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1.
四种利用不同生境蜥蜴运动能力的形态特征相关性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
动物体态特征、功能表现和生境利用之间是否存在相关性是当前生态形态学领域的一个研究焦点。在实验室条件下测定分别利用开阔地面、草丛、岩石、树丛生境的 4种蜥蜴 (中国石龙子、北草蜥、山地麻蜥和变色树蜥 )的形态特征和运动能力 ,着重探讨蜥蜴运动能力与形态特征之间的相关性。 4种蜥蜴的头体长大小依次为 :中国石龙子 >变色树蜥 >北草蜥 >山地麻蜥。就相对体长而言 ,中国石龙子 >山地麻蜥和北草蜥 >变色树蜥 ,而头大小、附肢长度和尾长的种间差异趋势则相反 ;体高的种间差异为北草蜥 >中国石龙子和变色树蜥 >山地麻蜥。在平面上 ,山地麻蜥和北草蜥的速度显著大于中国石龙子和变色树蜥 ;在斜面上 ,变色树蜥和山地麻蜥的速度显著高于中国石龙子。变色树蜥斜面附着能力最强 ,中国石龙子最弱。生境利用不同的蜥蜴形态迥异 ,运动能力亦因此有显著的差异。本研究结果支持动物形态特征与其功能表现相关的观点。  相似文献   

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爬行动物鳞片的微结构是对环境的一种适应。本研究运用扫描电子显微镜观察了北草蜥(Takydromus septentrionalis)、脆蛇蜥(Dopasia harti)和王锦蛇(Elaphe carinata)头部、背部和腹部鳞片的微皮纹结构及感受器特征。结果表明,3个物种的微皮纹和感受器存在种间差异。北草蜥和王锦蛇背部及腹部微皮纹均为狭长带状,脆蛇蜥为不规则多边形。北草蜥和王锦蛇颔片上有感受器,北草蜥无。脆蛇蜥腹部微皮纹上无小齿状凸起,北草蜥和王锦蛇有,与北草蜥相比王锦蛇的小齿状凸起更宽更长。王锦蛇的眼部微皮纹为向上竖起的脊,而其他部位的鳞片为具有小齿状凸起的狭长带状结构。本研究共收集整理17科99种的背鳞微皮纹数据和8科25种的感受器数据,对微皮纹特征和感受器形态进行祖先重建发现,狭长带状背鳞微皮纹主要存在于蜥蜴科(Lacertidae)、游蛇科(Colubridae)和石龙子科(Scincidae)中,而鬛蜥科(Agamidae)、蛇蜥科(Anguidae)、蟒蛇科(Boidae)以及蝰蛇科(Viperidae)的大多为多边形;较原始的感受器形态为无感觉毛的透镜状,这一结构在有鳞目动物进化中发生多次演化。本研究发现蛇蜥的鳞片表面微结构更接近于蛇类动物。因此,有鳞类动物鳞片微皮纹特征和皮肤感受器的形态是对其所处环境多重压力的优化选择。  相似文献   

3.
草蜥属两种蜥蜴卵和幼体特征的比较研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
比较研究了南草蜥和北草蜥实验条件下的卵及幼体特征。南草蜥产卵雌体的体长、最大窝卵数、平均卵重小于北草蜥 ,相对窝卵重与北草蜥相似。两种蜥蜴均通过增加卵长径和卵短径来增加卵重 ,但卵外形明显不同 ,南草蜥的卵较长。两种蜥蜴卵孵化过程中均吸水增重。相同孵化温度 ( 2 6℃ )条件下 ,南草蜥的孵化期明显比北草蜥长。南草蜥幼体的体重、体长、头长和头宽的实测值小于北草蜥 ,尾长实测值与北草蜥无显著差异。南草蜥幼体的体重、头长和头宽的矫正平均值小于北草蜥 ,尾长矫正平均值大于北草蜥 ,体长矫正平均值与北草蜥无显著差异。  相似文献   

