共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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首次报道了在江西省南昌市南昌县与进贤县发现的柳叶菜科原产美洲一归化种:翼茎水丁香(Ludwigiadecurrens Walt.),茎具翼,蒴果方柱形,特征明显,易与国产同属植物区分。对其特征和生境信息进行了描述,并简要讨论了其潜在的入侵风险。 相似文献
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中国菊科植物一新归化属--黄菊属 总被引：36，自引：0，他引：36
报道了在河北和天津发现的菊科一新记录属和一新记录种,即黄菊属Flaveria Juss.及二齿黄菊F. bidentis (L.) Kuntze,并提供墨线图.黄菊属与万寿菊属Tagetes L.和天人菊属Gaillardia Fouger.近缘,它们的共同特征是花序托无托片;不同点在于黄菊属叶对生或交互对生,常基部连合,头状花序在枝顶聚集成平顶形的伞房状或近球形的复合花序,花黄色,舌状花1(-2),冠毛缺. 相似文献
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陈又生 《热带亚热带植物学报》2010,18(1):47-48
蓝花野茼蒿Crassocephdum rubens(Juss.ex Jacq.)S.Moore是一种原产非洲的常见菊科杂草,近年在我国云南发现有逸生,为我国新记录的归化种. 相似文献
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报道了在华南地区广西发现的菊科Asteraceae泽兰族EuPatorieae一个新归化属——裸冠菊属GymnDcDmnis DC．。它在形态上接近于下田菊属Adenostemma J．R．Forst．＆G.Forst．,但区别在于裸冠菊属无冠毛。依据在中国所采集的标本详细描述了该属在中国的唯一代表种裸冠菊Gymnocoronis spilanthoides （D．Don ex Hook．＆Arn.）DC．的形态特征,并讨论了其地理分布和进入中国的可能途径。 相似文献
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该文报道了在泰国北部和中国西南部的菊科一个新归化属——苹果蓟属(Centratherum Cass.)。依据所采集的标本,详细描述了该属在东南亚大陆的唯一代表亚种苹果蓟 [Centratherum punctatum Cass. Subsp. fruticosum(S. Vidal)K. Kirkman ex Shih H. Chen, M. J. Wu & S. M. Li],并配以插图。苹果蓟与其所在属的其他种的区别在于该亚种叶片菱形至椭圆形,叶缘具不规则锯齿,先端微尖,总苞片基部硬化,先端无芒。文中还提供了苹果蓟的分布图,并讨论了其可能的传播途径。 相似文献
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报道了中国菊科2新归化植物:短舌花金钮扣(Acmella brachyglossa Cass.)和粉黄缨绒花(Emilia praetermissa Milne-Redh.)。短舌花金钮扣原产美洲中部和南部以及加勒比海,我国台湾有逸生,最近在广州黄埔区发现1归化居群,而此前浙江象山县报道的本种新记录实为白花金钮扣[A. radicans var. debilis (Kunth) R. K. Jansen]的错误鉴定。粉黄缨绒花原产于西非,我国台湾有逸生,最近在广州市和鹤山市发现了大量的归化居群,而且生长旺盛并排斥其他草本植物,具有明显的入侵性,应引起相关部门的重视。凭证标本保存在中国科学院华南植物园标本馆(IBSC)。 相似文献
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文章报道了发现于南昌的中国菊科植物一新归化属种——软金菀属(Bradburia Torr.&A.Gray)和柔毛软金菀(新拟)[B.pilosa(Nutt.) Semple]。基于核基因(ITS)构建的系统发育树确定了软金菀属的系统发育位置,即与金菀属[Chrysopsis(Nuttall) Elliot]互为近缘属。与金菀属相比,该属的主要特征为茎具柔毛或糙毛,基生叶具柄或近无柄,头状花序单生。柔毛软金菀与该属其他种相比,主要特征为植株密被柔毛,基生叶宿存且近无柄,舌状花和管状花均具2层冠毛且内层冠毛的长度是外层冠毛的5~10倍。该种最初于2015年在南昌市昌北机场出现,可能由临时经停此处的北美一航班携带而来,2022年底已经扩散到15 km外的经济技术开发区,呈现明显入侵态势。 相似文献
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该文报道了广西维管植物 5 个新记录属和种,即双角草属(Diodia L.)、伏金腰箭属(Calyptocarpus Less.)、兔儿伞属(Syneilesis Maxim.)、凤头黍属(Acroceras Stapf)和落芒草属(Piptatherum P.Beauv.),以及隶属于该 5 属的双角草(Diodia virginiana L.)、金腰箭舅(Calyptocarpus vialis Less.)、兔儿伞[Syneilesis aconitifolia(Bunge)Maxim.]、山鸡谷草[Acroceras tonkinense(Balansa)C.E.Hubbard ex Bor]和钝颖落芒草(Piptatherum kuoi S.M.Phillips&Z.L.Wu).其中双角草和金腰箭舅为归化种,文中提供了2 个新归化种的形态描述和照片,并对其入侵性给予了评估;兔儿伞、山鸡谷草和钝颖落芒草为本土植物,提供了其特征集要描述和照片,并对其生物地理学意义进行了讨论. 相似文献
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Inderjit 《American journal of botany》1998,85(1):64-69
Allelopathic interference may operate simultaneously, sequentially, and/or in combination with other mechanisms of interference such as nutrient interference. It is hypothesized that under field conditions, allelopathic plants may cause changes in chemical characteristics of soils in addition to qualitative and quantitative changes in the allelochemical status of soil infested with the allelopathic plant. To test this hypothesis, the perennial allelopathic weed Pluchea lanceolata was selected. A comparative study of P. lanceolata-infested soils, and soils 10, 20, 30, and 40 m away from the weed was undertaken to examine soil characteristics and quantitative and qualitative variation in soil phenolics. Impact of seasonal weather on the biotic and chemical characteristics of P. lanceolata, and quantitative variation in phenolics of weed-infested soils was also studied. Growth experiments were conducted to study the seasonal impact on allelopathic interference of P. lanceolata toward certain crop plants. Results indicate that P. lanceolata influences soil properties in addition to causing variation in soil phenolics. Two-way tests (i.e., analyzing allelopathic and nutrient interference) should be run regardless of whether one is studying allelopathy or nutrient interference and it is important to test allelopathy in all studies dealing with nutrient interference. 相似文献
