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1.
应用从正常、健康鲤肠道中分离筛选出的无毒、无害菌群(Jy10节杆菌Arthrobactersp.Jy31干酪乳杆菌Lactobacilluscaseisubsprhamnosus)制成生态制品,作为料饲添加剂,饲养鲤。应用结果表明:投喂生态制剂组鲤不仅生长快、而且提高了抗病力,其白组胞吞噬率,白细胞吞噬指数,巨噬细胞吞噬率,E玫瑰花环形成率(Ea率Et率)均高于对照组(未投喂生态制组).生态制剂投喂组鲤受到攻击后不仅成活率提高且对待攻击菌形成的特异性抗体效价也显著提高。说明生态制品饲养鲤,对提高其免疫水平及抗病力具有积极作用,同时也具有防病和治病的效果。  相似文献   

2.
微生态调节剂对提高中国对虾抗病力的研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
应用从健康中国对虾肠道中分离筛选出的无毒、无害菌群(JX5、JX6)制成微生态调节剂,将其作为饲料添加剂饲养中国对虾,对感染暴发性流行病的抗病力进行试验研究。结果表明:(1)微生态调节剂能够明显地提高中国对虾感染后的成活率,使死亡高峰时间延迟;(2)感染后的血液病理指标显示,病虾的血清总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白等指标下降,甘油三酯、碱性磷酸酶、乳酸脱氢酶等指标上升;(3)投喂微生态调节剂的试验组与对照组经感染致病后,其血液指标与健康虾比较变化幅度不同,试验组虾血液指标变化幅度小于对照组。本文同时对微生态调节剂抗病力的作用机制进行了初步探讨。  相似文献   

3.
生态制品对鲤生长的影响及其作用机理的研究   总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5  
本文根据微生态学原理,从正常健康鲤的肠道中分离、筛选出无毒无害正常菌群Jy10、Jy31制成生态制品,作为鲤的饲料添加剂,用以饲养鲤,其应用结果表明,鲤生态制品饲养组的增重率、能量同化率、生态生长效率(K_1),组织生长效率(K_2)以及多项生理生化指标(Rbc、Hb、血糖量、血浆总蛋白量、红细胞脆性、肌肉含蛋白质率等)均高于或优于对照组。本文对生态制品的促长作用机理进行了初步分析。  相似文献   

4.
生态调节剂防治抗生素相关性腹泻   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文了生态调节剂防治抗生素相关性腹泻的效果并调查抗生素对肠菌群的影响。结果表明,预防组AAD的发生率明显低于对照组,预防组肠道菌群失调较轻而对照组肠道菌群明显失调,应用生态调节剂治疗AAD有效率为80.3%,治疗后AAD病人肠道菌失调 明显好转。提示生态调节剂能维护肠道微生态平衡减少AAD的发生。  相似文献   

5.
中草药白花蛇舌草等对实验性大肠癌作用机制的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的探讨白花蛇舌草等中药在体内对大肠癌的抑制作用和抑瘤机制。方法以大肠癌裸鼠移植瘤为动物模型,观察肿瘤的生长速度,免疫组化法及肠道菌群培养技术观察大肠癌裸鼠移植瘤PCNA表达及阳性细胞密度、肿瘤坏死因子和白介素6的表达以及肠道菌群的培养。结果白花蛇舌草和仙鹤草用药组肿瘤生长率小于对照组,达50.86%,微生态调节剂组低于用药组;在肠道菌群及免疫调节能力上用药组优于对照组,微生态调节剂组优于用药组。结论白花蛇舌草和仙鹤草在体内能显著抑制大肠癌的生长。  相似文献   

6.
马齿苋多糖对肠道微生态失调小鼠的调整作用研究   总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1  
目的研究应用马齿苋多糖对肠道微生态失调小鼠进行调整治疗,达到从微生态学角度防治感染的目的。方法应用林可霉素灌胃建立肠道微生态失调小鼠模型,然后用马齿苋多糖进行治疗,同时设正常对照组、阳性对照组和阴性对照组,于给药7 d后处死小鼠,进行肠道菌群定量、肠内容物挥发性脂肪酸检测及肠黏膜电镜观察。结果林可霉素灌胃3 d后,小鼠肠道菌群失调,肠内容物挥发性脂肪酸含量明显下降,肠黏膜损伤严重。持续7 d治疗后,治疗组小鼠肠道双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量明显上升,肠内容物挥发性脂肪酸含量明显上升,损伤的肠黏膜基本修复。结论应用林可霉素可以成功建立肠道微生态失调动物模型;马齿苋多糖具有扶植肠道正常菌群生长,调整菌群失调,防治感染的作用,是理想的中药微生态调节剂。  相似文献   

