"目标具有非常重要的作用。研究梳理了中国人工林生态系统碳汇能力提升的主要因子和环节，分别从增加碳汇强度型增汇、保护修复型增汇、减少碳排放型增汇、技术提高型增汇和市场引领型增汇5个方面提出了12条人工林碳增汇途径，以期为中国实现"碳达峰、碳中和"目标作出更大贡献。