萹蓄的化学成分研究

从药用植物蓄 (Polygonumaviculare)全草的丙酮提取物中分离鉴定了 10个化合物 ,经波谱学鉴定为 :山奈酚 (kaempferol) (1) ,槲皮素 (quercetin) (2 ) ,胡桃宁 (juglanin) (3) ,黄芪甙 (astragalin) (4) ,蓄甙 (avicularin) (5 ) ,槲皮甙 (quercetrin) (6 ) ,杨梅树皮甙 (myricitrin) (7) ,desmanthin 1(8) ,loliolide(9)和丁香脂素 (syringaresinol) (10 )。其中 ,化合物 (8) ,(9) ,(10 )为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

ENTOMOLOGIA SINICA Vol. 11, 2004 Index to author

Abd一Rabou,Shaaban(2)149AleXander,patriek J.(2)r25Bai,Yao一yu白耀宇(4)275Cao,Hai一qun操海群(4)267Chen,Guo一hua陈国华(2)143Chen,Shao一ying陈少英(1)37Chen,Tian一Ye陈天业(2)125Cheng,DOng一mei程东美(1)19Cheng,Jia-an程家安(1)1,11Chu,Chang一chi朱昌棋(2)125Cong,Bin从斌(2)99Dong,V叭三n一ge董文鸽(1)61,(3)199Etebari,K盯van(4)243Fan,Jun一fa范俊发(1)19Fang,Zhi一gang方志刚(4)303Ge,Feng戈峰(3)183Geng,BO一wen耿博闻(2)59GaO,Xi一wu高希武(3)173Granados,R,.R.(3)165Guo,Li一jun郭利军(1)61,(3)199G…     

ENTOMOLOGIA SINICA VOLUME3,1996

CONTRIBUTING AUTHORSBu,Wenjun 卜文俊(2)111Chen,Jiahua陈家鲤(1)29Chen,Jianxiu陈建秀(1)33;(2)138Chen,Xiwen陈熙文(4)314Chen,Xiong陈雄(1)49Cul,Changyuan崔昌元(2)117Cul,Yongsheng崔永胜(2)123;(3)213Du,Jiawei杜家纬(2)172Feng,guolei冯国蕾(1)70Jin,Daochao金道超(4)323Gao,Lingwang高灵旺(3)256Gao,Xiwu高希武(l)80;(3)243Guo,Ziguang郭子光(2)95Gut,Hong归鸿(2)106Gullan,P.J.(4)368He,Fengqin何凤琴(l)70Hou,Zhaoyuan候照M(1)49 Hu,Sopn胡思勤(4)314 Huang,Llnsheng黄林生(4)314 Huang,Yongning黄永平…     

肾茶的化学成分

从肾茶 (Clerodendranthusspicatus)的地上部分共分离了 19个化合物 ,分别被鉴定为 5 羟基 7,3′ ,4′ 三甲氧基黄酮 (1) ,鼠尾草素 (2 ) ,5 羟基 6 ,7,3′ ,4′ 四甲氧基黄酮 (3) ,泽兰黄素 (4 ) ,3′ 羟基 5 ,7,8,4′ 四甲氧基黄酮 (5 ) ,异橙黄酮 (6 ) ,黄芪苷 (7) ,异槲皮素 (8) ,咖啡酸 (9) ,对 -羟基苯甲醛 (10 ) ,对 -羟基苯甲酸 (11) ,原儿茶醛 (12 ) ,原儿茶酸 (13) ,3,4 二羟基苯酰甲醇 (14 ) ,迷迭香酸 (15 ) ,迷迭香酸乙酯 (16 ) ,秦皮乙素(17) ,neoorthosipholA (18)和β 谷甾醇 (19)。迷迭香酸和其它酚性化合物可能与该植物的抗菌、消炎的药效有着直接的关系。     

《云南植物研究》编辑委员会

主编 (Editor-in-Chief):吴征镒(WU Zheng-Yi, C. Y. WU) 副主编 (Associate Editor-in-Chief):周俊(ZHOU Jun) 臧穆 (ZANG Mu) 编委 (Members of the Board):(以姓氏笔画为序,为常务编委) 汤彦承 (TANG Yan-Cheng) 许再富(XU Zai-Fu) 孙汉董 (SUN Hah-Dong) 朱维明(ZHU Wei-Ming) 李恒 (LI Heng) 李林 (LI Lin-Chu) 李锡文 (LI Xi-Wen) 匡廷云(KUANG Ting-Yun)     

