Application of the names Crataegus calycina Peterm. and C. oxyacantha L.

Authentic herbarium material of Crataegus calycina Petermann (1849) supports Hrabetová-Uhrová's contention in 1969 that this is conspecific with C. macrocarpa Hegetschweiler; the name C. calycina , for which a Petermann specimen in Musée Botanique Cantonal, Lausanne is designated as lectotype, had been incorrectly applied in Flora Europaea.
Examination of the specimens in the Linnaean Herbarium has led to acceptance of Dandy's proposal in 1946 that sheet 643.12 should be designated as the lectotype of C. oxyacantha L. (1753). This specimen is not, as frequently assumed, C. laevigata (Poiret) DC. (C oxyacanthoides Thuill.) but the species described in Flora Europaea as "C. calycina Peterm. subsp. curvisepala (Lindman) Franco". It is suggested that the name C. oxyacantha L. is a source of confusion and should be rejected under Article 69 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. This gives priority to the name C. curvisepala Lindman, which should replace C. calycina Peterm. in Flora Europaea.     

Early–flowering taxa of Euphrasia (Scrophulariaceae) on Gotland, Sweden

Two taxa of early–flowering Euphrasia occur on the island of Gotland, Sweden, viz. E. stricla J. P. Wolff ex J. F. Lehm. var. tenuis (Brenner) Jalas and E. stricta var. suecica (Murb. & Wettst. ex Wettst.) Karlsson comb. nov. They are restricted to hay–meadows and, being sensitive to grazing and competition from taller plants, are now disappearing because hay–making on seminatural grassland has lost its economic importance and is being abandoned. Field studies showed that var. tenuis is restricted to meadows of the Arrhenatheretalia type, var. suecica to aspects of Molinietalia which approach Mesobrometum. A statistical analysis of mass collections showed that the best distinguishing character between var. suecica and var. tenuis is that glandular hairs on the leaves are absent or only occasional in the former; in addition, var. suecica has smaller flowers and narrower leaves with a cuneate leaf–base. These differences remained in cultivated material. However, the leaf shape is greatly dependent on vigour and is difficult to use for diagnostic purposes. There is a great deal of variation among populations, especially within var. suecica. Investigation of herbarium material confirmed the results from the analysis of mass collections, and also suggested that introgression from var. tenuis into var. suecica has taken place. Var. tenuis has spread to Gotland, possibly as early as during the Iron Age when haymaking became important, whereas var. suecica may have originated on the island by selection from eglandular, autumnal variants of E. stricta.     

Sulla posizione sistematica di Euphrasia marchesettii Wettst

Abstract

On the systematic position of Euphrasia marchesettii Wettst. B. marchesettii Wettst. is generally considered as a hybrid between E. kerneri Wettst. and a not well mentioned species of subsect. Angustifoliae. Some ecological and phenological observations rouse a doubt on this interpretation and suggest the hypotesis that E. marchesettii may have a common origin with E. kerneri. Its differentiation could be possibly due to specialization in wet communities. A morphometric study was carried out to compare E. marchesettii with its possible ancestors out of subsect. Ciliatae and Angustifoliae. The results of this study show that the highest morfological affinity of E. marchesettii is with E. kerneri; consequently it should be included in subsect. Ciliatae.     

Euphrasia brevilabris Y. F. Wang,Y. S. Lian & G. Z. Du,a new species of the Scrophulariaceae from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,China

Euphrasia brevilabris Y. F. Wang, Y. S. Lian & G. Z. Du, a new species of the Scrophulariaceae from Gannan grassland of Gansu belonging to the east edge of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of China, is described and illustrated. It is related to E. regelii Wettst. by having dense tentacle on the leaves, bracts and calyces, but differs from plant shorter, 3–7 cm high, without ramification, leaves smaller, 3–5 mm long, corolla yellow, the back 3–5 mm long, and labium shorter than muffle. It is also similar to E. pectinata Ten. by bracts obviously bigger than vegetative leaves, but differs from plant shorter, leaves smaller, having dense tentacle on the leaves, bracts and calyces, corolla yellow, labium shorter than muffle.     

