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红色原鸡和中国家鸡遗传多样性及亲缘关系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对红色原鸡(Gallus gallus)和中国家鸡(Gallus domesticus)之间的遗传多样性和亲缘关系进行系统分析,可以为中国家鸡的起源进化、种质资源保护以及科学开发利用等研究提供理论依据,但迄今尚未见用微卫星标记进行分析比较的公开报道.本研究利用29对微卫星引物对红色原鸡Gallus gallus spadiceus亚种和Gallus gallus gallus亚种以及14个中国家鸡品种的568只个体进行扫描,共检测到286个等位基因,平均值为9.86±6.36;所有群体的期望杂合度为0.6708±0.0251,皖南三黄鸡的期望杂合度最高(0.6442),固始鸡的最低(0.4532).单个位点偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡的群体数从0-7不等.整个群体平均遗传分化为17.9%(P〈0.001),约有16.7%的遗传变异源自群体间的差异,所有的位点都极显著地贡献于这一结果(P〈0.001);杂合子缺失的水平很高,为0.015(P〈0.01),有8个位点显示显著的杂合子缺失.群体间的Reynolds’遗传距离从0.036(萧山鸡-鹿苑鸡)~0.371(泰国红色原鸡-河南斗鸡)不等,而Nm值变异范围为从0.583(泰国红色原鸡-河南斗鸡)~5.833(萧山鸡鹿苑鸡).NJ系统发生树中,鹿苑鸡、萧山鸡、北京油鸡、河南斗鸡、淮南麻黄鸡、狼山鸡等重体型的鸡种首先形成一大类;鹿苑鸡与萧山鸡以及茶花鸡与藏鸡有着较近的遗传关系;茶花鸡和藏鸡与两个红色原鸡亚种亲缘关系较近,中国红色原鸡Gallus gallus spadiceus亚种与所有中国家鸡品种的亲缘关系比泰国红色原鸡Gallus gallus gallus亚种要近.结果表明:29个微卫星位点均具有较高的多态性,红色原鸡和中国家鸡群体间存在着极显著的遗传分化;中国家鸡和红色原鸡两个亚种的亲缘关系从近到远的排序是:进化型品种-原始型品种(茶花鸡与藏鸡)-中国红色原鸡亚种(Gallus gallus spadiceus)- 相似文献
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红原鸡与家鸡的亲缘关系研究 总被引:13,自引:2,他引:13
对中国红原鸡滇地亚种和海南亚种与我国茶花鸡,泰和鸡和寿光鸡等地方鸡种以及芦花鸡,洛岛红等外国鸡种进行了血型(3个位点,13个等位基因),蛋白质(酶)多态(5个位点,11个等位基因)和DNA指纹分析,结果表明,红原鸡与茶花鸡(原始型品种)的亲缘关系较近;与泰和鸡,寿光鸡,芦花鸡,洛岛红(进化型品种)的亲缘关系较远,呈红原鸡-茶花鸡-泰和鸡,寿光鸡或芦花鸡,洛岛红这样一个进化阶梯,以上结果与国外资料( 相似文献
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三个品种家鸡催乳素基因cDNA的克隆及序列分析 总被引:28,自引:0,他引:28
从粤黄鸡、毛丝乌骨鸡及伊莎蛋鸡的垂体中快速抽提总RNA,根据国外已发表的肉用仔鸡乳素基因cDNA的序列,设计并合成了能与特定载体末端互补的1对引物,经反转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)方法扩增获得了特异性片段。将扩增片段与线性化质粒pBSSK连接,克隆后进行序列分析,与已报道的肉用仔鸡、矮脚鸡和火鸡催乳素基因的核苷酸序列及推导的氨基酸序列进行了比较。结果表明,不同品种间核苷酸同源性介于93.97%-99.87%之间,其中丝毛乌骨鸡与矮脚鸡间的同源性最高为99.87%。推导的相应氨基酸序列的同源性在98.25%-100%之间,也是丝毛乌骨鸡与矮脚鸡间的同源性最高,为100%。在粤黄鸡、丝毛乌骨鸡和伊莎蛋鸡中,发现前两者的催乳素前体的cDNA片段推导的 氨基酸序列中信号肽裂触位点跟肉用仔鸡,矮脚鸡及火鸡的一样,为Leu-Pro-IIe-Cys,而伊莎蛋鸡的信号肽裂解位点则不一样,为Pro-Pro-IIe-Cys。此位点的差异可能导致催乳素前体翻译加工的不同,使伊莎蛋鸡无就巢性。这3个家鸡品种与国外的肉用仔鸡、矮脚鸡催乳素氨基酸序列还在以下位置出现差异:71、141、150、175。在肉用仔鸡、丝毛乌骨鸡催乳素氨基酸序列中还发现了一个肝素结合位点175-181(L-R-R-D-S-H-K)。 相似文献
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云南地方鸡种在生境、形态外貌、细胞遗传和血液蛋白等方面均表现出多样性,但mtDNA的遗传变异单一。云南地方鸡种有其独特的基因类型,由于所处的特殊地理位置和生态条件差异,形成了与我国其它鸡种相对独立的鸡种。从血液蛋白、细胞遗传和mtDNA等方面进一步证明红色原鸡为家鸡的祖先。云南可能是中国家鸡的起源中心之一。 相似文献
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家鸡联会复合体的制备 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文以家鸡为例介绍了联会复合体的制备方法,改进了原有界面铺展法制备联会复合体的程序,易于将光镜下观察到的材料直接转移到铜网上作电镜观察,为分析鸟类和其他动物的组型提供了一个新的方法。 相似文献
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家鸡血浆淀粉酶的多态现象 总被引:12,自引:4,他引:12
本研究采用水平平板聚丙烯酞胺凝胶电泳法;测定了杏花鸡、石歧杂鸡、粤黄鸡、郑州红鸡、长沙黄鸡和白来航鸡的血浆淀粉酶。发现各鸡种的AMY-1位点均存在多态现象;还发现在杏花鸡中存在着控制血浆淀粉酶的另一位点(Amy-2), Amy-2位点上有一对显隐性基因(Amy-2t, Amy-2')。经交配试验;发现Amy-2位点与Amy-1位点是紧密连锁的;重组率为二。3030 相似文献
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中国山羊mtDNA D-loop遗传多样性及其起源研究 总被引:15,自引:1,他引:15
采用DNA测序技术分析了中国9个山羊品种(板角山羊、成都麻羊、贵州黑山羊、贵州白山羊、黔北麻羊、马头山羊、陕南白山羊、黄淮山羊和雷州山羊)共计128个个体的mtDNA D-loop全序列。结果表明:山羊mtDNA D-loop全序列长度为1212-1213bp,检测到102个变异位点,约占分析位点总数的8.42%,可变位点中转换占99个,颠换2个,1个转换/颠换共存;界定了92种单倍型,有78种为各品种独享单倍型,另外14种为群体内或群体间共享单倍型。9个山羊品种单倍型多样度为0.9333-1.0000,核苷酸多样度为0.7062%-1.8265%,表明中国山羊品种遗传多样性丰富。根据92种mtDNA单倍型构建了中国山羊的NJ分子系统树,聚类表明,中国山羊mtDNA D-loop序列单倍型分为支系A和支系B两大类。支系A包括75种单倍型,代表95个样本,占总数的74.22%;支系B包括17种单倍型,代表33个样本,占总数的25.78%,说明中国山羊存在支系A和支系B两大母系起源。对中国山羊mtDNA D-loop的支系A和支系B进行核苷酸不配对分布曲线分析和Fu的Fs中性检验,分析表明,支系A的分布曲线呈单峰形,Fs值为-24.6491,P值为0.0000,显著偏离中性,表明山羊支系A曾经历群体扩张;支系B呈近似双峰分布,Fs值为-3.3947,P值为0.0980,中性检验差异不显著,表明山羊支系B没有经历群体扩张,群体大小保持相对稳定。山羊支系B可能起源于中国。 相似文献