牛虻化学成分研究

对中药牛虻的化学成分进行了研究,采用正相及反相色谱法、凝胶色谱法和高效液相色谱法等从中分离得到23个化合物,并用核磁共振波谱、质谱等方法解析了这些化合物的结构,分别命名为(1R,4S,9S)-1-ethoxyoctahydro-5H,10H-dipyrrolo[1,2-α:1,2'-d]pyrazine-5,10-dione(1)、threo N-((4E)-1,3-dihydroxytetradec-4-en-2-yl)acetamide(2)、3-[(3-phenyl-2E-propen-1-yl)oxy]-1,2-propanediol(3)、3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propanol(4)、1-(2-ethylphenyl)-1,2-ethanediol(5)、2-(2-hydroxyethyl)benzoic acid(6)、1-phenyl-1,2,3-propanetriol(7)、1-phenyl-1,2-propanediol(8)、1-phenyl-1-hydroxy acetic acid(9)、3-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid(10)、methyl 3-phenylpropanoate(11)、methyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate(12)、ethyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate(13)、4-hydroxybenzoic acid ethyl ester(14)、benzoic acid ester(15)、(E)-4-methoxycinnamic acid(16)、4-methoxyphenol(17)、4-hydroxybenzaldehyde(18)、4-methylphenol(19)、4-methylacetophenone(20)、苯甲酸(21)、邻羟基苯甲酸(22)和间羟基苯甲酸(23)。其中化合物1和2为新化合物,其余化合物均为首次从牛虻中分离得到。化合物1是一个环二肽衍生物,其绝对构型经ECD计算确定。     

子一代表型数的估计式

设A_(11)A_(12)B_(11)B_(12)…N_(11)N_(12)和A_(21)A_(21)B_(21)B_(21)…N_(21)N_(22)分别是亲本P_1和P_2的基因型;a_(11),a_(12),a_(21)和a_(22)是控制同一性状的一组具有显隐关系的等位基因(a=A,…,N)。假定这n组等位基因互不连锁,且一组等位基因与另一组等位基因间没有相互作用,那么公式     

饲养条件下白(既鱼)豚微量元素的积累

白(鱼既)豚(Lipotes vexillifer)是仅分布于我国长江中下游水域的一种珍稀濒危动物.长江水体污染(如有毒元素等)被认为可能是白(鱼既)豚种群致危的主要因素之一(Yang,1997).迄今,有关白(鱼既)豚体内微量元素的研究尚很少,只有陆佩洪等(1983)、杨利寿等(1988)曾报道过白(鱼既)豚组织中铁(Fe)、铜 (Cu)、锌 (Zn)、锰 (Mn)、镍(Ni)、铅 (Pb)、汞(Hg)和镉 (Cd)在某些组织器官中的积累水平.本文对1头饲养条件下白(鱼既)豚"淇淇"体内的必需元素Cu、Zn、锰 (Mn)、钼 (Mo)、硒 (Se)和有毒或非必需元素砷 (As)、Cd、铝 (Al)的积累特征进行了报道,以期为白(鱼既)豚的保护提供基础资料.     

