基于NDVI的中国天然森林植被净第一性生产力模型

根据叶面积指数、归一化植被指数（ＮＤＶＩ）建立了中国森林植被净第一性生产力（ＮＰＰ）模型：ＮＰＰ＝－０．６３９４－６７．０６４ｌｎ（１－ＮＤＶＩ）经我国１３组森林植被生产力数据的验证表明,该模型的预测结果与实测值相符较好。通过与Ｃｈｉｋｕｏ模型和综合模型（周广胜等,１９９６）预测结果的比较,该模型在总体上优于Ｃｈｉｋｕｇｏ模型和综合模型。表明基于ＮＤＶＩ的净第一生产力模型对我国森林植被有良好的适应     

鹤山南亚热带草坡生态系统的生物量和生产力研究

以能量利用效率研究为中心,系统研究并分析了鹤山南亚热带草坡多年的光合作用与总第一性生产力、生物量与生物量增量、气候生产力模型和能量利用效率等能量学特征。草坡的总生物量为１１．３０ｔ·（ｈｍ）－２·ａ－１,其生物量增量为１．３９８ｔ·（ｈｍ）－２·ａ－１;草坡的总第一性生产力为４５．５４ｔ·（ｈｍ）－２·ａ－１,净第一性生产力为９．１０８ｔ·（ｈｍ）－２·ａ－１,用于净光合作用耗热１０５．５ＭＪ·ｍ－２·ａ－１,净光合耗热中又仅有２１．１ＭＪ·ｍ－２·ａ－１,用于净第一性生产力,净第一性生产力中又仅有３．２４ＭＪ·ｍ－２·ａ－１用于生物量增量;草坡生态系统的光能利用效率为０．０７％。草坡的能量利用效率是很低的     

草原露天煤矿区植被对地下水位埋深变化的响应

草原采矿活动疏排地下水导致区域地下水位下降,植被退化严重。明确草原采矿活动影响区域地下水位埋深的强度和范围,确定影响植被生长的地下水位埋深阈值,对草原矿区生态环境保护有着重要意义。以呼伦贝尔草原伊敏露天煤矿为例,利用遥感方法,建立采矿前后区域地下水埋深变化与NDVI的定量响应关系;通过样方调查,确定研究区植被群落随地下水位埋深变化的演替模式,分析草原矿区地下水位变化对草原植被类型、物种丰富度、植被覆盖度、地上生物量和综合优势比的影响;结合两种方法,确定维持研究区植被正常生长的地下水位埋深阈值。其结果如下：从柴达敏诺尔湖至采坑边缘,地下水位埋深从0 m逐渐下降至60 m,植被群落演替为盐化草地→典型草原→退化典型草原→退化草甸草原→盐化草甸草原;研究区最适宜植被生长的地下水位埋深约为1 m;1-30 m为维持研究区植被正常生长的阈值地下水位埋深。最后根据以上结论,将研究区划分为地下水开发的一级敏感区、二级敏感区和三级敏感区,针对不同敏感区提出了不同的地下水开发政策,以防止采矿活动疏排地下水引起草原退化。     

利用CASA模型估算我国植被净第一性生产力

基于地理信息系统和卫星遥感应用技术,利用CASA模型估算了我国1997年植被净第一性生产力及其分布。结果表明：1997年我国植被净第一性生产力为1．95PgC,约是世界陆地植被年净第一性生产力的4．0％;我国植被净第一性生产力的主要分布趋势是从东南沿海向西北逐渐减小,其中海南岛南部、云南西南部、青藏高原东南部的热带雨林和季雨林地区植被年净第一性生产力最大,达900gC.m^2.a^-1以上,而西部塔克拉玛干沙漠地区植被年净第一性生产力最小,不足10gC.m^-2.a^-1。     

全球气候变化的中国自然植被的净第一性生产力研究

本文根据已建立的植物生理生态学特点与水热平衡关系的植物净第一性生产力模型对中国自然植被的净第一性生产力现状及全球变化后的自然植被的净第一性生产力进行了分析,给出了中国陆地生态系统自然植被的净第一性生产力在全球气候变化条件下的变化图景,为合理开发、利用自然资源,以及监测和预测中国陆地生态系统自然植被净第一性生产力的变化及应采取的策略提供了科学依据。     