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WenBin Bao GuoHong Chen BiChun Li XinSheng Wu JingTing Shu ShengLong Wu Qi Xu Steffen Weigend 《中国科学:生命科学英文版》2008,51(6):560-568
Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among 568 individuals of two red jungle fowl subspe- cies (Gallus gallus spadiceus in China and Gallus gallus gallus in Thailand) and 14 Chinese domestic chicken breeds were evaluated with 29 microstaellite loci, the genetic variability within population and genetic differentiation among population were estimated, and then genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships were analyzed among red jungle fowls and Chinese domestic fowls. A total of 286 alleles were detected in 16 population with 29 microsatellite markers and the average number of the alleles observed in 29 microsatellite loci was 9.86±6.36. The overall expected heterozygosity of all population was 0.6708±0.0251, and the number of population deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium per locus ranged from 0 to 7. In the whole population, the average of genetic differentiation among population, measured as FST value, was 16.7% (P<0.001), and all loci contributed significantly (P<0.001) to this differentiation. It can also be seen that the deficit of heterozygotes was very high (0.015) (P<0.01). Reynolds' distance values varied between 0.036 (Xiaoshan chicken-Luyuan chicken pair) and 0.330 (G. gallus gallus-Gushi chicken pair). The Nm value ranged from 0.533 (between G. gallus gallus and Gushi chicken) to 5.833 (between Xiaoshan chicken and Luyuan chicken). An unrooted consensus tree was constructed using the neighbour-joining method and the Reynolds' genetic distance. The heavy-body sized chicken breeds, Luyuan chicken, Xiaoshan chicken, Beijing Fatty chicken, Henan Game chicken, Huainan Partridge and Langshan chicken formed one branch, and it had a close genetic relationship between Xiaoshan chicken-Luyuan chicken pair and Chahua chicken-Tibetan chicken pair. Chahua chicken and Tibetan chicken had closer genetic relationship with these two subspecies of red jungle fowl than other domestic chicken breeds. G. gallus spadiceus showed closer phylogenetic relationship with Chinese domestic chicken breeds than G. gallus gallus. All 29 microstaellite loci in this study showed high levels of polymorphism and significant genetic differentiation was observed among two subspecies of red jungle fowl and 14 Chinese domestic chicken breeds. The evolutional dendrogram is as follows: evolutional breeds→primitive breeds (Chahua chicken and Tibetan)→red jungle fowl in China (G. gallus spadiceus)→red jungle fowl in Thailand (G. gallus gallus). The results supported the theory that the domestic fowls might originate from different subspecies of red jungle fowl and Chinese domestic fowls had independent origin. 相似文献