4.
陆宇燕  李丕鹏 《四川动物》2002,21(3):187-188
昆嵛山是山东胶东半岛最高的山脉 ,由于地理位置和气候原因 ,这里植被覆盖率较高。近几年的野外实习不断有新种 (昆嵛林蛙 )及新记录 (北草蜥 )发现。今年在昆嵛山第三林场所属的殿后县 ,约海拔 5 0 0m处采集到 4号蜥蜴标本 ,经鉴定为石龙子科滑蜥属宁波滑蜥的北方亚种 (北滑蜥 )Scincellamodestasepten trionalis。现报道如下。体型细长。头部明显宽于颈部 ,吻长小于眼耳间距 ,吻端钝圆 ,吻鳞宽大于高 ,背面可见。无上鼻鳞 ;额鼻鳞 1枚 ,呈倒元宝状 ,覆盖于吻的后部 ,前缘与吻鳞相接处较窄 ,侧缘与鼻鳞及…  相似文献   

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寿鹿  杜卫国  陆祎玮 《动物学报》2005,51(5):797-805
比较浙江温州北麂岛与洞头岛的热环境、食物可利用性以及动物体温,以辨析北草蜥岛屿种群间生活史特征差异中环境因子的作用。通过测定岛屿上北草蜥栖息地植被和环境温度,比较岛屿热环境的差异。野外测定活动蜥蜴的体温、环境温度和活动规律,实验室温梯板中测定动物喜好体温。用陷阱法测定无脊椎动物多样性和丰度,以比较岛屿蜥蜴种群的食物可利用性。岛屿植被存在差异导致热环境的差异。洞头岛植被高于北麂岛,地表层光线透入率则低于北麂岛。因而,洞头岛郁闭地表的平均温度和最高温度显著低于北麂岛,但两岛裸露地面的温度无显著差异。热环境的岛屿间差异进而影响北草蜥的野外体温。在春季,洞头岛的野外有效温度和基底温度显著大于北麂岛,而两岛北草蜥的体温无显著差异;在夏季,洞头岛的北草蜥体温、有效温度和基质温度均显著高于北麂岛;到秋季,北麂岛蜥蜴体温和环境温度高于洞头岛。地面无脊椎动物多样性和丰度的岛屿间差异表明北麂岛食物可利用性大于洞头岛。岛屿间北草蜥日活动规律和喜好体温无显著差异。本研究表明:(1)温度和食物可利用性存在岛屿间差异,岛屿种群间生活史特征差异可能与之有关;(2)两岛屿北草蜥主要采取行为调节对策来适应自然界的热环境变化,尚未发现热生理学特征的进化性漂移[动物学报51(5):797-805,2005]。  相似文献   

6.
断尾对胎生蜥蜴运动能力和选择体温的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
尾自切是蜥蜴为了降低被捕食危险而采取的一种反捕食适应策略,但断尾可导致体重减轻、热量收支平衡改变,并影响蜥蜴的运动能力和体温调节.为检验断尾对蜥蜴运动能力和选择体温的影响,于2006年5月选取黑龙江省小兴安岭地区的一个胎生蜥蜴种群进行实验.结果表明:在30 ℃和24℃两个实验温度下,断尾后胎生蜥蜴的运动能力均明显下降,表现在停顿次数增多、最大可持续距离和最大疾跑速度减少等方面;断尾、温度和性别对胎生蜥蝎运动能力的影响在一定程度上是相互独立的,断尾是影响胎生蜥蜴运动能力的主要因素;断尾对胎生蜥蝎的选择体温没有显著影响.  相似文献   

7.
正2014年6月,笔者在广西西北部喀斯特石山区的凌云县(106.661°E,24.195°N,海拔384 m)考察时采集到1号蜥蜴标本(图1),该标本(GXLK356)存放于广西壮族自治区林业勘测设计院动物标本室。经鉴定为长肢滑蜥Scincella doriae,属广西新纪录种(张玉霞,2009;周放等,2011)。长肢滑蜥隶属于有鳞目Squamata蜥蜴亚目Lacertilia石龙子科Scincidae滑蜥属Scincella  相似文献   

