首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
城市生态网络分析研究进展   总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
张妍  郑宏媚  陆韩静 《生态学报》2017,37(12):4258-4267
自生态网络分析方法提出40多年来,其理论发展和应用实践不断拓展,但直至21世纪才不断引入到城市生态系统研究中,用以分析城市内部多个主体和多种生态流构成的关联网络。目前,城市生态网络分析集中于生态网络分析方法与指标的拓展及多尺度的应用研究,而生态网络分析方法又形成了上升性分析和环境元分析两大分支,多尺度应用涵盖了城市镶嵌的区域背景尺度和城市内部产业部门之间的细节尺度。然而,当前研究仍存在着多尺度融合、多种生态网络分析方法集成不足等问题,这限制了城市生态网络分析方法在城市规划设计中的应用。未来城市生态网络分析研究集中于如下3点:(1)开展多尺度城市生态网络分析,包括城市群-城市-园区/社区等,构建多级嵌套生态网络模型;(2)集成上升性与环境元分析方法,提出由外在表征到内在过程的城市生态系统评价模式及模拟方法;(3)强调自然节点在城市生态网络中的重要作用,形成社会经济节点与自然节点并重的生态网络模型,并强调构建多精度的生态网络模型服务于不同的研究目的。  相似文献   

2.
产业生态系统资源代谢分析方法   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2  
产业生态系统是由企业群、资源及环境组成的社会-经济-环境复合生态系统。资源代谢是其功能运行的重要保障。资源代谢在时间和空间尺度上的耗竭及阻滞是造成严重生态环境问题的主要原因。根据生态学原理,运用物质流分析手段解析了产业生态系统的物质流、能流及资金流结构,构建了产业生态系统资源代谢分析模型,提出了资源输入-使用-输出-循环共生四方面的资源代谢分析指标体系和基于模糊综合分析的资源代谢问题树分析方法。在此基础上提出了基于循环共生网络结构模型的生态管理模式。以期为产业资源的生态管理提供方法支撑。  相似文献   

3.
森林生态系统水文调节功能及机制研究进展   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
本研究从森林生态系统的水文过程出发,介绍了其相关概念及发展史,总结了目前森林生态水文学的研究成果,对森林生态系统不同界面层(林冠层、枯落物层及土壤层)的水文过程、影响因素及生态水文模型等方面的国内外研究进展进行了系统的阐述,同时也对森林生态系统的水土保持、水质净化和物质循环过程进行了归纳和总结。目前的研究还需要从以下几方面加以深入:(1)森林生态系统不同界面层(林冠层、枯落物层及土壤层)功能性状与环境因子对流域水分储蓄、循环、入渗与产流过程的影响及其机理;(2)森林生态系统水土保持、水质净化、元素循环三者之间耦合机制方面的研究;(3)森林生态系统的水文过程与能量流动、物质循环之间的相互关系;(4)在时间尺度和流域尺度上研究森林生态系统生态水文过程的变化情况。因此,今后的研究应加强对森林生态系统多学科、多尺度的综合研究,同时要结合现代高新技术方法来研究不同植被类型的功能性状对水文过程的影响及其机制,为森林生态系统的管理提供科学依据。  相似文献   

4.
滨海湿地生态系统土壤微生物及其影响因素研究综述   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
土壤微生物是滨海湿地生态系统中不可或缺的关键组分,在土壤发育、物质循环和污染物净化等诸多土壤生态过程中发挥着重要作用,对滨海湿地生态系统的维持与健康具有重大影响。系统梳理了滨海湿地土壤微生物群落结构特征和多样性,综述了土壤理化性质、植被状况、水文因素、生物入侵、全球变化、湿地开垦、石油污染等因素对滨海湿地土壤微生物的影响。在此基础上,对今后的研究重点提出了4个方面的展望:(1)加强全球变化多因子交互作用下滨海湿地土壤微生物的响应机制;(2)强化滨海湿地土壤微生物与环境因子的互作机理;(3)深化滨海湿地水动力条件对土壤微生物的影响机制;(4)开展土壤微生物与滨海湿地生态系统物质循环综合研究。研究以期为滨海湿地生态系统的保护和修复提供参考。  相似文献   

