珠江口及邻近海域大型底栖动物多样性随盐度、水深的变化趋势

利用2006年7-8月(夏季)、2007年4-5月(春季)和2007年10-12月(秋季)珠江丰水期、平水期和枯水期3个航次在南中国海北部珠江口附近海域4条由河口、近岸到深水区调查断面的数据, 研究大型底栖动物多样性由河口-近岸-深水的变化趋势及与环境因子的关系。春季、夏季和秋季分别获得大型底栖动物273、256和148种, 各季节均以环节动物种类最多, 节肢动物次之。大型底栖动物种类数、丰度、生物量和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均由河口向近岸海域升高, 再由近岸向外海深水区降低。Pielou均匀度深水区最高, 其次为近岸。河口和深水区大型底栖动物k-优势度曲线位于近岸浅水域曲线之上, 表明生物多样性由河口向近岸升高, 而由近岸向深水则降低。大型底栖动物与环境因子Pearson相关性分析表明, 春、秋季大型底栖动物种类数、丰度和生物量与水深呈显著的负相关, 秋季种类多样性指数和均匀度也与水深呈显著的负相关性, 而夏季仅生物量与水深呈显著的负相关; 春、秋季大型底栖动物种类数、生物量、丰度、多样性指数和种类均匀度与盐度的相关性不显著, 但是夏季大型底栖动物种类数、丰度、多样性指数和种类均匀度与盐度呈显著正相关。单位面积(0.2 m²)内, 珠江口及邻近海域大型底栖动物在近岸浅水区较深水区和河口生物多样性高, 且生物量丰富。     

宁津近岸海域大型底栖动物生态学特征和季节变化

宁津海域位于山东半岛东端,南北黄海交界处. 根据2007年1、4、7及10月4个航次(冬、春、夏、秋)对宁津近岸海域大型底栖动物调查资料,采用优势度指数、物种多样性指数、丰富度指数、均匀度指数,Bray-Curtis相似性聚类分析以及MDS标序等方法,分析了该区域内大型底栖动物的生态学特点和季节变化.结果表明： 该区域共采集到大型底栖动物243种,其中多毛类动物96种;软体动物43种;甲壳动物77种;棘皮动物13种;其他类群动物14种.各季度优势种有变化也有重叠,拟特须虫和日本倍棘蛇尾为4个季度共有优势种.调查海域年平均生物量为9.5 g·m^-2,最高生物量出现在春季,最低出现在冬季;年平均丰度为219.6 ind·m^-2,最高丰度出现在冬季,最低出现在秋季.物种多样性指数(H)变化范围2.82～3.23,物种丰富度指数(D) 2.28～2.75,物种均匀度指数(J) 0.82～0.86.聚类分析结果表明,4个航次群落分布格局均包含近岸群落和远岸群落;大型底栖动物群落结构与水深和底质等环境因子密切相关.     

浙江近海春、夏季蟹类群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

根据2015年4月和7月浙江近岸海域单船底拖网调查资料, 分析了春、夏两个季节浙江近岸海域蟹类的种类组成、优势种及资源密度分布, 采用生态多样性指数和丰度/生物量比较曲线(ABC曲线)分析了群落物种多样性及其动态变化, 同时运用典范对应分析(CCA)研究了蟹类群落变化与海洋环境因子的关系。结果表明: 浙江沿岸海域春、夏季共捕获蟹类28种, 隶属于11科19属, 调查海域蟹类主要以暖水性种类占优势; 春季优势种为双斑蟳(Charybdis bimaculata)、三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)和日本蟳(Charybdis japonica), 夏季优势种为三疣梭子蟹和双斑蟳; 两个季节蟹类平均资源密度分别为244.38 和585.60 kg/km2, 中北部海域资源密度高于南部海域; 种类丰富度指数(D)、物种多样性指数(H′)和种类均匀度指数(J′)三种群落多样性指数均不高, 蟹类群落多样性水平处于较低水平; 根据ABC曲线评估干扰对蟹类群落的影响可得: 春、夏季浙江近岸蟹类群落分别处于严重干扰和中等干扰状态; 典范对应分析结果表明: 在进行对应分析的9个环境因子中, 水深为影响研究海域春夏两季蟹类分布的首要环境因子; 盐度(表层和底层)为影响蟹类分布的次要环境因子, 其他环境因子也均在一定程度上影响蟹类群落分布。     

