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1.
人参皂苷与生态因子的相关性   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
环境条件影响中药材活性成分的形成和积累.利用各种数学统计分析方法探讨影响人参皂苷积累的生态因子,提高人参品质.人参样品采自人参道地产区(主产区)吉林、辽宁、黑龙江三省5年生栽培人参,同时采集采样点处的土壤样品.超高效液相(UPLC)色谱法分析了不同产区9种人参皂苷(Rg1、Re、Rf、Rg2、Rb1、Rc、Rb2、Rb3、Rd)的含量;利用“中药材产地适宜性分析地理信息系统”的生态因子空间数据库,获得采样区包括温度、水分、光照等10个生态因子数据;按土壤理化性质常规方法测定土壤样品中的有效硼、有效铁等微量元素和速效氮、速效钾等有效养分.对人参有效成分含量与土壤养分进行典型相关性分析发现,土壤中的有效硼、有效铁、速效氮与人参皂苷含量呈显著正相关,即适当提高土壤中有效硼、有效铁和速效氮的含量可以促进人参皂苷成分的积累,土壤水分与所测人参皂苷含量(Rb3除外)呈显著正相关,速效磷(P)、pH、速效锌(Zn)与各人参皂苷含量呈弱相关;人参皂苷与气候因子相关分析表明,温度(年活动积温、年平均气温、7月最高气温、7月平均气温、1月最低气温、1月平均气温)与人参皂苷含量呈显著负相关,其中与药典中人参含量测定项下的人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb1负相关尤为显著(r>0.6),说明在一定温度范围内,人参皂苷是随着温度的降低而升高的,即适当低温有利于人参皂苷有效成分的积累;海拔与人参皂苷Rc、Rb2、Rb3含量呈显著正相关(r>0.6),即相对较高的海拔可以促进这3种成分的积累;而年均降水量、年相对湿度和年均日照时数与人参皂苷相关不显著.通过主成分分析(PCA)、典型相关分析、排序等统计方法,考察不同产地样品中人参皂苷含量与生态因子间的相关性,研究结果揭示了温度在人参的主要活性成分-皂苷类形成中起决定性作用,在一定的温度范围内,温度越低越有利于人参皂苷的积累;阐明了土壤中的有效硼、有效铁、速效氮与人参皂苷含量成正相关.研究结果提示在人参实践生产中可以通过适当低温处理,增施硼、铁、氮肥等农艺措施来调控人参皂苷含量.  相似文献   

2.
为探究人参(Panax ginseng)皂苷含量的空间变异性及其影响因子,该研究以采自黑龙江、吉林、辽宁的28份六年生人参为研究对象,测定人参中9种单体皂苷含量,用单因素方差分析方法研究了人参皂苷含量的空间变异性。并用主成分分析、相关性分析和冗余分析法进行人参皂苷含量与气候因子、土壤因子的相关性分析。结果表明:吉林与辽宁人参的皂苷含量接近,且其含量高于黑龙江人参;影响皂苷含量的气候因子主要是降水,高温、日照时间是皂苷含量的限制因子;全氮、铁、钾、有机质、pH值、锰、磷、锌对人参化学品质的影响较大。  相似文献   

3.
西洋参冠瘿组织培养及其人参皂苷Re和人参皂苷Rg1的产生   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
考察了培养基组成、培养时间、接种量、pH值、肌醇浓度等对冠瘿组织生长及其人参皂苷含量的影响 ;用HPLC检测了冠瘿组织中人参皂苷Re和人参皂苷Rg1 的含量。高压纸层析电泳证实 ,根癌农杆菌Ti质粒上的T DNA片段已整合进入植物细胞核基因组中。在考察的 6种培养基中 ,White培养基最适合人参皂苷Rg1 的累积(0 0 95 % ) ,MS培养基最适合人参皂苷Re的累积 (0 194 % )。以MS为基本培养基培养 36d、32d时人参皂苷Re和人参皂苷Rg1 累积含量最高 (分别为 0 14 7%和 0 0 6 1% ) ;接种量为 4g、2g (FW flask) ,有利于人参皂苷Re和人参皂苷Rg1的累积 ;培养基pH 5 8时人参皂苷Re含量最高 (0 184 % ) ,培养基pH 5 6时人参皂苷Rg1 累积量最高 (0 0 5 4 % ) ;肌醇浓度为 0 0 5g L时 ,能促进人参皂苷Re合成 (0 182 % ) ,浓度为 0 30g L时 ,有利于人参皂苷Rg1 累积 (0 0 5 5 % )。  相似文献   