5.
张萌萌  王帅  傅伯杰  刘焱序  武旭同 《生态学报》2021,41(21):8309-8319
社会-生态系统是由一个或多个社会和生态子系统交互作用形成的复杂的、非线性的、动态耦合系统。理解社会与生态子系统之间的复杂交互关系对于实现有效、可持续的环境治理至关重要。社会-生态网络方法是网络理论在社会-生态交互作用研究中应用与发展的产物,在定量刻画社会-生态系统结构、分析系统动态变化、推动系统适应性治理等方面具有重大的应用潜力。系统梳理了国内外现有的社会-生态网络研究,首先从网络的类型、构建模式、分析方法3个方面介绍社会-生态网络方法,并阐述其在资源管理、社会-生态匹配、社会-生态适应性治理领域中的应用,探讨社会-生态网络方法在研究社会-生态交互作用中的优势和挑战,最后提出未来社会-生态网络研究的重点方向,即社会-生态网络的动态变化过程以及社会-生态网络结构与功能关系。研究旨在深化网络分析可用于描述人—自然关系的认识,为社会-生态系统的网络研究提供实践指导,以期促进社会-生态网络方法在我国社会-生态系统研究中的应用。  相似文献   

6.
赵秋叶  施晓清 《生态学报》2017,37(14):4873-4882
产业生态系统发展规律对于产业转型升级至关重要,对其进行研究也是当前产业生态学的新方向。产业生态系统是指在一定区域内,产业组分以及环境组分之间通过物质交换及能量流动等形成的有机统一整体。产业生态网络则是其各组分之间通过物质流等相互作用构成的生态关系的一种拓扑结构。基于货币型投入产出模型通过物质型转化构建城市尺度产业生态网络,借鉴生态网络分析方法,提出通过循环性、生态效率、上升性3类特征指标判定产业生态网络的演进规律。实证研究了2005—2014年北京市产业生态系统的特征及其演进规律,阐明了其发展的趋势。主要结论是:从趋势分析,北京市产业生态系统循环性、生态效率和上升性有随时间而提升的趋势。其中,循环性和上升性变化趋势一致:总体呈现上升趋势,且2007年数值明显高于其他年份;生态效率总体随年份呈现波浪式增速的趋势;从指数分析:各年份循环指数(FCI)介于0—1之间,表明产业系统的物质循环流量均小于直接流量;A/C指数介于0.187—0.256之间,表明离理论可持续发展状态(0.401)还有相当的距离;生态效率10年提高2.4倍,在2013年已经接近1,到2014年实现大于1的水平,其生态效率已达到这10a间的最优的状态。总体上,北京市产业系统正在向物质循环性、生态效率以及系统上升性逐步提高的方向转型。  相似文献   

7.
基于信息熵量化评价大熊猫国家公园生态系统管理成效   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2  
生态系统管理绩效的量化评价是保护区域生态安全、合理利用自然资源、实现可持续发展的重要前提。选取大熊猫国家公园四川片区作为研究对象,从生态系统服务潜力、人为活动强度、旗舰种保护和生态管理实际情况出发,构建生态系统管理评估指标体系。指标体系包含16个因子。对指标体系构建的数据集,基于熵理论定量评价系统无序程度、发展方向。结果表明:(1)大熊猫国家公园生态系统总熵流值为-0.8309,系统整体健康;其中5个市县总熵流为正,生态系统无序性较大,为非健康状态。(2)生态系统管理的正熵流主要受第一产业影响;负熵流的产生主要来自旗舰种保护和区域保护绩效。在空间尺度上,不同区域间总熵流存在差异,宝兴县总熵流最高,达到0.0880;九寨沟县最低,为-0.1826。综合农村居民收入与总熵流评价结果,研究认为试点期内大熊猫国家公园管理可以考虑选取示范点,总结管理经验;在生态管理热点区域优先推广,如平武县、宝兴县和茂县。在管理过程中谨慎对待社区发展与生态保护的关系。  相似文献   

8.
林力涛  马克明 《菌物学报》2019,38(11):1826-1839
菌根共生体是生物界最广泛的互惠共生体,共生关系多样性是生物多样性的重要组成部分,当前群落尺度菌根共生关系研究才刚刚起步,但发展迅速。网络分析作为生态学研究的重要手段逐渐在菌根共生关系中得以应用,网络分析为群落尺度探究菌根真菌多样性分布规律、共生机制研究提供新观点和途径,对菌根真菌群落结构、生态功能研究具有重要意义。本文总结了网络分析方法在单点式、双点式和多点式菌根共生关系网络研究中的优势和局限性,同时还阐述了零模型选择和构建网络大小对关系网络度量指数的影响,为菌根真菌群落结构、生态功能研究提供新思路,为后续群落尺度菌根共生关系格局研究提供借鉴。  相似文献   