Nomenclatural notes on some species of Solanum L. found in Europe

The nomenclatural changes which have become necessary for several species belonging to Solanum section Solanum since they were revised during the preparation of Flora Europaea are given and discussed. S. villosum is now recognized as the correct name for S. luteum , and this has necessitated a new combination for the eglandular subspecies of this taxon, namely, S. villosum Miller subsp. puniceum (Kirschleger) Edmonds. The two species were described simultaneously by Miller, and the precedence of the epithet villosum over the epithet luteum is fully discussed, together with the reasons for the selection of puniceum as the second subspecific name. The species previously referred to as S. melanocerasum is now known to be synonymous with S. scabrum , while S. chenopodioides becomes the correct name for S. sublobatum. Complete lists of synonyms are given for these three species, together with extensive notes on the more controversial and difficult synonymy. Finally, reasons are given to justify the spelling of S. sarrachoides with two r's.     

Taxonomic notes on Polygonaceae from southern tropical Afkica

As part of taxonomic studies of the family Polygonacrae For the Flora Zambesiaca project, two new species from southrrn tropical Africa are described: Persicaria nogueirae S. Ortiz & Paiva, from Zambia and Angola, and Oxygonum annuum S. Ortiz & Paiva, from Zambia. In addition, two new combinations are proposed: Polygonum glomertum Dammer is transferred to the genus Persicaria as Persicaria glomerata (Dammrr) S. Ortiz & Paiva, and Persicaria attemtata (R. Br.) Soják subsp. africana K.L. Wilson is renamed Persicaria madagascariensis (Meisn.) S. Ortiz & Paiva.     

小果青钱柳的分类地位

<正> 钟补求教授于1936年根据采自安徽黄山的模式标本而发表小果青钱柳Pterocarya mi-cropaliurus Tsoong新种时指出,该种与青钱柳的主要区别在于:(1)果实(包括果翅)较小,直径不超过2.5匣米,而在青钱柳则为3—7匣米;(2)果序较短,长约为青钱柳之半;(3)小叶数目较多,通常9—11枚,且较青钱柳为狭小;(4)小叶的锯齿较密较尖,最大的小叶通常每边有60个以上的锯齿,而在青钱柳则通常不到40个。但根据《中国植物志》第二十一卷(以下简称《植物志》),小果青钱柳应为青钱柳Cyclocarya paliurus(Batal.)Iljinsk.的异名。该《植物志》写道:“本种的小叶大小及数目、果翅的形状及大小变异极大,某些极端类型看来好象可以划分成各别的种,但都存在有中间类型,并且也无一定的地理分布限定,因此它必然是一个自然的种”。为此,我们对有关的腊叶材料进行了     

Embriologia Della “Periploca Graeca“ L

Abstract

This article presents results of a field survey of pollinators of two Apocynaceae, Periploca laevigata subsp. angustifolia (Labill.) Markgraf (Periplocoideae) and Caralluma europaea (Guss.) N.E.Br. (Asclepiadoideae) co-occurring on Lampedusa Island, Mediterranean sea. Fifteen species within nine families of Diptera have been identified as pollinators of the two plants. The families involved are Tephritidae, Milichiidae, Trixoscelididae, Scathophagidae, Anthomyiidae, Muscidae, Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, Rhinophoridae. Families of Muscidae and Sarcophagidae are the more represented, respectively with four and three species. P. laevigata subsp. angustifolia seems to have a broader spectrum of pollinators, with 12 species of Diptera involved, while C. europaea has 8 species of Diptera as pollinators. Five species of Diptera are shared between the two plant species. The presented data are the first records of pollinators for P. laevigata subsp. angustifolia and C. europaea and confirm that both taxa are fly pollinated, though they do not conform exactly to the sapromyiophilous syndrome. The number of pollinators identified indicated that the morphological and functional floral specialization of the two taxa cover a wide number of pollinators with a similar biology.     