广西近岸海域浮游植物群落的生态特征

根据2009年9月(丰水期)和2010年1月(枯水期)广西近岸海域的调查资料,分析了该海域浮游植物的种类组成、优势种、丰度及其分布和多样性等群落生态特征。结果表明:调查海域共鉴定浮游植物4门40属134种,其中硅藻是主要优势类群,占总种数的87.3%;丰水期和枯水期共有种类达84种,种类相似性指数为81.4%,无明显的季节性差异;丰水期优势种较多,其中最主要的优势种为旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros curvisetus)和柔弱伪菱形藻(Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima);枯水期优势种组成相对简单,以球形棕囊藻(Phaeoecystis globosa)占绝对优势,优势度指数为96.1%;浮游植物的丰度呈显著的区域和季节差异;丰水期表现为近岸海域自东向西递减,沿岸普遍高于离岸海域的特征;浮游植物群落的Shannon指数和Pielou均匀度指数平均值分别为2.79和0.58,多样性水平较高;多样性指数和均匀度指数季节变化不明显,但具有显著的空间分布规律,呈中部高而两侧低的单峰态;相关性分析表明,浮游植物丰度与环境因子存在一定的相关性;丰水期,浮游植物丰度与水温呈负相关(P0.05);枯水期,浮游植物丰度与无机氮呈显著正相关(P0.01),而与生化需氧量(P0.01)、盐度(P0.05)呈负相关。     

庙子湖岛人工藻礁修复示范区内外海域夏季大型底栖生物群落结构

2012年9月在庙子湖岛选择人工藻礁修复示范区及附近海域作为样地,开展了人工藻礁修复示范区内外大型底栖生物群落结构的潜水调查,分析了大型底栖群落的种类组成、空间分布和生物多样性.共发现大型底栖海藻14种,大型底栖动物70种,在所有种类中,暖温性种类占绝对优势,优势种为瓦氏马尾藻、铜藻、带偏顶蛤和厚壳贻贝.在水平和垂直空间尺度上,示范区内外海域间的种类组成无明显差异,而整个海域种类组成随水深的变化差异显著,种类随水深增加而减少,并随水深变化划分为A、B两群落.受潮流和波浪的影响,示范区内外海域的生物数量分布差异显著.示范区的丰富度指数为12.25、多样性指数5.726、均匀度指数0.928.大型底栖生物群落处于稳定状态.     

珠江口大型底栖生物群落生态特征

2006年夏季和冬季分别对珠江口附近海域进行了大型底栖生物调查.调查共鉴定出大型底栖生物245种,多毛类最多(140 种).其中夏季共获大型底栖生物153种,多毛类最多(91种);冬季共获大型底栖生物157 种,多毛类最多(93种).夏冬季调查都有出现的生物种类65种.夏季珠江口大型底栖生物平均生物量为14.313 g/m2,平均丰度为205.3 ind/m2.冬季珠江口大型底栖生物平均生物量为13.077 g/m2,平均丰度为168.8 ind/m2.大型底栖生物种类数、生物量和丰度均呈现由河口内向外海增加的趋势.根据Bray-Curtis相似性系数矩阵数据对调查区域的大型底栖生物群落做了聚类(CLUSTER)和多维排序尺度(MDS)分析.结果显示,夏季可以划分为3类生物群落,冬季可以划分为5类生物群落.群落生物多样性分析结果显示,夏季珠江口北部和中部比南部生物多样性低;冬季珠江口北部生物多样性最低.利用丰度生物量比较曲线分析了大型底栖生物群落受干扰程度.结果表明,夏季大型底栖生物群落未受到干扰;冬季珠江口最北部生物群落Ⅰ处于中等干扰程度,其它生物群落未受干扰或受轻微干扰.海区大型底栖生物分布受珠江冲淡水的影响较为明显.     