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家鸡腺苷琥珀酸裂解酶基因多态性与肌苷酸含量的关联及其与红原鸡的亲缘关系 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
根据腺苷琥珀酸裂解酶(adenylosuccinate lyase, ADSL)基因外显子2的序列设计引物, 用PCR-SSCP的方法对隐性白羽鸡、丝羽乌骨鸡、白耳鸡、藏鸡以及红色原鸡两个亚种进行了单核苷酸多态性分析, 并检测到了多态性, 表现为3种基因型, 对两种纯合子进行直接测序, 结果发现3484位碱基处发生C→T突变。对3种基因型的肌肉肌苷酸含量的最小二乘分析结果显示TT型(突变型)个体的肌肉肌苷酸含量极显著地高于CT型、显著地高于CC型个体, CT型个体也稍高于CC型, 但差异不显著, 初步推测该位点可能与肌肉肌苷酸含量有关。根据该多态位点的基因频率, 基于Nei氏的遗传距离运用NJ聚类法构建系统发生树, 进行家鸡与原鸡的亲缘关系分析, 结果发现, 丝羽乌骨鸡与白耳鸡的亲缘关系最近, 藏鸡和中国红原鸡亚种的亲缘关系也较近, 中国地方家鸡品种与中国红原鸡亚种的亲缘关系较近,而与泰国红色原鸡的亲缘关系较远,隐性白羽鸡与原鸡亲缘关系最远, 初步得出中国家鸡有自己独自的血缘来源的结论。 相似文献
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Origin and phylogeographical structure of Chinese cattle 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Lei CZ Chen H Zhang HC Cai X Liu RY Luo LY Wang CF Zhang W Ge QL Zhang RF Lan XY Sun WB 《Animal genetics》2006,37(6):579-582
Complete mitochondrial D-loop sequences of 231 samples were used to explore the origin and genetic diversity of Chinese cattle. Phylogenetical analysis of these sequences revealed both Bos taurus and Bos indicus mitochondrial types in Chinese cattle. Four of the previously identified mitochondrial DNA lineages (T1–T4) were identified in the Bos taurus type, including lineage T1, which was found for the first time in Chinese cattle. Two lineages (I1 and I2) were identified in the Bos indicus type. Our results support the suggestion that the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau is the domestication site of Chinese zebu. We also found evidence that Tibetan cattle originated from taurine and zebu cattle. The distribution pattern of Chinese cattle breeds was closely related to the geographical and climatic background. It was possible to divide Chinese cattle in this study into two major groups: northern and southern cattle. 相似文献
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The first 539 bases of mitochondrial DNA D-loop region of six Chinese native chicken breeds (Gallus gallus domesticus) were sequenced and compared to those of the red junglefowl (Gallus gallus), the gray junglefowl (Gallus sonneratii), the green junglefowl (Gallus varius) and Lafayette's junglefowl (Gallus lafayettei) reported in GenBank, and the phylogenetic trees for the chickens were constructed based on the D-loop sequences. The results showed that the four species of the genus Gallus had great differences among each other, the G. g. domesticus was closest to the red junglefowl in Thailand and its adjacent regions, suggesting the Chinese domestic fowl probably originated from the red junglefowl in these regions. The two subs pecies of Thailand, G. g. gallus and G. g. spadiceus, should belong to one subspecies because of their resemblance. In the case of native breeds, there existed a great difference between the egg breeds and general purpose breeds, which suggested different maternal origins of the two types. 相似文献
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用mtDNA D-环序列探讨蒙古和中国绵羊的起源及遗传多样性 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