Flora Europaea: the background to the revision of Volume One

AKEROYD, J. R. & WALTERS, S. M. 1987. Flora Europaea: the background to the revision of Volume One. Flora Europaea, published 1964-80, is a synthetic catalogue of Europe's vascular plants. Its publication has provided a relatively stable taxonomic and nomenclatural framework for the study of the flora of the continent, and has stimulated much further research and publication. The revision of the first volume of Flora Europaea, at Reading University, has been necessary in order to accommodate new information, to satisfy the continued demand for a complete Flora of Europe, and to update the original text. The revision is being carried out in cooperation with other European and Mediterranean floristic projects.     

The Taxonomy of European Vascular Plants: A Review of The Past Half-Century and the Influence of the Flora Europaea Project

Using the newly-completed second edition of the first volume of Flora Europaea as a starting-point, the author, a member (until 1993) of the Flora Europaea Editorial Committee, reviews the aims and scope of the whole project, and considers what influence it has had on European vascular plant taxonomy in the post-war period. The prospects of completing the second edition are discussed, and finally some comment is made on the present difficulties for taxonomists     

The infraspecific taxa of Pleiotaxis huillensis (Mutisieae, Asteraceae)

The species from Angola Pleiotaxis huillensis (Mutisieae, Asteraceae) is subdivided into three subspecies and one variety. Specifically, P. huillensis subsp axillaris and P. huillensis subsp. huillensis var. macrocephala are described as new taxa, and a new nomenclatural combination is proposed ( P. huillensis subsp. argentea ).     

Taxonomic status of the subspecies of Teucrium lamiifolium in Turkey: reevaluation based on macro‐ and micro‐morphology,anatomy and chemistry

Teucrium stachyophyllum P. H. Davis was first described as a separate species in the ‘Syrian, Lebanon and Palestine Flora’, but was reduced to a subspecies of T. lamiifolium d’Urv. in the ‘Turkish Flora’. Studies on the macro‐ and micro‐morphology as well as the anatomy of populations of T. lamiifolium subsp. stachyophyllum (P. H. Davis) Hedge & Ekim and T. lamiifolium subsp. lamiifolium in Turkey have been carried out based on herbarium specimens and field observations. The results from the anatomical studies on stems and leaves show that although the two taxa are similar in stem anatomy, they differ in terms of mesophyll thickness and occurrence of crystals in the upper epidermal cells of the leaf. Light and scanning electron microscope analyzes revealed striking differences in colour, size, sculpture and gland density between nutlets of the two taxa. Morphological studies also showed that there were important differences between the two taxa in terms of inflorescence, indumentum, and stem length and thickness. In addition, the essential oils from aerial parts of T. lamiifolium subsp. stachyophyllum and T. lamiifolium subsp. lamiifolium were isolated by steam distillation and analysed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The major components were characterized as β‐caryophyllene (23.5–44.8%), trans‐β‐bergamotene (22.4–26.4%), germacrene D (22.2%) and (Z)‐β‐farnesene (14.0%) for subp. lamiifolium and trans‐β‐bergamotene (38.1–41.1%) and β‐caryophyllene (8.7–8.9%) for subsp. stachyophyllum, respectively. As a result of the studies, it is proposed that the taxon treated as T. lamiifolium subsp. stachyophyllum in the Turkish flora should be raised to specific rank as T. stachyophyllum.     

A new taxonomic treatment of the Festuca ovina L. aggregate (Poaceae) in the British Isles

A new taxonomic treatment of the Festuca ovina L. aggregate (Poaceae) in the British Isles. A wide range of morphological, anatomical and cytological characters was collected and analysed by a variety of methods, some taxometric. As a result nine species are recognized in the British Isles, one (F. glauca Vill.) only as a garden plant and two (F. huonii Auquier and F. armoricana Kerguélen) only in the Channel Isles. Two other species sometimes claimed for the British Isles (F. guestfalica Boenn. ex Reichb. and F. indigesta Boiss.) are excluded for various reasons given. One species (F. ovina L.) is divided into three subspecies: the diploid subsp. ovina (commonest in the north); and the tetraploid subsp. hirtula (Hackel ex Travis) M. Wilkinson (the commonest taxon of the aggregate in the British Isles) and subsp. ophioliticola (Kerguélen) M. Wilkinson (scattered throughout the British Isles, but commonest on chalk and limestone and not restricted to serpentine soils as once thought).     