8.
杭州四种蜥蜴的生态研究——Ⅱ.繁殖   总被引:17,自引:3,他引:14  
本文是杭州四种蜥蜴的生态研究(王培潮,1964)之第二部分。讨论草蜥Takydromusseptentrionalis Gunther,铜石龙子Sphenomorphus indicus(Gray),石龙子 Eumeces chinensis(Grag)及蓝尾石龙子 Eumeces elegans Boulenger的繁殖状况。取材于杭州郊区诸山,以九溪、龙井、棋盘山及灵隐一带为主。取材时间是1960年3月底,1961年8月初,1963年  相似文献   

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用3个恒定温度(27、30、33℃)和波动温度(14.0~37.5℃)孵化山地麻蜥(Eremias brenchleyi)卵。结果表明,各温度处理下卵孵化成功率差异不显著,但温度对孵化期、孵出幼体表型特征及疾跑速度有显著影响;27、30℃和波动温度下孵出幼体的SVL、重量及躯干干重比33℃的要大,33℃孵出幼体的运动能力比其他3个温度处理弱。波动温度处理下山地麻蜥卵虽短期经历潜在致死的极端温度,但对孵化成功率、孵出幼体表型特征和运动表现均无负效应。  相似文献   

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通过测量头、尾、体和胃检,研究肇庆南草蜥Takydromus sexlineatus个体发育过程中两性异形和食性差异。南草蜥成体个体两性大小无显著差异,雄性头部显著大于雌性,两性头部大小异形可能是受到性选择压力的结果。雌雄个体食物生态位重叠度较高,两性生态位差异微弱,食性差异与两性头部异形无明显相关性。通过设计13种不同的环境温度,研究体温变化对南草蜥两性个体运动能力表现的影响。结果显示环境温度通过影响体温而影响南草蜥的运动表现,两性个体疾跑速均具有在低体温范围内随体温升高而加快、在高体温范围内随体温升高而降低的模式。在多数测试温度下,雄体的疾跑速均略大于雌体,但两者平均值在统计上无显著差异。体温对南草蜥的最大持续运动距离和停顿次数的影响显著,两性个体的疾跑速和最大持续运动距离呈显著正相关。雄性和雌性分别在26℃和30℃具有最佳的运动表现。  相似文献   

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Delta-like 3 (Dll3) is a divergent ligand and modulator of the Notch signaling pathway only identified so far in mammals. Null mutations of Dll3 disrupt cycling expression of Notch targets Hes1, Hes5, and Lfng, but not of Hes7. Compared with Dll1 or Notch1, the effects of Dll3 mutations are less severe for gene expression in the presomitic mesoderm, yet severe segmentation phenotypes and vertebral defects result in both human and mouse. Reasoning that Dll3 specifically disrupts key regulators of somite cycling, we carried out functional analysis to identify targets accounting for the segmental phenotype. Using microdissected embryonic tissue from somitic and presomitic mesodermal tissue, we identified new genes enriched in these tissues, including Limch1, Rhpn2, and A130022J15Rik. Surprisingly, we only identified a small number of genes disrupted by the Dll3 mutation. These include Uncx, a somite gene required for rib and vertebral patterning, and Nrarp, a regulator of Notch/Wnt signaling in zebrafish and a cycling gene in mouse. To determine the effects of Dll3 mutation on Nrarp, we characterized the cycling expression of this gene from early (8.5 dpc) to late (10.5 dpc) somitogenesis. Nrarp displays a distinct pattern of cycling phases when compared to Lfng and Axin2 (a Wnt pathway gene) at 9.5 dpc but appears to be in phase with Lfng by 10.5 dpc. Nrarp cycling appears to require Dll3 but not Lfng modulation. In Dll3 null embryos, Nrarp displayed static patterns. However, in Lfng null embryos, Nrarp appeared static at 8.5 dpc but resumed cycling expression by 9.5 and dynamic expression at 10.5 dpc stages. By contrast, in Wnt3a null embryos, Nrarp expression was completely absent in the presomitic mesoderm. Towards identifying the role of Dll3 in regulating somitogenesis, Nrarp emerges as a potentially important regulator that requires Dll3 but not Lfng for normal function.  相似文献   

