干旱胁迫对甘草幼苗保护酶活性及脂质过氧化作用的影响

甘草（Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.)幼苗用PEG6000（－2.5Mpa,-1.5Mpa)模拟干旱处理,测定了4d中叶的MDA含量,膜相对透性及几种保护酶（SOD,POD,ASP,CAT）活性变化情况。结果表明：－2．5Mpa胁迫下,MDA含量总体呈上升趋势;－1．5Mpa胁迫下,前两天略有降低,至第4天时,上升到与处理前基本持平的水平。细胞膜透性在处理前期下降,后期升高,低渗透胁迫较高渗透胁迫变化平缓。几种保护酶活性在干旱处理期间都有变化,POD除第1天降低外,其余几天均呈上升趋势;在处理前期,SOD活性升高,CAT活性下降,而在后期其变化为SOD活性降低,CAT活性升高,ASP活性变化波动较大,－2．5Mpa胁迫下,第1,第3天有两次上升峰,第4天较处理前下降了104．3％。在－1．5Mpa胁迫下的几种保护酶活性变化幅度较小。表明了高渗透胁迫能使膜过氧化而引起膜的损伤,低渗透胁迫程度对细胞膜脂过氧化及膜的透性影响较小,且可能对膜脂过氧化起到一定的防御作用。植物在干旱胁迫下保护酶系统的作用,可能是通过它们之间相互且保持一个稳定的平衡态而进行的。     

钙对低温胁迫的烟草幼苗某些酶活性的影响

用CaCl2浸种处理烟草种子,研究了钙对烟草幼苗某些酶活性的影响。结果表明：CaCl2浸种能够提高烟草幼苗结合态钙和膜保护酶活性,降低膜透性和MDA（丙二醛）含量。在低温胁迫条件下,Ca2+浸种处理的烟草幼苗SOD、CAT和POD等保护酶活性下降程度较未经处理的轻,细胞相对电导率低。恢复生长后,幼苗膜透性和保护酶活性恢复较快。CaM（钙调素）特异性抑制剂CPZ（氯丙嗪）能部分抑制Ca2+提高SOD、CAT和POD活性的作用。     

模拟酸雨对乐东拟单性木兰幼苗部分生理指标的影响

采用盆栽法,研究了不同pH值的模拟酸雨胁迫对乐东拟单性木兰（Paramecia lotungensis）叶片膜损伤、抗氧化酶活性、叶绿素（Chl）含量以及气体交换参数等的变化。结果表明：在模拟酸雨胁迫下,幼苗叶片膜透性和丙二醛（MDA）含量显著增加,且两者呈现显著正相关;过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性逐渐下降,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物（POD）活性逐渐或急剧上升;Chl含量明显下降;净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Ga）、蒸腾速率（Tt）、水分利用效率（WUE）和气孔限制值（La）等指标均呈下降趋势,而胞间CO2浓度（Ci）却表现为上升趋势。表明酸雨诱导了活性氧生成,使抗氧化酶系统失调,造成活性氧产生和清除之间的不平衡,从而加速膜脂过氧化作用,破坏膜透性,降解叶绿素,导致光合作用下降。     

水杨酸对冷胁迫下香蕉幼苗抗冷性的效应

用0.6 mmol/L水杨酸(SA)喷洒香蕉幼苗叶片1 d后,于8℃低温胁迫5 d,研究水杨酸对香蕉幼苗抗冷性的影响。结果表明:SA降低了受低温胁迫的香蕉幼苗叶片相对电导率及丙二醛(MDA)和过氧化氢含量,减缓了可溶性蛋白质含量的下降,提高了脯氨酸含量及过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。表明SA可通过提高香蕉幼苗抗氧化酶活性、清除活性氧的积累、减少膜损伤来缓解低温对香蕉幼苗的损伤。     