中国陆地生态系统土壤氮矿化速率和硝化速率及影响因素——基于文献数据的统计分析

~(15)N同位素稀释技术是测量土壤氮总矿化速率(N_(min))和总硝化速率(N_(nit))的有效方法。为了解中国陆地生态系统土壤N_(min)和N_(nit)的空间格局及影响因素,本文基于采用~(15)N同位素稀释技术研究氮总转化速率(室内培养)的121篇文献,收集中国陆地生态系统(林地、草地、农田)N_(min)和N_(nit)数据进行分析。结果表明:1)全国土壤N_(min)和N_(nit)分别为6.03 mg N kg~(-1)d~(-1)和7.45 mg N kg~(-1)d~(-1)。北方土壤N_(min)(8.39 mg N kg~(-1)d~(-1))显著高于南方土壤(4.66 mg N kg~(-1)d~(-1));N_(nit)(8.40 mg N kg~(-1)d~(-1))高于南方土壤(6.96 mg N kg~(-1)d~(-1)),但差异性不显著(P0.05)。2)不同生态系统土壤N_(min)和N_(nit)的大小关系为:草地农田林地;农田草地林地。草地土壤N_(min)与林地、农田差异显著,显著高于林地(P=0.002)、农田(P=0.005);农田土壤N_(nit)与林地差异显著(P0.001),与草地差异不显著(P0.05)。3)北方土壤N_(min)和N_(nit)主要影响因素均为pH,与pH显著正相关;南方土壤N_(min)主要影响因素是总氮(Total Nitrogen, TN),与TN显著正相关;N_(nit)主要影响因素是铵态氮(Ammonium nitrogen, NH~+_4-N),与NH~+_4-N显著负相关。4)林地生态系统N_(min)和N_(nit)主要影响因素分别为TN和NH~+_4-N,N_(min)与TN显著正相关;N_(nit)与NH~+_4-N显著负相关;草地N_(min)和N_(nit)主要影响因素分别为土壤碳氮比(C/N)和总碳(Total Carbon, TC),N_(min)与土壤C/N显著负相关,N_(nit)与TC显著正相关;农田N_(min)和N_(nit)主要影响因素均为土壤C/N,与土壤C/N显著负相关。     

《云南植物研究》编辑委员会

主编 (Editor-in-Chief):吴征镒(WU Zheng-Yi, C. Y. WU) 副主编 (Associate Editor-in-Chief):周俊(ZHOU Jun) 臧穆 (ZANG Mu) 编委 (Members of the Board):(以姓氏笔画为序,为常务编委) 汤彦承 (TANG Yan-Cheng) 许再富(XU Zai-Fu) 孙汉董 (SUN Hah-Dong) 朱维明(ZHU Wei-Ming) 李恒 (LI Heng) 李林 (LI Lin-Chu) 李锡文 (LI Xi-Wen) 匡廷云(KUANG Ting-Yun)##属性不符合     

Ribosomal DNA gene and phylogenetic relationships of Diplura and lower Hexapods

The monophyly of Diplura and its phylogenetic relationship with other hexapods are important for understanding the phylogeny of Hexapoda. The complete 18SrRNAgene and partial 28SrRNA gene (D3-D5 region) from 2 dipluran species (Campodeidae and Japygidae), 2 proturan species, 3 collembolan species, and 1 locust species were sequenced. Combining related sequences in GenBank, phylogenetic trees of Hexapoda were constructed by MP method using a crustaceanArtemia salina as an outgroup. The results indicated that: (i) the integrated data of 18SrDNA and 28SrDNA could provide better phylogenetic information, which well supported the monophyly of Diplura; (ii) Diplura had a close phylogenetic relationship to Protura with high bootstrap support.     

Testing for misleading effects in the phylogenetic reconstruction of ancient lineages of hexapods: influence of character dependence and character choice in analyses of 28S rRNA sequences

The present analyses employ the almost complete sequence of the 28S rRNA gene to investigate phylogenetic relationships among Pancrustacea, placing special emphasis on the position of basal hexapod lineages. This study utilizes a greater number of characters and taxa of Protura, Collembola and Diplura than previous analyses to focus on conflicts in the reconstruction of the early steps in hexapod evolution. Phylogenetic trees are mainly based on Bayesian approaches, but likewise include analyses with Maximum Likelihood and Maximum Parsimony. Different analyses, including the application of a mixed DNA/RNA substitution model, were performed to narrow possible misleading effects of non-stationarity of nucleotide frequencies, saturation and character independence down to a minimum. This is the first time that a mixed DNA/RNA model is applied to analyse 28S rRNA sequences of basal hexapods. All methods yielded strong support for the monophyly of Collembola, Diplura, Dicondylia and Insecta s.str. , as well as for a cluster composed of Diplura and Protura ('Nonoculata-hypothesis'). However, the last cluster may be an artifact caused by a shared GC bias of the 28S sequences between these orders, in combination with a long branch effect. The instability of the position of the 'Nonoculata' within Pancrustacea further bears out the misleading effect of non-stationarity of nucleotide frequencies. Protura and Diplura either form the sister-group to Collembola (Entognatha) or cluster with branchiopod crustaceans. Overall, the phylogenetic signal of the complete sequences of the 28S rRNA gene favours monophyly of Hexapoda over paraphyly. However, further corroboration from independent data is needed to rule out the competing hypothesis of mutually paraphyletic Crustacea and Hexapoda.     