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The present generic concept of Phoma is broadly defined, with nine sections being recognised based on morphological characters. Teleomorph states of Phoma have been described in the genera Didymella, Leptosphaeria, Pleospora and Mycosphaerella, indicating that Phoma anamorphs represent a polyphyletic group. In an attempt to delineate generic boundaries, representative strains of the various Phoma sections and allied coelomycetous genera were included for study. Sequence data of the 18S nrDNA (SSU) and the 28S nrDNA (LSU) regions of 18 Phoma strains included were compared with those of representative strains of 39 allied anamorph genera, including Ascochyta, Coniothyrium, Deuterophoma, Microsphaeropsis, Pleurophoma, Pyrenochaeta, and 11 teleomorph genera. The type species of the Phoma sections Phoma, Phyllostictoides, Sclerophomella, Macrospora and Peyronellaea grouped in a subclade in the Pleosporales with the type species of Ascochyta and Microsphaeropsis. The new family Didymellaceae is proposed to accommodate these Phoma sections and related anamorph genera. The present study demonstrated that Phoma radicina, the type species of Phoma sect. Paraphoma and Phoma heteromorphospora, the type species of Phoma sect. Heterospora can be assigned to the Phaeosphaeriaceae and Leptosphaeriaceae respectively.  相似文献   

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The origin of Hordelymus genome has been debated for years, and no consensus conclusion was reached. In this study, we sequenced and analyzed the RPB2 (RNA polymerase subunit II) gene from Hordelymus europaeus (L.) Harz, and its potential diploid ancestor species those were suggested in previous studies. The focus of this study was to examine the phylogenetic relationship of Hordelymus genomes with its potential donor Hordeum, Psathyrostachys, and Taeniatherum species. Two distinguishable copies of sequences were obtained from H. europaeus. The obvious difference between the two copies of sequences is a 24 bp indel (insertion/deletion). Phylogenetic analysis showed a strong affinity between Hordeum genome and Hordelymus with 85% bootstrap support. These results suggested that one genome in tetraploid H. europaeus closely related to the genome in Hordeum species. Another genome in H. europaeus is sister to the genomes in Triticeae species examined here, which corresponds well with the recently published EF-G data. No obvious relationship was found between Hordelymus and either Ta genome donor, Taeniatherum caput-medusae or Ns genome donor, Psathyrostachys juncea. Our data does not support the presence of Ta and Ns genome in H. europaeus, and further confirms that H. europaeus is allopolyploid.  相似文献   

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Hyaloscyphaceae is the largest family in Helotiales, Leotiomycetes. It is mainly characterized by minute apothecia with well-differentiated hairs, but its taxonomic delimitation and infrafamilial classification remain ambiguous. This study performed molecular phylogenetic analyses using multiple genes including the ITS-5.8S rDNA, the D1–D2 region of large subunit of rDNA, RNA polymerase II subunit 2, and the mitochondrial small subunit. The primary objective was to evaluate the phylogenetic utility of morphological characters traditionally used in the taxonomy of Hyaloscyphaceae through reassessment of the monophyly of this family and its genera. The phylogenetic analyses inferred Hyaloscyphaceae as being a heterogeneous assemblage of a diverse group of fungi and not supported as monophyletic. Among the three tribes of Hyaloscyphaceae only Lachneae formed a monophyletic lineage. The presence of hairs is rejected as a synapomorphy, since morphologically diversified hairs have originated independently during the evolution of Helotiales. The true- and false-subiculum in Arachnopezizeae are hypothesized to have evolved through different evolutionary processes; the true-subiculum is likely the product of a single evolutionary origin, while the false-subiculum is hypothesized to have originated multiple times. Since Hyaloscyphaceae sensu lato was not resolved as monophyletic, Hyaloscyphaceae sensu stricto is redefined and only applied to the genus Hyaloscypha.  相似文献   

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