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Eudesmane-type sesquiterpenoids 3-(2,3-epoxy-2-methylbutyryloxy)-4-formoxy-11-hydroxy-6,7-dehydroeudesman-8-one (1) and 3-(2,3-epoxy-2-methylbutyryloxy)-4,7,11-trihydroxyeudesman-8-one (2), together with 10 known structurally related eudesmanes were isolated from the CHCl3 extract of aerial parts of Pluchea sagittalis (Lamarck) Cabrera. Their structures were deduced by extensive application of 1 and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques and high and low resolution CIMS. X-ray crystallographic analysis of the known compound 3-(2,3-epoxy-2-methylbutyryloxy)-4-formoxycuauthemone (9) is reported here for the first time, and confirms the structural features for the series of the reported eudesmanes. All eudesmanes were tested for their antifeedant activity by incorporating them to an artificial diet of larvae of the polyphagous insect Spodoptera frugiperda at a concentration of 100 ppm. Our results, from feeding choice tests, indicated that most of the compounds deter larval feeding at the cited concentration. 相似文献
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Hidayat Hussain Ahmed Al‐Harrasi Ghulam Abbas Najeeb Ur Rehman Fazal Mabood Ishtiaq Ahmed Muhammad Saleem Teunis van Ree Ivan R. Green Saeed Anwar Amin Badshah Afzal Shah Iftikhar Ali 《化学与生物多样性》2013,10(11):1944-1971
In this review, literature data on phytochemical and biological investigations on the genus Pluchea are compiled. Pluchea is a genus of flowering plants in the Asteraceae family and comprises ca. 80 species distributed mainly in Northern and Southern America, Africa, Asia, and Australia. Sesquiterpenoids and flavonoids are the main constituents of this genus. Compounds isolated from plants of the Pluchea genus display a variety of biological properties, viz., anticancer, antileishmanial, immunosuppressive, antioxidant, anti‐acetylcholinesterase, antimicrobial, trypanocidal, hepatoprotective, cytotoxic, larvicidal, anti‐ulcer, anti‐inflammatory, and antinociceptive activities. 相似文献
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M. Bona 《Plant biosystems》2016,150(5):1083-1086
Centaurea amanosensis M. Bona, a new species of Asteraceae from Hatay province of Turkey is described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar to C. cheirolopha (Fenzl) Wagenitz, C. lycopifolia Boiss. & Kotschy ex Boiss. & Kotschy, and C. stevenii Bieb. (Section Pseudoseridia), but it differs mainly in life form, general habit, leaves and achene characters. The IUCN conservation status of Critically Endangered (CR) should be applied to C. amanosensis. 相似文献
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Miscanthus sinensis (Anderss.) is a perennial grass species that has been grown widely as an ornamental since the late 1800s and is now being considered for bioenergy production in the United States. With its ability to be grown from seed and tolerate cold climates, this species offers practical advantages over current cultivars of the higher‐yielding hybrid species, M.×giganteus. Yet a large‐scale release of M. sinensis for bioenergy production in colder northern regions could result in new invasions into natural areas. We show, with reference to historical records and data collected in six wild US populations of M. sinensis in 2009, that ornamental varieties of this species have a long history of localized escape in the Eastern United States, primarily within the Appalachian region. To prevent further escape and gene flow, we recommend the development of sterile or functionally sterile varieties of M. sinensis or the restriction of its usage as a donor of genetic material to new sterile cultivars of M. ×giganteus. Other appropriate precautions for new biomass varieties include experimental demonstration of low invasiveness in the target region ahead of commercial production, along with postintroduction stewardship programs. 相似文献