7.
金银花水提物对肠道微生态失调大鼠的调整作用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的研究金银花水提取物作为微生态调节剂对肠道微生态失调大鼠肠道菌群的调整作用。方法结扎大鼠胆总管造成肠道菌群失调模型后分别以金银花、丽珠肠乐、金银花与丽珠肠乐合剂、生理盐水灌胃,于灌胃4d后测定各组大鼠肠道菌群组分、乙酸含量及肝脏中肠杆菌易位情况。结果大鼠肠道菌群失调得到恢复,肠道内乙酸含量增加,易位至肝脏的肠杆菌数量减少,与自然恢复组相比,差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05),金银花与丽珠肠乐合剂组效果最佳。结论金银花水提物作为益生元对大鼠肠道菌群失调具有调整作用。  相似文献   

8.
近年来随着过敏性哮喘发病率的持续升高,人们开始注意到环境、生活方式的改变可能会影响过敏性哮喘的发生。流行病学调查显示,过敏性哮喘的发生和发展与生命早期肠道菌群的紊乱密切相关。本研究主要综述近年来肠道菌群对过敏性哮喘发生的影响及机制,探讨影响肠道菌群定植的主要因素,以及微生态调节剂在过敏性哮喘等变应性疾病中的预防和治疗作用。  相似文献   

9.
对种族、生活习惯不同人群的肠道菌群进行研究,寻找适宜的生态调节剂是微生态学的研究热点[1].在我国,对汉族、彝族人群的肠道菌群研究的较多[1,2],已经能够对肠道内10余类细菌进行定量分析,同时也研制出了如促菌生、回春生、昂立1号等微生态制剂用于临床[3].  相似文献   

10.
植物多糖对肠道微生态的作用研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
近年来,随着微生态学的发展,越来越多的学者认识到肠道微生态平衡对人体健康的重要意义。许多研究表明植物多糖作为肠道微生态调节剂,具有调节肠道菌群比例、促进肠黏膜修复、增强肠黏膜分泌型免疫球蛋白表达及调节细胞因子水平等作用。除此以外,植物多糖具有来源广泛、成本低廉、作用效果好等优势。本文归纳了近年来报道的具有肠道微生态调节功能的植物多糖及其研究方法和作用机制等,希望为今后的研究重点和发展方向提供参考。  相似文献   

11.
Employing new inbred guinea pig strains, JY 1, JY 2 and JY 3, established in this Institute in addition to strains 2 and 13, the authors investigated histocompatibility restriction in macrophage-T lymphocyte interaction. These five strains are known to possess distinct major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene profiles (1, 2). This fact was supported by our results concerning the mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) and cytotoxicity test with alloantisera. Using various combinations of T lymphocytes and peritoneal exudated cells (PECs) from these strains, in vitro proliferative responses of T lymphocytes from BCC-immune animals to PPD-pulsed normal PEC were tested. Successful activation of T cell response was observed not only in syngeneic combinations but also in allogeneic combinations among strains JY 1, JY 3 and strain 13 which share common Ia antigens detected by strain 2 anti-strain 13 alloantiserum. Because JY 1 and JY 3 seem to share a common B antigen differing from strain 13, it was suggested that identification in the I region of MHC is sufficient for effective antigen-presentation by the macrophage. Although a part of Ia is shared, no T lymphocyte activation was observed in the combination between JY 2 and JY 1 or JY 3, whereas strong MLR occurred in these allogeneic combinations. At the present stage of the study, it can be said that disparity in the part(s) of Ia antigens which is responsible for strong MLR cannot lead to effective T cell-macrophage interaction. These results support the concept that functional activation of primed, proliferating T lymphocyte requires the participation of gene products of macrophages coded for by the I region in MHC. By employing JY 1, JY 2 and strain 2, which appear to possess distinct B and Ia antigens, it was shown that the T lymphocyte and macrophage interactions essential for mitogen-induced T lymphocyte proliferation are not restricted by histocompatibility.  相似文献   