MicroRNA evolution provides new evidence for a close relationship of Diplura to Insecta

The phylogenetic interrelationships among four hexapod lineages (Protura, Collembola, Diplura and Insecta) are pivotal to understanding the origin of insects and the early diversification of Hexapoda, but they have been difficult to clarify based on the available data. In this study, we identified 91 conserved microRNA (miRNA) families from 36 panarthropod taxa, including seven newly sequenced non-insect hexapods. We found major clade differentiation accompanied by the origin of novel miRNA families, and most miRNA clusters are conserved with a high degree of microsynteny. Importantly, we were able to identify two miRNA families unique to Hexapoda, and four miRNA families and a miRNA cluster that exist exclusively in Diplura and Insecta, suggesting a close relationship between Diplura and Insecta as well as the monophyly of Hexapoda. Combined with a phylogenetic analysis based on the presence/absence matrix of miRNA families, our study demonstrates the effectiveness of miRNA in resolving deep phylogenetic problems.     

Molecular phylogeny of Collembola inferred from ribosomal RNA genes

The classification of taxa within Collembola (Springtails, Hexapoda) has been controversial. In this study, we combined complete 18S rRNA gene with partial 28S rRNA gene (D7-D10) sequences to investigate the phylogeny of Collembola. About 2500 aligned sites of thirty species representing 29 genera from14 families of Collembola were analyzed, including one species of Neelipleona from which no sequence has been reported previously.The phylogenetic trees were obtained by different methods (maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian analysis). Our results supported the monophyly of two of the four taxonomic groups of Collembola summarized by Deharveng [Deharveng, L., 2004. Recent advances in Collembola systematics. Pedobiologia 48, 415–433.], namely of Poduromorpha and of Symphypleona. Within Poduromorpha, Neanuridae was monophyletic with high support, but Hypogastruridae was not. Entomobryomorpha was paraphyletic, as the Tomoceroidea (Tomoceridae and Oncopoduridae) was found to be apart from the other entomobryomorphs. In the latter Isotomoidea and Entomobryoidea joined into a group with moderate support. Within Symphypleona, the phylogenetic relationship [(Sminthuridae + Bourletiellidae) + Sminthurididae] was consistent with traditional morphological studies. Neelipleona grouped with Symphypleona in all trees, with moderate support in the ML and Bayesian analyses.     

Is Ellipura monophyletic? A combined analysis of basal hexapod relationships with emphasis on the origin of insects

Hexapoda includes 33 commonly recognized orders, most of them insects. Ongoing controversy concerns the grouping of Protura and Collembola as a taxon Ellipura, the monophyly of Diplura, a single or multiple origins of entognathy, and the monophyly or paraphyly of the silverfish (Lepidotrichidae and Zygentoma s.s.) with respect to other dicondylous insects. Here we analyze relationships among basal hexapod orders via a cladistic analysis of sequence data for five molecular markers and 189 morphological characters in a simultaneous analysis framework using myriapod and crustacean outgroups. Using a sensitivity analysis approach and testing for stability, the most congruent parameters resolve Tricholepidion as sister group to the remaining Dicondylia, whereas most suboptimal parameter sets group Tricholepidion with Zygentoma. Stable hypotheses include the monophyly of Diplura, and a sister group relationship between Diplura and Protura, contradicting the Ellipura hypothesis. Hexapod monophyly is contradicted by an alliance between Collembola, Crustacea and Ectognatha (i.e., exclusive of Diplura and Protura) in molecular and combined analyses.     