为了在分子水平上探讨绵羊的起源,对中国和蒙古共20个绵羊群体、314只绵羊mtDNA D-环的部分序列进行了测定,结果表明:中国绵羊和蒙古绵羊mtDNA D-环区的部分序列中A、T、G、C含量没有明显的差别;蒙古绵羊的多态位点数(28.85%)略高于中国绵羊(24.22%);中国绵羊群体的单倍型多样度在青海藏羊、甘肃藏羊、甘肃高山细毛羊、青海细:色羊、甘南藏羊、小尾寒羊和滩羊群体中较高,但在湖羊和岷县黑裘皮羊中较低;蒙古绵羊的单倍型多样度在Bayad和Baidrag群体中最高,但在Gobi—Altai群体中最低。从总体上看,蒙古绵羊的遗传多样性要略高于中国绵羊,例如单倍犁比例的平均值为86.06%(142/185):78.83%(108/137),单倍型多样度(Hd)的甲均值为0.976:0.936,核苷酸多样度(Pi(π))的平均值为0.036:0.034,平均核苷酸差异数(k)的平均值为23.50:22.48~217个中国和蒙古绵羊的单倍型序列的系统发生分析表明,中国和蒙古绵羊均有3个母系起源,被定义为A、B和C3类主要的单倍型。其中A类单倍型在所有中国绵羊群体及绝大多数蒙古绵羊群体(9/11)中占优势,平均比例为58.73%;B类单倍型居中,为24.88%;C类单倍型最少,仅为16.59%。进一步从GenBank获得的91个绵羊D-环区的序列与中国和蒙古绵羊D-环区的单倍型的进行网络关系分析,发现欧洲摩弗仑羊(European mouflon,O.musimon)与中国和蒙古绵羊具有较近的亲缘关系,但没有发现塬羊(Argali.O.ammon)、盘羊(0.rignei bochariensis)和东方盘羊(0.ammon nigrimontana)对中国和蒙古绵羊起源有贡献的证据。 相似文献
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The present study was conducted to assess the genetic diversity, population structure, and relatedness in Indian red jungle fowl (RJF, Gallus gallus murgi) from northern India and three domestic chicken populations (gallus gallus domesticus), maintained at the institute farms, namely White Leghorn (WL), Aseel (AS) and Red Cornish (RC) using 25 microsatellite markers. All the markers were polymorphic, the number of alleles at each locus ranged from five (MCW0111) to forty-three (LEI0212) with an average number of 19 alleles per locus. Across all loci, the mean expected heterozygosity and polymorphic information content were 0.883 and 0.872, respectively. Population-specific alleles were found in each population. A UPGMA dendrogram based on shared allele distances clearly revealed two major clusters among the four populations; cluster I had genotypes from RJF and WL whereas cluster II had AS and RC genotypes. Furthermore, the estimation of population structure was performed to understand how genetic variation is partitioned within and among populations. The maximum ?K value was observed for K = 4 with four identified clusters. Furthermore, factorial analysis clearly showed four clustering; each cluster represented the four types of population used in the study. These results clearly, demonstrate the potential of microsatellite markers in elucidating the genetic diversity, relationships, and population structure analysis in RJF and domestic chicken populations. 相似文献
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T. Downing C. O’Farrelly A. K. Bhuiyan P. Silva A. N. Naqvi R. Sanfo R.‐S. Sow B. Podisi O. Hanotte D. G. Bradley 《Animal genetics》2010,41(2):213-217
The chicken lysozyme gene encodes a hydrolase that has a key role in defence, especially in ovo. This gene was resequenced in global chicken populations [red, grey, Ceylon and green jungle fowl (JF)] and related bird species. Networks, summary statistics and tests of neutrality indicate that although there is extensive variation at the gene, little is present at coding sites, with the exception of one non‐synonymous site. This segregating site and a further fixed non‐synonymous change between red JF and domestic chicken populations are spatially close to the catalytic sites of the enzyme and so might affect its activity. 相似文献