12.
Subnanomolar concentrations (3 × 10−10 M) of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin (Ltx) trigger apoptosis of JY cells, as shown by a decrease in mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm), hyperproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and release of cytochrome c from the intermembrane space. When compared with heat-inactivated leukotoxin (ΔI Ltx) controls, ATP levels in Ltx-treated JY cells continued to decrease during a 24 h experiment while cytoplasmic ADP concentrations were increasing. These results suggest that a blockage occurred in ATP/ADP exchange. To maintain ATP/ADP exchange, JY cells were transfected with bcl -2 and bcl -xL and incubated with Ltx. ATP levels of the transfected cells decreased to 67% (JY/ bcl -2) and 73% (JY/ bcl-x L) after the experiment. Furthermore, cytochrome c remained localized to the mitochondrial fraction of Ltx-treated JY/ bcl -2 and JY/ bcl-x L cells, whereas its presence in the cytoplasmic fraction of JY/ gen cells suggests an uncoupling of electron transport. Expression of bcl -2 and bcl-x L in cells inhibited downstream apoptotic events such as cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, DNA fragmentation and activation of a family of caspases. The results indicate that Ltx induces apoptosis through a mitochondrial pathway that involves decreased levels of the ADP in the mitochondrial matrix, a lack of substrate for ATP synthetase and arrest of oxidative phosphorylation.  相似文献   

13.
本文报道了不同浓度的柞蚕蛹抗菌肽D,对大肠杆菌K_(12)D_(31)的杀灭作用动力学。在LEG培养液中,抗菌从D的浓度在5微克/毫升时显效。浓度在10微克/毫升以上时,其杀菌速度大于细菌的增殖速度。固定抗菌肽浓度为10微克/毫升,细菌浓度在3×10~7个细菌/毫升,培养在磷酸钾盐缓冲液中,4小时后能全部杀灭。同样浓度细菌在LEG培养液中,4小时后细菌数下降到约为10~2个细菌/毫升,但不能全部杀灭。同时还提供了柞蚕蛹抗菌肽D和B对大肠杆菌K_(12)D_(31)作用不同时间的电镜照片。  相似文献   

14.
Involvement of the acid sphingomyelinase pathway in uva-induced apoptosis   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
The sphingomyelin-ceramide pathway is an evolutionarily conserved ubiquitous signal transduction system that regulates many cell functions including apoptosis. Sphingomyelin (SM) is hydrolyzed to ceramide by different sphingomyelinases. Ceramide serves as a second messenger in mediating cellular effects of cytokines and stress. In this study, we find that acid sphingomyelinase (SMase) activity was induced by UVA in normal JY lymphoblasts but was not detectable in MS1418 lymphoblasts from Niemann-Pick type D patients who have an inherited deficiency of acid SMase. We also provide evidence that UVA can induce apoptosis by activating acid SMase in normal JY cells. In contrast, UVA-induced apoptosis was inhibited in MS1418 cells. Exogenous SMase and its product, ceramide (10-40 micrometer), induced apoptosis in JY and MS1418 cells, but the substrate of SMase, SM (20-80 micrometer), induced apoptosis only in JY cells. These results suggest that UVA-induced apoptosis by SM is dependent on acid SMase activity. We also provide evidence that induction of apoptosis by UVA may occur through activation of JNKs via the acid SMase pathway.  相似文献   

15.
He—Ne激光对多刺裸腹蚤心脏搏动影响的初步研究   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
谢惠安  李银妹 《激光生物学报》1993,2(1):216-218,203
用He—Ne激光(30mw,10分钟,室温)辐照多刺裸腹蚤的心脏或脑神经节,发现多刺裸腹蚤的心跳频率发生降低或增高的变化。停止辐照同一样品在自然培养液中培养24小时后,两处理组的心跳频率都大大增加。本文对这些现象进行了探讨。  相似文献   