Brain organization in Collembola (springtails)

Arthropoda is comprised of four major taxa: Hexapoda, Crustacea, Myriapoda and Chelicerata. Although this classification is widely accepted, there is still some debate about the internal relationships of these groups. In particular, the phylogenetic position of Collembola remains enigmatic. Some molecular studies place Collembola into a close relationship to Protura and Diplura within the monophyletic Hexapoda, but this placement is not universally accepted, as Collembola is also regarded as either the sister group to Branchiopoda (a crustacean taxon) or to Pancrustacea (crustaceans + hexapods). To contribute to the current debate on the phylogenetic position of Collembola, we examined the brains in three collembolan species: Folsomia candida, Protaphorura armata and Tetrodontophora bielanensis, using antennal backfills, series of semi-thin sections, and immunostaining technique with several antisera, in conjunction with confocal laser scanning microscopy and three-dimensional reconstructions. We identified several neuroanatomical structures in the collembolan brain, including a fan-shaped central body showing a columnar organization, a protocerebral bridge, one pair of antennal lobes with 20-30 spheroidal glomeruli each, and a structure, which we interpret as a simply organized mushroom body. The results of our neuroanatomical study are consistent with the phylogenetic position of Collembola within the Hexapoda and do not contradict the hypothesis of a close relationship of Collembola, Protura and Diplura.     

以ITS1-5.8 SrDNA-ITS2为标记的蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫分子系统发育研究

蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫(Giardia lamblia,又称Gi-ardiaintestinalis或Giardia duodenalis,以下简称贾第虫)是一种广为关注的源真核生物(Archezoa),在生物进化中处于原核生物和真核生物的过渡阶段。在医学上,贾第虫是一种重要的导致腹泻的病原体,其宿主广泛,包括人和大多数脊椎动物。研     

低等六足动物系统学研究进展

低等六足动物包括原尾纲、弹尾纲和双尾纲三个类群,是探讨六足动物起源和进化问题的关键类群,近十年来成为节肢动物系统进化研究中的焦点之一。低等六足动物的系统发育地位以及它们之间的关系一直是备受争论的问题。通过介绍三类低等六足动物最新的分类系统,从经典分类学和系统发育两个方面对低等六足动物近十年来的研究进展进行了综述。迄今,对于三类低等六足动物都建立了比较完备的分类体系,原尾纲划分为3目10科,弹尾纲划分为4目30科,双尾纲划分为2亚目3总科10科。系统发育研究中,大多数的系统发育分析结果不支持传统的缺尾类假说,缺尾纲应摒弃不用。分子数据分析的结果普遍支持原尾纲与双尾纲近缘,但仍需要进一步探讨。线粒体基因组、比较胚胎学和比较精子学的研究结果表明,原尾纲可能经历了长期的趋异进化历史。最近的比较精子学研究支持了双尾纲的单系性。总之,三类低等六足动物系统学研究均取得了长足的发展,但仍然存在诸如研究人员匮乏和研究水平不均衡等问题。系统发育研究中,分子系统学研究成为关注的焦点,而基于核基因和线粒体基因的数据分别建立的系统发育假说存在分歧,亟需开发更优的数据分析方法。此外,需加强低等六足动物比较形态学、比较胚胎学、发育生物学等方面的研究,以便将来进行全证据的系统发育研究。     

麂属(Muntiacus)动物线粒体12SrRNA和细胞色素B基因序列分析及其分子进化关系

对麂属（Muntiacus)中的3种动物;赤麂（M.muntjak)（2n=6♀,7♂）,小麂（M.reevesi)(2n=46）,黑（M.crinifrons(2♀,9♂）线粒体DNA12SrRNA和细胞色素B783bp左右的片段进行序列分析,并根据序列信息建立分子系统树,同时探讨了这3种动物的起源,分类地位及进化关系。     

Nucleotide Sequence of the SrRNA Gene and Phylogenetic Analysis of Trichomonas tenax

The small subunit ribosomal RNA (SrRNA) gene of Trichomonas tenax ATCC30207 was amplified by PCR and the 1.55-kb product was cloned into plasmid vector pUC18. Four clones were isolated and sequenced. The insert DNAs were 1,552 bp long and their G+C contents were 48.1%; three of them had exactly the same DNA sequences and one had only one nucleotide change. A representative SrRNA sequence was analyzed and a phylogenetic tree was estimated by the neighbor-joining (NJ) method. Among the protists examined, T. tenax was placed as the closest relative of Tritrichomonas foetus, as expected from the traditional taxonomy. The total homology between the two SrRNA sequences was 89.2%.