9.
生态网络构建是国土空间生态修复的重要内容,可以有效遏制栖息地破碎的负面效应。本研究提出一种改进的生态网络分析框架,包括基于“形态-质量-功能”3个维度识别生态源地、将可以表征人类活动的兴趣点数据与生境风险评估模型结合构建生态阻力面、运用电路理论提取生态廊道3个方面。以武汉城市圈为研究区,分析生态网络关键点和网络结构特征,并将基于兴趣点与生境风险评估模型的生态阻力面构建方法与传统地类赋值法和传统生境风险评估模型构建阻力面进行对比分析,验证该框架的有效性。结果表明:武汉城市圈全域生态源地面积为1.52万km2,生态廊道长度达1956.68 km,生态“夹点”与障碍点分别为87和67个。相较传统方法,基于改进框架识别的生态网络的物质循环度、网络复杂性以及生态连通性显著提升,网络闭合度、点线率、网络连接度平均提升61.5%、28.1%、28.7%,识别的生态“夹点”和生态障碍点可为生态修复提供精确的决策支持。  相似文献   

10.
徐凌星  杨德伟  高雪莉  郭青海 《生态学报》2019,39(12):4328-4336
工业园区因物质能量的高度集聚,生产-消费过程的网络关联,以及区域示范带动效应,在循环经济发展中受到持续关注。本研究以福建省蛟洋循环经济示范园区为例,应用物质流、生态网络和生态效率等测度分析方法,综合评估了2012—2016年间园区循环经济的网络关联和生态效率。研究结果表明:(1)园区物质流结构单一,关联度和稳定度明显较弱;(2)园区网络的韧性不足,关键节点的级联效应显著,尤其对中下游企业的影响程度大;(3)生态效率指数分析发现,园区关键节点企业在循环经济效益方面带动能力不足,影响园区循环经济的前景。为此,从园区网络关联稳定度和企业生态经济效率优化提升的角度,探讨园区未来的循环经济发展策略。可为处于起步阶段的专一化工业园区探索可行的循环经济模式提供借鉴。  相似文献   

11.
Mitigating the impacts of climate change and ensuring energy supply security has compelled China’s policy makers to maximise the use of alternative and low carbon fuels. Use and production of natural gas (an energy source with low carbon emissions) has experienced remarkable growth in China during the last decade, making China the third largest consumer and importer in the world. This study applied a powerful system-oriented ecological network analysis (ENA) technique to study China’s natural gas policies as they pertain to guarantee supply security. Several indicators based on the ENA were measured to analyse the degree of connectivity, the contributions of different compartments, resource utilisation (aggradation), development (ascendancy) and sustainability of China’s natural gas supply system. It was found that China’s source and route diversification policy have caused the natural gas supply system to exhibit considerable network complexity, demonstrating the high level of development, flexibility and diversity of China’s natural gas supply system. However, the policy also has caused a decrease in the aggradation and sustainability from the perspective of an ecological system network. The most important compartments in terms of their contribution to China’s natural gas supply system were found to be domestic natural gas production and transit compartments.  相似文献   

12.
In the context of present global changes, interest in understanding how systems respond to anthropogenic environmental pressures and stress has increased. Indices that characterize ecosystem state are helpful tools for the interpretation of ecosystem responses. The central question is how to link these responses to ecosystem structure and functioning and to quantify ecosystem persistence, resistance or resilience. Quantification and characterization of trophic networks by ecological network analysis (ENA) indices is proceeding rapidly, especially in the field of coastal ecology. In this contribution, we review several theories that relate ecosystem structure and function to stability. The structure and functioning of ecosystems change during the maturation of ecosystems. In the first section, the maturation of ecosystems is described using thermodynamics. In the second and third parts of this paper, we define some concepts for analysing structure and functioning of food webs and discuss their relation to stability. In the last section, we describe three ENA indices and their link to stability. We demonstrate that ENA provides powerful tools for describing local stability, combining quantitative and qualitative concepts. However, it remains incomplete for describing real conservation cases that combine local and global stability.  相似文献   