低温条件下拔节期小麦叶片内源激素含量和抗氧化酶活性的变化

以扬麦16和徐麦30为试验材料,利用人工气候室模拟低温逆境,研究拔节期-3 ℃和-5 ℃低温胁迫对小麦植株受冻率、叶片内源激素含量和抗氧化酶活性的影响.结果表明： 随着处理温度的降低、胁迫时间的延长,小麦植株冻害等级与冻害指数增加,-5 ℃处理72 h两品种五级冻害率均为100%.低温处理结束当天,小麦叶片中内源激素脱落酸（ABA）、玉米素核苷（ZR）含量、抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性随胁迫程度加重呈先升高后降低的趋势;处理结束后3 d,ABA、ZR含量及抗氧化酶活性较处理结束当天升高;至处理结束后6 d,与自然生长的对照处理接近.低温胁迫叶片中赤霉素（GA₃）含量下降,处理结束后3和6 d,扬麦16叶片中GA₃含量呈上升趋势,徐麦30则表现为先升高后下降.-5 ℃ 72 h重度胁迫处理叶片中ABA、ZR、GA₃含量和SOD、POD、CAT活性均较对照显著下降.相关分析表明,较高的ABA、ZR含量、SOD、POD、CAT活性以及较低的GA₃含量可减缓低温胁迫对小麦植株的伤害.     

低温及光照对红苞蔓绿绒幼苗膜脂过氧化的影响

本文研究低温和光照条件对红苞蔓绿绒幼苗膜脂过氧化作用的影响.目测结果表明,红苞蔓绿绒幼苗叶片受低温伤害程度与对照差异不明显,且各处理间差异不显著.各处理的丙二醛含量基本上高于对照,细胞膜透性、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性均高于对照,说明红苞蔓绿绒幼苗具有较高的抗低温能力,膜脂过氧化水平随低温胁迫强度的增强而增大,过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性与丙二醛含量成正相关.5℃时,在光照条件下幼苗的细胞膜透性、丙二醛含量、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性均高于暗处理;但10℃时结果却相反.     

壳聚糖提高香蕉幼苗抗冷性的效应

壳聚糖(CS)预处理可降低低温胁迫下香蕉幼苗叶细胞膜脂过氧化水平和膜透性增加的程度以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性的下降幅度,提高过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性;0.3%的壳聚糖的保护效果最好.     

温度逆境对不同品种黄瓜幼苗膜保护系统的影响

温度逆境胁迫后,黄瓜幼苗体内O2^-的产生速率和MDA含量均明显升高,温度逆境胁迫和常温恢复2d后,O2^-的产生速率都与各品系黄瓜幼苗对温度逆境的耐性呈负相关,说明在温度逆境胁迫过程中,活性氧确实是对黄瓜幼苗产生毒害的重要方式。在遭受温度逆境胁迫后,黄瓜幼苗体内酶促和非酶促防御系统均遭到破坏。AsA含量、CAT和POD活性均显著下降,低温胁迫后,对低温耐性强的品系SOD活性上升,对低温耐性弱的品系SOD活性降低。高温处理后,各品系SOD活性均降低。表明膜系统的损伤与细胞内自由基引发的膜脂过氧化有关。     

低温及光照对红苞蔓绿绒幼苗膜脂过氧化的影响

本文研究低温和光照条件对红苞蔓绿绒幼苗膜脂过氧化作用的影响。目测结果表明,在红苞蔓绿绒幼苗叶片受低温伤害程度与对照差异不明显,且各处理间差异不显著。各处理的丙二醛含量基本上高于对照,细胞膜透笥、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性均高高于对照,说明红苞蔓绿绒幼苗具有较高的抗低温能力,膜脂过氧化水平随低温胁迫强度的增强而增大,过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性与丙二醛含量成正相关,５℃时,在光照条件下幼苗的细胞膜透性     

夜间低温对两种热带树苗叶片活性氧代谢的影响

3d的夜间低温（4℃）处理和恢复3d后,对人工模拟林下光环境的西双版纳热带雨林中层树种藤黄（Garcinia hanburyi)和上层树种团花（Anthocephalus chinensis)幼苗叶片中O2,H2O2,保护酶（SOD,CAT,APX）活性和膜脂过氧化产物MDA的变化过程进行了测定,研究结果表明,随着低温时间的延长,2种幼苗叶片H2O2,MDA含量和O2－产生速率上升,藤黄的保护酶活性也上升,但团花的保护酶（SOD,CAT）活性在第2天有所下降,低温消除后,藤黄的活性氧和MDA含量有所减少,团花变化不明显,这表明,热带上层树种团花和中层树种藤黄是以不同的方式响应低温,上层树种比中层树种受体温的伤害重。     