南麂大檑山岛贻贝增殖区潮间带底栖生物的多样性

2012 年6 月在南麂大檑山岛厚壳贻贝增殖区潮间带布设2 个断面,进行潮间带底栖生物调查。定量采集到底栖生物16 种,其中软体动物6 种,藻类、甲壳类各3 种,腔肠动物、多毛类各2 种。潮间带底栖生物平均丰度为1 592 inds/m²,平均生物量17 326.48 g/m²,以厚壳贻贝的生物量及丰度为最高。大檑山岛潮间带底栖生物的Shannon-Weiner 多样性指数(H')、Simpson 多样性指数(D)、Pielou 均匀度指数(J)和Margalef 丰富度指数(d)分别为1.25~1.53、0.46~0.54、0.49~0.75、0.92~1.25,平均值分别是1.48、0.50、0.57、1.13,多样性指数都比较低,潮间带底栖生物群落受到中度干扰。底栖生物ABC 曲线分析表明,大檑山岛潮间带底栖生物群落处于稳定状态。厚壳贻贝壳长频数分布分析表明,大檑山岛潮间带厚壳贻贝以1~2 龄为主。     

近15年长江口海域海洋生物变化趋势及健康状况评价

对近15年（2004-2018年）长江口海域海洋生物变化趋势进行分析，评价海洋生物健康状况，并对陆源污染物排放与海洋生物变化进行相关性分析。结果表明，（1）长江口海域海洋生物群落结构组成发生了一定变化，与20世纪90年代末相比，浮游植物种类数有所减少，浮游动物、底栖生物种类数有所增加。浮游植物以硅藻为主，但甲藻占比有所增加，2010年以来硅藻、甲藻群落结构进入新的平衡状态；浮游动物以节肢动物为主，主要类群桡足类占比有所下降；底栖生物种类数明显升高。（2）生物多样性总体水平一般，浮游植物多样性指数总体较低，第一优势种的优势度较高；浮游动物多样性指数和丰富度指数多年呈现下降趋势；底栖生物多样性水平一般，优势种渐趋单一。（3）海洋生物总体处于"不健康"状态，主要影响指标为浮游植物密度偏高，浮游动物密度偏低、生物量偏高，底栖动物密度偏高、生物量偏低。生态系统变化与陆源主要污染物排放、营养结构变化及水体富营养化均具有一定的相关性，其中无机氮（DIN）、石油类入海通量与生物健康指数呈显著负相关关系（P < 0.05），无机磷（DIP）与底栖生物生物量呈显著负相关关系。N/P与浮游植物丰度呈显著负相关，但与浮游植物均匀度和多样性指数呈显著正相关；Si/N与浮游植物多样性指数呈显著负相关。海域严重富营养化面积比例与硅藻甲藻种类数比值呈显著正相关关系。     

长江口及毗邻海域大型底栖动物的空间分布与历史演变

于2005～2006年进行的4个航次调查中,分别对长江口及毗邻海域进行了大型底栖动物取样工作.4个航次共发现大型底栖动物330种,其中包括软体动物122种,多毛类83种,甲壳动物67种,棘皮动物23种,底栖鱼类28种,以及其它类群7种.调查区内大型底栖动物的平均栖息密度为(146.4 ± 22.3)个/m2,平均生物量为(12.8 ± 2.3) g/m2,平均香农指数、丰富度指数与均匀度指数分别为1.72 ± 0.16、1.37 ± 0.19、0.64 ± 0.04.研究表明,调查区内的底栖生物自西向东、由近岸向外海大致可分为3个等级:在最西侧的口内水域与杭州湾,底栖生物种类组成最为单调,生物多样性指数最低,群落结构极为脆弱;在紧邻该底栖生物贫乏带的东侧,也就是口外水域与舟山海区,底栖生物种类组成呈现复杂化,生物多样性指数较高,群落结构显著好于口内水域及杭州湾;在调查海域东南侧的近海区,底栖生物的种类组成最为复杂,生物多样性指数最高,群落结构最为稳定.近半个世纪以来,长江口冲淡水区大型底栖动物的总生物量未出现明显变化,其值在20 g/m2左右变动,但各生态类群的优势地位发生了显著更替.个体较小、生长周期较短的多毛类取代个体较大、生长周期较长的棘皮动物,成为目前冲淡水区最重要的优势类群.     