13.
Review of the Foundations of Network Environ Analysis   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
This article introduces and summarizes the foundations of network environ analysis and describes four primary properties resulting from this research. These properties—dominance of indirect effects (Higashi and Patten 1986), network amplification (Patten and others 1990), network homogenization (Patten and others 1990), and network synergism (Patten 1991)—provide insight into the behavior of holistic network interactions. In short, amplification, homogenization, and indirect effects demonstrate the influence of the indirect flows in a system to show that energy or matter cycling allows flow to return to the same component many times and tend to become evenly distributed within the network. Synergism relates direct and indirect, qualitative relations to show that network organization is, on the whole, more mutualistic than is apparent from direct interactions alone. Using network analysis, objects can be studied as part of a connected system and the indirect effects can be identified and quantified. This is a fundamentally different way of investigating ecosystems, and it gives a quantitative foundation to the widely held perception of the interconnectedness of nature. Received 7 July 1998; accepted 6 January 1999.  相似文献   

14.
陈绍晴  房德琳  陈彬 《生态学报》2015,35(7):2227-2233
人类开发活动造成剧烈的生态系统自然条件变化,生态风险评价可以对受到人为干扰下生态系统(包括物种和群落等)的潜在影响进行模拟和量化。通过对信息流量的概念和网络控制分析,综合考虑生态系统组分间的直接和间接作用,提出一种能实现全局风险模拟的生态网络模型,即信息网络模型。在该模型基础上,建立了面向整体生态系统的生态风险评价框架,同时实现兼容多胁迫因子统一模拟和多风险受体间的风险追踪。以澜沧江漫湾水库为例,在估算重金属Hg、Pb和Cd初始环境风险后,利用信息网络模型追踪分析生态系统中不同生态功能组分之间的风险传递路径,评估各生态组分和整体系统的危险程度。结果表明,在累积效应作用下,对于生态系统和部分群落,整合网络风险值与初始环境风险值之间有着显著差别;在发生环境胁迫时,虽然处于食物网底层的生物类群可能最先受险,但在控制信息作用下食物网上层类群也会受险,甚至其最终受到的潜在威胁比前者更大。信息网络模型可识别出复杂的风险流动路径和群落间的风险累积,从而为生态系统风险评价和管理提供更为系统综合的理论依据。  相似文献   

15.
葛永林  徐正春 《生态学报》2014,34(15):4151-4159
奥德姆的生态思想是妥协的整体论,有还原论的一面。把生态系统看作是功能性整体、承认生态系统各层次的涌现属性属于整体论,把生态关系简化为能量关系、把生态系统看作是物理系统的分析方法则是还原论的。这种矛盾的生态思想决定了其方法论的先天不足:生态模型的内在逻辑关系没有理顺;较少考虑生态系统的进化;生态研究方法的排它性等。但是,它并不妨碍奥德姆的生态思想在夯实生态学的本体论基础、促进理论生态学和生态工程学的形成、协调生态整体论与还原论分歧、奠定生态系统服务功能研究基础等方面发挥重要作用。要超越生态整体论与还原论,繁荣发展生态复杂性理论也许是最好的选择。  相似文献   

16.
Ecological risk assessment, aiming at evaluating a wide range of undesirable consequences initiated by a possible eco-environmental hazard, has been the center of concern for ecosystem management in recent years. However, when it comes to disturbed natural ecosystems, most models developed for ecological risk assessment are restricted to instant cause–effect computation of single factors and often ignore the indirect effects, therefore fail to implement a holistic assessment at an ecosystem scale when interactions of different risk receptors are obvious. In this study, we developed a risk-based network model based on a new control analysis termed control allocation and a conceptual conversion of flow currency in NEA. By taking a river ecosystem intercepted by dam construction as an example, risk propagation between all functional guilds of the ecosystem concerning both direct risk and integral risk dynamic were quantified and illustrated in the network model. The results of this new risk assessment showed that there were significant differences between network integral risk and input risk, and although the phytoplankton received the instantaneous impact of chromium pollution among all the functional guilds, it was the piscivorous fish which obtain the greatest overall risk threat. On the basis of the model results, we proposed the network-based indicators for assessing the system-wide risk condition and component-specific risk scenarios of disturbed ecosystems exposed to single or multiple stressors. This study could provide a novel perspective and methodology for assessing ecological risk at the system scale, and concurrently, serve as an elicitation of how we can effectively evaluate ecosystems on the same analytic basis of information-based networks.  相似文献   