1961-2010年内蒙古草原植被分布和生产力变化——基于MaxEnt模型和综合模型的模拟分析

定量评估气候变化对内蒙古草原植被分布及其净第一性生产力的影响有助于理解干旱区域生态系统结构和功能对气候变化的响应。基于最大熵模型（MaxEnt）评价了气候因子的重要性,进而模拟了1961-2010年内蒙古草原植被的地理分布,同时应用综合模型模拟了净第一性生产力变化。研究表明,湿润指数（MI）、年降水量（P）、最暖月平均温度（T_w）和最冷月平均温度（T_c）是决定草原植被分布的主导气候因子。1961-2010年内蒙古草甸草原、典型草原和荒漠草原分布面积分别减少了5%、1%和62%,草原面积整体减少了11%,预示着草原向着荒漠化的方向发展。降水是决定内蒙古草原净第一性生产力变化的最重要因素。     

四种抗脂肪肝物质降低草鱼肝胰脏脂质积累的替代关系

采用１１种添加不同水平的蛋氨酸（Ｍｅｔ）,胆碱（Ｃｈ）甜菜碱（Ｂｅｔ）和大豆卵磷脂（Ｌｅｃ）的饲料饲养初始体重约１５ｇ的草鱼,研究了它们降低草鱼肝胰脏脂质积累的相互替代关系,１１种饲料中这四种物质的含量分别为（％）：（１）１．１Ｍｅｔ０．０８Ｃｈ,（２）１．１Ｍｅｔ０．３３Ｃｈ,（３）１．３Ｍｅｔ０．２３Ｃｈ,（４）１．５Ｍｅｔ０．１３Ｃｈ,（５）１．３Ｍｅｔ０．１３Ｃｈ,（６）１．３Ｍｅｔ０．１     

陆地植被净第一性生产力的研究

回顾了当前国内外陆地植被净第一性生产力（ＮＰＰ） 的研究现状，分析了３ 种生产力模型（ 气候相关模型、过程模型和光能利用率模型） 在应用于全球和区域生产力研究时的长处及不足：气候相关模型在气候变化研究中应用比较多，但计算的只是潜在ＮＰＰ；过程模型着重于植物生长的生理生态过程，但过于复杂，模型中的参数不易获得；光能利用率模型因为可直接利用遥感数据成为ＮＰＰ模型发展的一个主要方面．对国内ＮＰＰ的研究及遥感手段在ＮＰＰ研究中的应用进行了分析．     

南亚热带森林群落光合作用的模拟研究

以广东黑石顶森林群落为对象,将群落分为４层,其高度分别为２１ｍ,１３ｍ,９ｍ和１．５ｍ,对每层植物种类的叶片光合作用水平及相关因子进行了测定．建立了３个以净光合速率对光合有效辐射和ＣＯ２浓度响应的数学方程式为基础的植物瞬间光合作用模型．不同模型对群落各层的模拟效果不同,模型中的参数反映了群落各层植物对光合有效辐射的不同利用效率,即有第一层＜第二层＜第三层＜第四层．并建立了黑石顶南亚热带群落光合作用模型,利用该群落光合作用模型计算了黑石顶南亚热带常绿阔叶林森林群落的净第一性生产力,每年群落光合作用固定的ＣＯ２为６１．７５ｔ·ｈｍ－２,换算为干物质则为每年３７．０４ｔ·ｈｍ－２．群落净第一性生产力中,群落第一层占８２．０９％,第二层占１０．７７％,第三层占６．２８％,第四层占０．０５％．一年中以６～９这４个月的净第一性生产力最高,而１２、１、２等３个月的净第一性生产力最低     

基于GIS和RS的广东陆地植被生产力及其时空格局

在GIS和RS工具支持下,利用多时相遥感数据NOAA-AVHRRNDVI和地面气象数据研究了广东陆地植被净第一性生产力及其时空分布.结果表明广东陆地植被净第一性生产力的遥感估算值与实测值接近,效果较好;广东陆地植被净第一性生产力介于0～1568.9gC/(m2*a)之间,年平均净第一性生产力约为753.2(±277.0)gC/(m2*a),全省陆地生态系统每年约固定碳1.34×1014g.广东陆地植被净第一性生产力的地区差异显著,反映了广东陆地植被因受人类活动影响而比较破碎的特点;同样,广东陆地植被净第一性生产力的年变化显著,夏半年约为冬半年的4倍以上,这主要与该地区气温和水分条件的季节变化有关;即使是常绿阔叶林,其年净第一性生产力也有明显差异,且年变化显著.     