4.
三七叶、人参叶和西洋参叶其皂苷类成分相近,但专属性成分各异,皂苷类成分的分布比例也各不相同。本文建立了HPLC-UV法测定上述皂苷成分的方法,经过方法学考察,各种皂苷成分精密度好、加样回收率高,方法可靠。11种皂苷成分总含量顺序为:西洋参叶>人参叶>三七叶;二醇组皂苷成分含量:西洋参叶>三七叶>人参叶;三醇组皂苷成分含量:人参叶>西洋参叶>三七叶。西洋参叶中二醇组皂苷和人参叶中三醇组皂苷含量明显高于其他。西洋参叶中人参皂苷Rb3和Rd的含量之和占11种皂苷成分的60%以上。鉴于其中人参皂苷的高含量,三七叶、人参叶和西洋参叶应该作为皂苷来源得到充分利用;不同的皂苷成分有不同的药理活性,应基于它们的皂苷组成和比例选择性进行研究和开发。  相似文献   

5.
人参皂苷是人参中的主要活性成分。人参皂苷中含量较高的主要成分如Rb1、Rb2、Rc、Rd、Rg1和Re均是在人参皂苷的苷元原人参二醇(APPD)或苷元原人参三醇(APPT)上加上不同数量的葡萄糖基、阿拉伯糖基、木糖基或鼠李糖基等糖基形成的。这些主要人参皂苷脱去部分或全部的糖基的产物具有更强的生物活性及更好的人体吸收率。去除糖基的产物如Rg3、Rh2、化合物K(C-K)、F2、Rh1、Rg1、APPD、APPT在天然人参中不存在或含量极低,因此也被称为稀有人参皂苷。稀有人参皂苷可以通过糖苷酶水解主要人参皂苷获得。已报道的具备人参皂苷水解活力的糖苷酶有β-葡萄糖苷酶、α-L-阿拉伯吡喃糖苷酶、α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖苷酶、β-半乳糖苷酶及β-木糖苷酶。我们简要综述近5年来糖苷酶用于制备稀有人参皂苷的研究进展。  相似文献   

6.
建立超高效液相色谱串联三重四级杆质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定西洋参中8种人参皂苷类成分(人参皂苷Rb1、人参皂苷Rb2、人参皂苷Rb3、人参皂苷Re、人参皂苷Rc、人参皂苷Rd、人参皂苷Rg1和拟人参皂苷F11)的定量分析方法。采用Waters Acquity BEH C18柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)色谱柱,流动相为0.1%甲酸水(A)-乙腈(B),梯度洗脱,流速0.25 m L/min,柱温35℃。电喷雾电离源(ESI),采用多反应检测模式(MRM),以保留时间及定性离子对之间的相对丰度定性,以定量离子对峰面积进行定量。定量分析西洋参中8种人参皂苷类成分在考察的浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系(r0.99);回收率和RSD分别在95.65%~103.34%,0.38%~4.33%。本研究所建立的同时测定西洋参中8种皂苷类成分的UPLC-MS/MS定量分析方法简便、快捷、准确,可为综合评价西洋参的质量提供参考。  相似文献   