17.
Indicating ecosystem and landscape organisation   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
This paper presents a brief outline of the theoretical and conceptual fundamentals for the derivation of an ecosystem oriented indicator system to demonstrate the state of ecological entities on a holistic basis. There are two branches of argumentation: on a normative level, the sustainability principle is interpreted from an anthropocentric point-of-view; sustainability in this context means to provide ecosystem services on a broad scale and a long-term basis, including the attempt to avoid unspecific ecological risks. A second line-of-argumentation bases on the principles of ecosystem analysis and the theory of ecological orientation. Consequently, the aspired indicandum is the self-organising capacity of ecosystems, and the indicator sets represents an aggregate of structural and functional ecosystem features in a developing environment. The indicator set is demonstrated by one case study from the Bornhoeved Lakes ecosystem research project.  相似文献   

18.
Ecological and evolutionary processes may interact on the same timescale, but we are just beginning to understand how. Several studies have examined the net effects of adaptive evolution on ecosystem properties. However, we do not know whether these effects are confined to direct interactions or whether they propagate further through indirect ecological pathways. Even less well understood is how the combination of direct and indirect ecological effects of the phenotype promotes or inhibits evolutionary change. We coupled mesocosm experiments and ecosystem modeling to evaluate the ecological effects of local adaptation in Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata). The experiments show that guppies adapted to life with and without predators alter the ecosystem directly through differences in diet. The ecosystem model reveals that the small total indirect effect of the phenotype observed in the experiments is likely a combination of several large indirect effects that act in opposing directions. The model further suggests that these indirect effects can reverse the direction of selection that direct effects alone exert back on phenotypic variation. We conclude that phenotypic divergence can have major effects deep in the web of indirect ecological interactions and that even small total indirect effects can radically change the dynamics of adaptation.  相似文献   

19.
In an era of increasingly multidisciplinary science, it is essential to identify the frontiers as well as the core of an inherently holistic discipline: ecosystem ecology. To achieve this, we led a series of town hall events at multiple scientific-society meetings over a two-year period followed by a workshop with a diverse set of ecosystem scientists to review and expand on those outcomes. For the society town hall events ~70 individuals were asked to give short, provocative (the so-called, soapbox) presentations and audience members (~250) filled out tailored surveys. Both presentations and surveys were transcribed and themes were extracted and analyzed before and during the follow-up workshop. Formal ethnographic analysis of the soapbox texts produced three major themes: “frontiers,” “capacity building,” and “barriers to implementation,” including several subthemes. A workshop was held to analyze the ethnographic data where workshop participants further grouped key frontiers as (1) rethinking the drivers of ecosystem change, (2) new insights into ecosystem process and function, (3) evaluating human dimensions of ecosystem ecology, and (4) new angles on problem-solving/applied research. In addition, 13 experts were interviewed to crosscheck interpretations. The survey data, workshop deliberations, and expert interviews suggest that the core of these frontiers defines the current state and provides the foundational knowledge that bounds ecosystem ecology as a discipline. In response to emerging complex environmental issues and ongoing socioecological challenges, the edges of these frontiers expand fundamental ecosystem ecology to engage and intersect with disciplinary realms to create new ways of making sense of complexity, and to develop an even more holistic understanding of ecological systems. In this paper, we present our synthesis of the frontier and core research themes with the goal of inspiring the next wave of studies in ecosystem ecology.  相似文献   

20.
Indirect effects are important components of ecological and evolutionary interactions that may maintain biodiversity, enable or inhibit invasive species, and challenge ecosystem assessment and management. A central hypothesis of Network Environ Analysis (NEA), one type of ecological network analysis, is that indirect flows tend to dominate direct flows in ecosystem networks of conservative substance exchanges. However, current NEA methods assume that these ecosystems are stationary (i.e. time invariant exchange rates), which is unlikely to be true for many ecosystems for interesting time and space scales. For the work reported here, we investigated the sensitivity of the dominance of indirect effects hypothesis to the stationary modeling assumption by determining the development rate of indirect effects and flow intensity, as expressed as the number of transfer steps, in thirty‐one ecosystem models. We hypothesized that indirect effects develop rapidly in ecological networks, but that they would develop faster in biogeochemically based models than in trophically based models. In contrast, our results show that indirect effects develop rapidly in all thirty‐one models examined. In 94% of the models, indirect flows exceeded direct flows by a pathway length of 3. This indicates that ecological systems do not need to maintain a particular configuration for long for indirect effects to dominate. Thus, the dominance of indirect effects hypothesis remains plausible. We also found that biogeochemical models tended to require more of the extended path network than the trophic models to account for 50% and 95% of the total system activity, but that both types of models required more of the power series than is typically considered in engineered systems. These results succinctly illustrate the complexity of ecological systems and help explain why they are challenging to assess and manage.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号