百合科两个分类群学名的订正

笔者在编研《中国生物物种名录》第1卷第3分册(百合科——五桠果科)的过程中,发现百合科两个物种在《中国植物志》和Flora of China中均使用了错误的名称,需要做出新处理。其中,有斑百合的正确名称应为Lilium concolor var.pulchellum(Fisch.)Baker,而非《中国植物志》使用的晚出等名Lilium concolor var.pulchellum(Fisch.)Regel,黄花油点草的正确名称应为Tricyrtis maculata(D.Don)J.F.Macbr.,而非Flora of China使用的Tricyrtis pilosa Wall.。     

Revision of Central European taxa of Festuca ser. Psammophilae Pawlus: morphometrical, karyological and AFLP analysis

The taxonomic status of Central European taxa Festuca pallens s.l., F. psammophila, F. polesica, and F. vaginata was revised using the multivariate morphological analysis of well karyologically documented plants, and AFLP analysis. Six species were recognised: F. pallens Host (relict rocky habitats; diploid); F. csikhegyensis Simonk. (base-rich rocks; tetraploid); F. psammophila (?elak.) Fritsch (acidic sands) with two subspecies, F. p. subsp. psammophila (E Germany, Poland, Bohemia) and F. p. subsp. dominii (Krajina) P. ?marda (SW Moravia, NE Austria, SW Slovakia, C and E Poland); F. vaginata Willd. (base-rich sands mainly in the Pannonian Lowland); F. polesica Zapa?. (seaside and inland sand dunes); and F. pseudovaginata Penksza (base-rich sands in the Pannonian Lowland). Identification key and distribution maps as well as informations about type specimens, exsiccata collections, synonyms, and hybrids are provided. Evolutionary relationships with the assumed putative ancestor F. pallens and the rather isolated position of F. polesica are discussed.     

中国链格孢属的分类研究 Ⅳ.生于夹竹桃科和番木瓜科植物上的新种和新变种(英文)

报道生于夹竹桃科（Ａｐｏｃｙｎａｃｅａｅ）植物上的链格孢新种２个、新变种２个,即络石链格孢（Ａｌｔｅｒｎａｒｉａ　ｔｒａｃｈｅｌｏｓｐｅｒｍｉ　Ｔ．Ｙ　Ｚｈａｎｇ,Ｘ,Ｆ,Ｌｉｎ　ｅｔ　Ｗ．Ｑ．Ｃｈｅｎ）、细极链格孢络石生变种［Ａ．ｔｅｎｕｉｓｓｉｍａ（Ｎｅｅｓｅｘ　Ｆｒ．）Ｗｉｌｔｓｈｉｒｅｖａｒ．ｔｒａｃｈｅｌｏｓｐｅｒｍｉｃｏｌａ　Ｔ．Ｙ．Ｚｈａｎｇ,Ｘ．Ｆ．ＬｉｎｅｔＷ．Ｑ．Ｃｈｅｎ］、细极链格孢长春花变种［Ａ．ｔｅｎｕｉｓｓｉｍａ（ＮｅｅｓｅｘＦｒ．）Ｗｉｌｔｓｈｉｒｅｖａｒ．ｃａｔｈａｒａｎｔｈｉＴ,Ｙ．ＺｈａｎｇｅｔＸ．Ｆ．Ｌｉｎ］和长春花生链格孢（Ａ.ｃａｔｈａｒａｎｔｈｉｃｏｌａＴ．Ｙ．Ｚｈａｎｇ）,及生于番木瓜科（Ｃａｒｉｃａｃｅａｅ）植物上的番木瓜链格孢（Ａ．ｃａｒｉｃａｅ　Ｔ．Ｙ．Ｚｈａｎｇ,Ｗ．Ｑ．Ｃｈｅｎ　ｅｔ　Ｘ．Ｆ．Ｌｉｎ）．新种和新变种均有拉丁文特征描述,并附绘图．新分类单位的模式标本分别存放在西北农业大学真菌标本室（ＨＭＵＡＢＯ）和山东农业大学植物病理标本室（ＨＳＡＵＰ）．