DNA SYNTHESIS, MITOSIS, AND DIFFERENTIATION IN PANCREATIC ACINAR CELLS IN VITRO

Pieces of mouse embryonic pancreatic epithelium cultured in an inductive situation in vitro, or when examined at critical times in vivo, show a gradient of zymogen granule accumulation. Cells located internally in explants, or in central acini in vivo, show this overt differentiation first. As the epithelia age, the more peripheral cell population proceeds in a similar differentiation. Observations of autoradiograms of H³-thymidine-labeled tissues indicate that the first cells which cease incorporating the DNA-precursor are in the central regions that differentiate first. In older explants, thymidine incorporation is largely restricted to the periphery of the tissue as zymogen appears in the internal cells. Evidence suggests that cells or nuclei which have replicated DNA move inward before dividing. Some daughter cells apparently return peripherad to divide again, whereas others remain centrally where they undergo differentiation. During at least the first 24 hours of these maturational changes, mesenchyme has a stimulatory effect upon epithelial thymidine-incorporation frequencies. The presence of a post-DNA-synthetic population is seen in the form of a group of nonlabeling central cells that remains intact in the midst of a labeled epithelium for as long as 48 hours in vitro (from 72 to 120 hours). If explants are treated with 5-bromodeoxyuridine for any 24-hour segment of the 0 to 72-hour period, before the non-incorporating population arises, no subsequent overt zymogen formation occurs. If explants are treated continuously from 72 to 120 hours, on the other hand, zymogen still forms in some internal cells. Presumably, this differentiation is limited to the postmitotic population as revealed in the thymidine autoradiograms.     

新疆的芍药属

产于我国新疆的芍药属Paeonia L.植物虽然种类不多,但分类上却一直未予澄清。按《FL.URSS》(Tom.7)有两种,P.anomala L.和P.hybrida Pall.,按Stern(1946)有一种,包括两个变种,即P.anomala L.和P.anomala var.intermedia(C.A.     

REPRODUCTION IN FEMALE MANATEES OBSERVED IN SARASOTA BAY, FLORIDA

Resightings of recognizable individual Florida manatees, Trichechus manatus latirostris , in Sarasota Bay provided information on life history and reproductive parameters. These parameters have been documented at winter aggregation sites, but few data existed for Florida's west coast at non-winter sites. Life history data are needed to estimate annual reproduction and survival rates and construct population models for manatees along west central Florida. Observations of 113 recognizable manatees of known sex sighted between 1993 and 1997 indicated a 1: 1 sex ratio. Fifty-three females produced at least 55 calves during five years of observation. Two large, presumably sexually mature females were never observed with calves in over five years of monitoring. Not surprisingly, several reproductive parameters matched those measured in previous studies at winter sites with a mean of 1.8 seasons of calf dependence, 2.2 seasons between births, and age of sexual maturity at 3–4 yr. Birth rates, fecundity, and proportions of females with calves varied only slightly among investigations.     

INTERACTION OF LEUCINE, GLUCOSE, AND KETONE METABOLISM IN RAT BRAIN IN VITRO

Brain cortex slices from fed, 48 h and 120 h fasted rats were incubated and ¹⁴CO₂ was measured from (a) [U-¹⁴C]glucose (5 mm ) either alone or in the presence of l -lcucine (0.1 or 1 mm ), and (b) [U-¹⁴C]leucine or [l-¹⁴C]leucine at 0.1 or 1 mm with or without glucose (5 mm ). In other experiments, sodium dl -3-hydroxybutyrate (3-OHB) or acetoacetate (AcAc) at 1 or 5 mm were added in the above incubation mixture. The rate of conversion of [U¹⁴C]glucose to CO₂ was decreased 20% by leucine at 1 mm and 30–50% by 3-OHB at 1 or 5 mm but not by leucine at 0.1 mm . The effects of 3-OHB and of leucine (1 mm ) were not additive. The effects of leucine were similar in the fed and fasted rats. The rate of conversion of [U-¹⁴C]leucine or [l-^,4C]leucine to ¹⁴CO₂ at 0.1 mm and 1.0 mm was increased by glucose (35%) in the fed or fasted rats. Ketone bodies in the absence of glucose had no effect on leucine oxidation. However, the stimulatory effect of glucose on the rate of conversion of leucine to CO₂ was inhibited by 3-OHB at 5 mm . These results suggest that (a) leucine in increased concentrations (1 mm ) may reduce glucose oxidation by brain cortex while itself becoming an oxidative fuel for brain, and (b) leucine oxidation by brain may be influenced by the prevailing glucose and ketone concentrations.