胶州湾大型底栖动物生物多样性现状

根据自1998年2月至2001年11月对胶州湾的10个站15个航次（每季度月一次）的大型底栖动物分布状况调查资料,报道了胶州湾大型底栖生物物种多样性现状,采用了香农-威纳指数、物种丰富度指数以及物种均匀度指数对胶州湾大型底栖生物的群落结构、种类组成、优势种以及数量动态趋势进行了分析。本次调查共采到底栖动物322种,其中多毛类44科133种,甲壳动物42科92种,棘皮动物仅有14种。各站获得平均种类数在8—26种之间,种类最少的出现在7号站,最多的出现在3号站。各站位香农-威纳指数也有很大差异,最大的是2001年11月的8号站,最小的则出现在2001年8月的9号站。7号站和9号站种类数、物种多样性指数及物种丰度指数均较低,这是因为它们位于水流较大的区域,且底质为粗砂。3号站虽然种类数较多,并具有较大的香农-威纳指数,但它的物种均匀度指数却非常低,这是因为3号站靠近菲律宾蛤仔养殖区域,蛤仔的高密度降低了均匀度指数。生物多样性除了受种的数量及其个体密度的影响外,还与多种环境因素有关,如水温,盐度、初级生产力等,人为因素（如污染、过度利用）对底栖生物影响非常大。目的在于为进一步研究胶州湾生物多样性变化及底栖生物资源的合理开发和持续利用提供科学依据和积累资料。     

象山港大型底栖动物生物多样性现状

2006年7月至2008年8月对象山港13个站位进行了8个航次的大型底栖动物采样调查.研究了该海域大型底栖动物群落的优势种组成, 大型底栖动物的丰度、生物量、次级生产力和P/B值,并采用物种丰富度指数、物种均匀度指数和物种多样性指数分析大型底栖动物物种的多样性.调查共获得大型底栖动物123种,其中软体动物48种,甲壳类33种,鱼类和环节动物多毛类各12种,棘皮动物8种,还包括一些腔肠动物、线虫等.群落中优势种较为集中,且优势度指数较高.该海域大型底栖生物年次级生产力平均值为16.70 ·m^-2·a^-1,平均P/B值为0.60.对物种丰富度指数(d)、均匀度指数( J )、辛普森多样性指数(D)和香农多样性指数(H)进行双因素方差分析表明,不同站位之间4种指数的差异均高度显著(P<0.01),周年之间4种指数的差异除均匀度指数不显著外(P>0.05),均高度显著(P<0.01).     

Biodiversity of vespid wasps in spatial and temporal dimensions in northern Zanjan Province of Iran

Vespidae is one of the major families of Hymenoptera with more than 115000 described species. In the present paper, Simpson and Shannon-Wiener diversity indices, Simpson,Camargo, Smith and Wilson, and modified Nee evenness indices, and richness index based on rarefaction method were adopted to study the biodiversity of vespid wasps in spatial and temporal dimensions in northern Zanjan Province of Iran. In spatial dimension, Zanjan and Gilvan showed the highest and the lowest species diversity, evenness, and richness, respectively; while in tem-poral dimension, 16 July-6 August showed the highest species diversity and richness, and 18 May -27 May and 23 August -2 September showed the highest and the lowest species evenness,respectively. Significant differences in species abundance between localities of study area were observed by Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test.     

The biodiversity of macrobenthos from Jiaozhou Bay

The current situation of the animal species biodiversity of macrobenthic fauna in the Jiaozhou Bay (South Shandong Peninsula, Yellow Sea) is reported in the present paper, based on the data from 15 investigation cruises carried out from February 1998 to November 2001. In analyzing the data, the Shannon-Wiener index, and species evenness and richness indices were used to study the trends of variation of the community structure, the species assemblages in the macrobenthic community, the dominant species, and the abundance of macrobenthic fauna in Jiaozhou Bay. A total of 322 species of macrobenthic animals were found in the bay, of which 133 species belong to 44 families of Polychaeta, while 92 species belong to 42 families of Crustacea. The average number of species per sample station ranged from 8 to 26. The Shannon-Wiener indices were very different among the samples, with the highest being recorded from Station 8 in November 2001, and the lowest from Station 9 in August 2001. The number of species, the Shannon-Wiener indices, and the species richness indices from Stations 7 and 9 were generally lower than those from other stations. This is because both the stations are situated at areas with a strong current and where the sediment is coarse sand. Although the richness index of species and the Shannon-Wiener index were high in Station 3, the Pielou evenness index was the lowest of all the sampling stations. This is because the station is located near the culture area of Ruditapes philippinarum, where a high abundance of clams caused low evenness. The results also revealed that the number of species and abundance greatly affected the biodiversity, and some environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, and primary productivity were also closely interrelated with biodiversity. Pollution and overexploitation caused by human activities were very important factors affecting macrobenthic biodiversity. In order to find the best way to enhance and protect living marine resources, the relationship between human activities and the biodiversity of macrobenthos in the Jiaozhou Bay should be studied further.     