巴戟天根的结构及其与蒽醌类化合物积累的关系

应用石蜡切片法、荧光显微镜和紫外分光光度法,对不同年生巴戟天根组织结构的变化进行了观察、对蒽醌类化合物在根中的分布场所及其积累动态进行了研究。结果表明:巴戟天根的结构类似一般多年生草本植物,薄壁细胞是巴戟天根中蒽醌类化合物的分布储存场所,蒽醌类化合物含量随着根生长年限的增加而增加。由以上研究总结出巴戟天以四年或四年以上采收为好,并以根皮厚、木心细者为上品。     

Protein intake regulation in the weanling rat: Effects of additions of lysine,arginine and ammonia on the selection of gluten and energy

The effects of adding lysine, arginine and ammonia to gluten on the self-selection of protein and energy by the weanling rat simultaneously offered a choice of two diets differing only in gluten concentration (15 and 55%) were tested. Previous studies have shown that while lysine (6 g/100 g) additions to gluten decreased the amount of gluten selected by the rat from 40 to 20 g per 100 g of food eaten, selection was not related to the nutritional quality of the gluten. When graded levels of arginine (1.8, 3.6 or 7.2 g/100 g) were added to the gluten with or without lysine (0 or 6 g/100 g) the dietary protein selection was unaffected. The addition of ammonia (1.4 g/100 g as NH₄Cl) to gluten had initially the same effect as lysine (6 g/100 g) but with time protein intake returned to control levels. This effect of ammonia was unaltered by arginine additions. It is concluded that the mechanisms which lead to decreases in gluten selection caused by lysine or ammonia are not similar, and that the effects of lysine on gluten selection are not caused by an increased arginine requirement for urea cycle activity.     

Chlorophyll isolation,structure and function: major landmarks of the early history of research in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union

This paper covers major events of the early history of chlorophyll research in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union from 1771 until 1952, when the modern period of studies on photosynthesis began in full swing. Short biographical sketches of key scientists, reviews of their major research contributions and some selected photographs are included. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

刺叶柄棘豆的一个新变型--白花刺叶柄棘豆

描述了棘豆属(豆科)刺叶柄棘豆(Oxytropis acipblla Ledeb．)的一个新变型：白花刺叶柄棘豆O．aciphylla Ledeb．f．albiflora Z．Y．Chang,Z．H．Wu et L．R．Xu。原变型的花冠为红紫色或蓝紫色,而新变型的花冠为白色。     

Molecular structure for microbial polysaccharides: conformation of the Klebsiella serotype K9 capsular polysaccharide

Fibre type X-ray diffraction patterns have been obtained from oriented, semicrystalline films prepared from the sodium salt form of the bacterial capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella serotype K9. The molecule has a pentasaccharide repeating sequence, with four neutral residues in the backbone and a glucoronic acid side chain. A novel feature of the molecule is the incorporation of α-l-rhamnose residues, one 1,2 linked and two 1,3 linked in the backbone. Analysis of the X-ray diffraction results indicate an extended three-fold helical conformation with an axially projected chemical repeat of 1.377 nm. Both left and right handed helices have been examined using linked atom least squares techniques to optimize the stereochemistry while simultaneously meeting the observed helical parameters.     

A New Family of Entodiniomorph Protozoa from the Marsupial Forestomach, with Descriptions of a New Genus and Five New Species

ABSTRACT. A unique group of entodiniomorph protozoa was found in forestomach contents from quokka ( Setonix brachyurus ), western grey kangaroo ( Macropus fuliginosus ), red kangaroo ( Macropus rufus ) and euro ( Macropus robustus erubescens ). A new genus, Macropodinium n.g., containing five new species, is described. Three species are described from forestomach contents of the quokka: Macropodinium baldense n. sp., Macropodinium moiri n. sp. and Macropodinium setonixum n. sp. A single species, Macropodinium ennuensis n. sp., is described from the red kangaroo and euro. The last species, Macropodinium yalanbense n. sp., is described in forestomach contents from the western grey kangaroo. At least three distinct features in the new genus are incompatible with any of the described families in the order Entodiniomorphida. On this basis, the new family Macropodiniidae has been created.     

自分泌生长因子对早期胚胎体外发育的影响(简报)

生长因子(Growth Factors,GFs)对于调节哺乳动物胚胎的早期发育和分化起着重要作用,这些GFs存在于雌性生殖道,也可由胚胎自身合成。正是由于这种自分泌GFs的存在,使我们可以通过改变胚胎培养密度或添加外源性GFs来定性或定量研究GFs对胚胎发育和分化的影响,对于了解GFs在分子水平上的作用途径和机制有着重要的意义。