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A taxonomic revision of the genus Alternanthera (Amaranthaceae) in Italy is here presented. Field surveys were carried out during the period 2007–2013. Thirty-six herbaria (both European and American) were consulted as well as extensive literature was analyzed. Four taxa are recognized, all of them to be considered aliens native to South America. Information about nomenclature (accepted names, main synonyms, and types), morphology, chromosome number, alien status (at national and regional levels), occurrence in Italy (at regional and provincial scale), ecology (preferential habitat, phenology, and elevation), taxonomical notes, and Italian vernacular names were provided for each taxon. A diagnostic key was given. For the nomenclatural purposes the generic name Alternanthera and its type was discussed, and the names A. paronychioides and A. pungens were studied and typified (lecto- and neotype, respectively) on specimens preserved at PH and P. 相似文献
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Aim To determine the composition and biogeographical origins of the native and naturalized flora of braided shingle riverbeds in New Zealand and whether the proportion of naturalized species is greater than in similar habitats elsewhere in the world. To test whether regional species pools, landscape matrix configuration, and local riverbed environment are all equally important in determining community structure in these systems. Location The braided reaches of four catchments on each of the eastern and western sides of North Island and South Island, New Zealand. Methods Plotless records of all native and naturalized seed plant and fern species on disturbed mobile surfaces were made over the length of four rivers. Altitude, climate variables, riverbed attributes, and surrounding land‐cover from maps were recorded for each site. For all species, the taxonomy, life form, origin and history, and presence within the province through which the rivers flowed, was obtained from published floras. Direct and indirect ordination and variance partitioning were employed to examine how native and naturalized species composition varies among and within rivers, and the degree to which this variation reflects climate, characteristic of riverbeds, and the surrounding land‐cover. Regression was used to determine how much introduction date and native geographical range influence the frequency of naturalized species. Results The total riverbed flora of 289 species comprises 40% native species and 60% naturalized species, both dominated by Asteraceae and Poaceae. The relative contributions of other plant families differ, and the two groups comprise different life‐form spectra. Native species occur across fewer rivers (mean 1.6 rivers) than naturalized species (mean 2.1 rivers). Species common in at least one river system tend to be widespread, occurring in at least three rivers. The rivers differ in their floras, with distinctions between North Island and South Island, and eastern and western rivers. The South Island rivers have more native species and a higher proportion of their regional native species pools than North Island rivers, whereas they have a lower proportion of their naturalized species pools. Introduction date and native geographical range are correlated with frequency of individual naturalized species. Geographical position and climate, riverbed variables of substrate size and seepage presence, and the type of adjacent land‐cover, differ between rivers and are significantly related to species composition. Land‐cover variables alone account for 46% of the explained variation in species composition, environmental variables alone 32% and components of the environment and land‐cover that co‐vary, 22%. Main conclusions New Zealand shingle riverbeds are among the riparian communities in the world most invaded by naturalized species but comparisons are difficult because studies of similar riverbeds are rare. New Zealand riverbeds are dominated by short‐lived terrestrial species from Eurasia. Native species are most frequent in South Island rivers draining extensive high mountains, and their abundances are determined to a greater extent by riverbed processes than are those of the naturalized species, which are more abundant when the surrounding landscape is modified. The distribution of the naturalized flora is not yet at equilibrium with the environment. Each river has a distinctive flora determined by ambient environmental factors, aspects of the riverbed environment itself, adjacent land‐cover reflecting the presence of native vegetation, the intensity of human modification or use, and invasion history. 相似文献