The biodiversity of macrobenthos from Jiaozhou Bay

The current situation of the animal species biodiversity of macrobenthic fauna in the Jiaozhou Bay (South Shandong Peninsula, Yellow Sea) is reported in the present paper, based on the data from 15 investigation cruises carried out from February 1998 to November 2001. In analyzing the data, the Shannon-Wiener index, and species evenness and richness indices were used to study the trends of variation of the community structure, the species assemblages in the macrobenthic community, the dominant species, and the abundance of macrobenthic fauna in Jiaozhou Bay. A total of 322 species of macrobenthic animals were found in the bay, of which 133 species belong to 44 families of Polychaeta, while 92 species belong to 42 families of Crustacea. The average number of species per sample station ranged from 8 to 26. The Shannon-Wiener indices were very different among the samples, with the highest being recorded from Station 8 in November 2001, and the lowest from Station 9 in August 2001. The number of species, the Shannon-Wiener indices, and the species richness indices from Stations 7 and 9 were generally lower than those from other stations. This is because both the stations are situated at areas with a strong current and where the sediment is coarse sand. Although the richness index of species and the Shannon-Wiener index were high in Station 3, the Pielou evenness index was the lowest of all the sampling stations. This is because the station is located near the culture area of Ruditapes philippinarum, where a high abundance of clams caused low evenness. The results also revealed that the number of species and abundance greatly affected the biodiversity, and some environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, and primary productivity were also closely interrelated with biodiversity. Pollution and overexploitation caused by human activities were very important factors affecting macrobenthic biodiversity. In order to find the best way to enhance and protect living marine resources, the relationship between human activities and the biodiversity of macrobenthos in the Jiaozhou Bay should be studied further.     

塔里木荒漠河岸林异质生境物种多样性比较与其测度指标筛选及评价

选择合适的物种多样性测度指标与多样性指数是进行群落多样性研究的基础工作。依据塔里木河上游荒漠河岸林样地调查资料,分别采用重要值、盖度和多度为测度指标比较了反映群落物种丰富度、多样性、均匀度和优势度12种多样性指数与异质生境群落多样性特征,并对多样性指数进行了相关分析与评价。结果表明,荒漠河岸林异质生境群落物种组成种类差异明显,轮南镇胡杨群落物种丰富度与多样性指数最高,水工三连灰胡杨群落多样性最低,土壤水盐的空间异质性是引起荒漠植被空间分布与群落多样性差异的主导因子。表征荒漠群落多样性以重要值和盖度为测度指标优于多度指标,其中以重要值为测度指标来反映群落多样性更为合理。相关与主成分分析表明,均匀度与多样性指数间的相关性高于丰富度与多样性指数,且多样性指数受均匀度、优势度指数受丰富度影响较大,反映出荒漠河岸林群落多样性主要决定于物种分布的均匀程度。12种多样性指数中Margalef丰富度指数（Ma）、Shannon-Weiner多样性指数（H）与Simpson多样性指数（D）能客观真实地反映异质生境荒漠植物群落多样性。同时,针对高度生境异质性的荒漠植物群落,还应综合考虑群落物种组成与生境特征,选择合适的多样性指数组合可更客观地反映荒漠河岸林群落多样性变化。     

海南尖峰岭热带山地雨林物种多样性空间分布格局的尺度效应

物种多样性的空间分布格局和维持机制是群落生态学的基本问题。为了探讨海南尖峰岭地区物种多样性空间分布格局的尺度效应, 以海南尖峰岭热带山地雨林60 hm²样地为研究对象, 分析了物种丰富度、物种多度、Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数以及Pielou均匀度指数随6个空间取样尺度(5 m × 5 m、10 m × 10 m、20 m × 20 m、40 m × 40 m、100 m ×100 m、200 m × 200 m)的变化。结果表明: 相比Simpson指数和Pielou均匀度指数, 物种丰富度、多度以及Shannon-Wiener指数具有更为明显的空间尺度效应; 物种丰富度的方差随取样尺度增加呈现单峰分布特征, 并且在20 m × 20 m尺度上达到最大值, 而物种多度的方差随取样尺度的增加而增大; 物种丰富度和多度的正相关性随着取样尺度的增加逐渐减小甚至消失, 这可能与随取样尺度增加生境异质性增加有关; 取样尺度对3个物种多样性指数空间分布的影响可能与研究区域内稀有种的组成有关。     