16.
New inbred strains of guinea pigs, JY 1, JY 2, JY 3, JY 6, JY 9 and JY 10 have been established in this Institute. Serologic studies of guinea pig leukocyte antigens (GPLA antigens) were carried out in order to examine their major histocompatibility complex (GPLA complex). Antisera specific for Ia antigens were raised by cross-immunization of NIH strain 2 (NIH 2) and NIH strain 13 (NIH 13) guinea pigs, well known inbred guinea pigs. The sera identified four distinct Ia specificities, which were designated as Ia.2a, Ia2b, Ia.13a and Ia.13b. Six antigenic specificities different from the above Ia specificities were identified by sera obtained by appropriate immunization of the inbred guinea pigs and were designated as P.1, P.2, P.3, P.4, P.5 and P.6. Antigenic specificities of GPLA antigens recognized in inbred guinea pigs were : NIH 2 (Ia.2a, Ia.2b, P.1, P.2, P.O, P.4), NIH 13 (Ia.13a, Ia.13b, P.1, P.2, P.3, P.4), JY 1 (Ia.13a, Ia.13b, P.5), JY 2 (Ia.2b, Ia.13b, P.3, P.4, P.6), JY 3 (Ia.13a, Ia.13b, P.2, P.4, P.5), JY 6 (Ia.2b, Ia.13b, P.3, P.6), JY 9 (Ia.13a, Ia.13b, P.4, P.5), JY 10 (Ia.13a, Ia.13b, P.2, P.3, P.4, P.6), JY 9 (Ia.13a, Ia.13b, P.4, P.5), JY 10 (Ia.13a, Ia.13b, P.2, P.3, P.4, P.6). The correspondence of these specificities to those already reported was discussed and the P.2 or P.4 was considered to be an additional specificity of GPLA antigens that have not been reported yet. As the new inbred strains of guinea pigs were thus found to possess characteristic GPLA complex, which differ from each other and from those of NIH 2 and NIH 13 strain, they should be useful for studies of roles of the major histocompatibility complex in the immune system.  相似文献   

17.
一株高效苯酚降解菌的选育及降酚性能研究   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
从一绝缘材料厂的污水中分离得到一株可高效降解苯酚的菌株JY01, 该菌株的形态和理化特征与Bacillus基本相同, 其16S rDNA序列与Bacillus simplex (AM9216370)的相似性为99.01%。在接种量为2%的条件下, 该菌在pH为6.0~9.0和温度为18°C~36°C的范围内保持对苯酚良好的降解能力; 30 h内, 当苯酚浓度为1100 mg/L和1300 mg/L时, 其降解率分别为99.16%和74.76%。这将为进一步采用生物法处理含酚废水提供了可靠的控制条件。  相似文献   

18.
以聚丙烯腈纤维为载体制备固定化青霉素G酰化酶的研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
以酸部分水解聚丙烯腈纤维为载体 ,以戊二醛为交联剂 ,共价键结合制备了固定化胞外青霉素G酰化酶。当水解后的载体中 NH2 基含量为 690 μmol g和含水量为 64%时 ,对酶蛋白的固定量达 1 0 0mg g以上 ,固定化酶的活力达 2 30 0IU g ,酶活力总产率为 30 % ,固定化效率为 56%。酶活力的总产率和固定化率随加酶量的增加而降低。该酶可以将浓度为 2 5%~1 2 5%的青霉素G钾盐水解 98%以上。批投青霉素G钾盐为 1 0g,酶负荷为 1 50IU g(PGK) ,经2 0批水解反应后 ,剩余酶活力为 80 %。用二硫基苏醣醇处理固定化酶 ,对水解青霉素G钾盐的操作稳定性有促进作用。固定化酶的室温保存半衰期为 1 30d。用戊二醛和硼氢化钠溶液处理固定化酶后 ,酶活力的室温保存稳定性有所降低。  相似文献   

19.
A needs assessment survey of ethics review committees (ERCs) across Africa was conducted in order to establish their major needs and areas of weaknesses in terms of ethical review capacity. The response rate was 84% (31 of 37 targeted committees), and committees surveyed were located in 18 African countries. The majority of the responding committees (61%) have been in existence between 5 and 10 years; approximately 74% of the respondents were institutional committees, with the remainder being either national (6/31) or regional (2/31).
In terms of the ethical review process, nine of the 31 committees that responded did not have standard operating procedures (SOPs), and seven of the 22 that did have SOPs had never revised them after their initial development (an average period of three years). Of the 31 committees, 10 operated without any ethical guidelines. Many of the committees (13/30) met once per month, and the number of proposals reviewed annually varied, ranging from five to over 100. All respondents relied on paper-based data management and archiving systems.
Overall, the survey identified the major constraints on ERCs as lack of office equipment, outdated or lack of SOPs, lack of electronic data management systems, inadequate resources, lack of or insufficient expertise on the committees, and poor recognition of the importance of the role of the committees. Consequently, the authors are addressing the identified needs and weaknesses through the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation-funded capacity building project. The impact of the intervention project will be assessed during and at the end of the four-year longitudinal project.  相似文献   

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