Scale-dependent spatial patterns of species diversity in the tropical montane rain forest in Jianfengling,Hainan Island,China

Aims Spatial distribution patterns and formation mechanisms of species diversity are fundamental issues in community ecology. The objectives of this study are to assess the species diversity patterns at the different spatial scales in Jianfengling, Hainan Island, China.
Methods Based on the dataset from the 60 hm² plot in the tropical montane rain forest in Jianfengling, Hainan Island, the spatial distribution patterns of species richness, species abundance, Shannon-Wiener, Simpson and Pielou’s evenness indices were analyzed at six spatial scales, including 5 m × 5 m, 10 m × 10 m, 20 m × 20 m, 40 m × 40 m, 100 m × 100 m, and 200 m × 200 m, respectively.Important findings
Results showed that spatial distribution patterns of species richness, species abundance and Shannon-Wiener index were much more obviously changed with the spatial scales than Simpson and Pielou’s evenness indices. Change of variance of the species richness with the increase of spatial scales was unimodal, which had the maximum value at the 20 m × 20 m scale. Variance of the species abundance showed a linear relationship with the increase of spatial scales. The positive relationship between species richness and abundance gradually decreased and even disappeared with the increase of sampling scales, which may be correlated with the increase of habitat heterogeneity. The effects of spatial scales on Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, and Pielou’s evenness indices may be also correlated with the composition of rare species in the plot.     

北京松山自然保护区森林群落物种多样性及其神经网络预测

物种多样性是群落结构和功能复杂性的一种度量,物种多样性的空间分布格局受许多环境因子的影响.运用多样性指数,多层感知器网络,分析了松山保护区森林群落物种多样性与群落类型、结构和生境之间的关系.结果表明:(1)大果榆+山杨混交林、油松+青杨混交林物种丰富度、多样性和均匀度均较高,而大果榆林、华北落叶松林的各项指数值均较低.Patrick指数和Shannon-Weiner指数在森林群落中均表现为草本层＞灌木层＞乔木层;Pielou指数在榆林中表现为草本层＞乔木层＞灌木层,而在其他森林群落中表现为灌木层＞草本层＞乔木层.(2)功能层物种多样性在海拔梯度上的变化趋势不同,在乔木层,丰富度、多样性和均匀度随海拔的升高逐渐降低;在灌木层,丰富度、多样性和均匀度均呈比较明显的单峰曲线变化趋势;在草本层,丰富度和多样性随海拔的升高都呈下降趋势,而在草本层,均匀度变化不大.(3)用多层感知器网络预测功能层多样性效果很好,结果发现坡向对乔木层和灌木层物种多样性的影响最大,而海拔高度对草本层物种多样性的影响最大.     

Stream community structure in relation to spatial variation: the influence of mesohabitat characteristics

Community structure of benthic macroinvertebrates was studied in six first- through fourth-order streams in northeast France, to elucidate changes in richness, abundance, diversity and evenness of mesohabitat assemblages as a function of environmental conditions. Patch samples were subjected to multivariate analyses to determine: (i) relationships among seven indices describing community structure (structure parameters); (ii) relationships among seven environmental variables; (iii) the relationship between community structure and environmental characteristics of patches. Faunal data showed that indices measuring the distribution of individuals among taxa (evenness, dominance) and richness are prominent in describing the structure of macroinvertebrate communities of mesohabitats. The analysis of environmental data demonstrated a major differentiating ability of current velocity and strong inter-relations among in-stream hydraulic-dependent parameters in structuring the mesohabitat environment. The co-structure (= relationship) between community organization and environmental variables indicated that substrate may be a primary determinant of community structure. Current velocity and water depth emerged as secondary factors. Trends in community structure were closely related to the spatial variability of mesohabitats. Species richness increased with habitat heterogeneity. Total abundance increased with trophic potentialities of patches. Equitability and diversity seemed to increase with patch stability. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.