7.
西洋参冠瘿组织悬浮培养及其人参皂苷类成分的分离   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
对西洋参冠瘿组织悬浮培养生长特征进行了考察,并对其悬浮培养物中的人参皂苷类成分进行了提取、分离和鉴定。研究得到了培养物最大生物量收获时间[18.62 g/L(dry weight)]及其中最高人参皂苷累积时间(620.4 mg/L on the 27thday)。培养基中碳源、磷、氨基氮、硝基氮的利用率分别为91.8%, 100%, 81% 和97%。利用现代分离纯化方法从培养物中分离得到了4种人参皂苷类成分,利用理化及谱学技术分别鉴定为假人参皂苷F11(pseudoginsenoside F11,Ⅰ), 人参皂苷Rd(ginsenoside Rd,Ⅱ), 人参皂苷Rb1(ginsenoside Rb1 ,Ⅲ)和人参皂苷Rb3(ginsenoside Rb3,Ⅳ)。  相似文献   

8.
小型生物反应器内人参不定根的人参皂苷累积   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
对小型生物反应器(3~10 L)培养人参不定根的生长和人参皂苷(Rg1、Re、Rb1)的累积规律,以及蔗糖浓度、初始接种量对其生长和人参皂苷累积的影响进行研究。结果表明:小型生物反应器内人参不定根的最佳收获周期为7周。初始接种量和蔗糖浓度影响生物反应器内人参不定根的生长和人参皂苷的累积,20或40 g/L蔗糖对人参不定根的生长和人参皂苷的累积优于60 g/L蔗糖;5和10 L生物反应器内最佳初始接种量分别为15和30g,其不定根的生长量分别为9.29和19.17 g,人参皂苷含量分别为5.16和4.58 mg/g。生物反应器内培养7周的人参与栽培4年的人参相比,人参皂苷Rg1和Re含量相差不大,但栽培人参中Rb1的含量远高于生物反应器中所培养的人参不定根。  相似文献   

9.
张东方  张琴  郭杰  孙成忠  吴杰  聂祥  谢彩香 《生态学报》2017,37(15):5111-5120
研究药用植物当归在全球范围内的生态适宜区和生态特征,根据109个当归样本点和37个生态因子,利用最大信息熵模型(Max Ent)和地理信息系统(Geographic information System,GIS)对其进行全球适宜性区划。结果表明,当归生态适宜区主要集中在北纬20—50°范围内的北美洲、欧洲、亚洲和南纬15—35°范围内的南美洲和非洲,共约593.07万km~2。其中生态相似度最高的区域主要分布在中国甘肃省南部、四川省、西藏自治区东部、云南省北部、贵州省、陕西省西南部等地区,可见中国十分适合当归的种植,是当归的主产区。影响当归地理分布的主要气候因子适宜值范围分别为:最暖季降水量为300—700 mm,最冷季平均温为-3—7℃,降水的季节性数值为70—98;影响当归地理分布的主要土壤因子适宜值范围分别为:碳酸钙含量为50%—60%,粘土比重为17%—24%。研究结果为当归人工引种栽培及精细化种植管理提供参考。  相似文献   

10.
 采用层次-向量法, 从生态因子、有效成分含量、抗氧化活性3个层次, 分析了层次间关系, 研究了生态因子对普通鹿蹄草(Pyrola decorata)品质的影响, 揭示影响其有效成分含量的生态主导因子。结果表明: 不同地区普通鹿蹄草的4种有效成分含量及抗氧化活性差异显著。抗氧化活性(DPPHIC50值)与单宁、金丝桃苷、槲皮素含量呈负相关关系, 其相关系数分别为: –0.829、–0.378和–0.749, 与总黄酮含量表现为正相关(p = 0.260)。单宁含量和槲皮素含量是影响抗氧化活性的重要指标, 其含量增加时DPPHIC50值下降, 抗氧化活性增强。年平均气温、一月份平均气温、年积温、年极高气温、无霜期、土壤全氮、速效氮、速效磷和有机质是影响有效成分含量的主要因子, 其中土壤因子对有效成分含量的影响更显著。土壤因子对单宁和槲皮素含量的影响最大, 对金丝桃苷含量影响最小; 气候因子对4种有效成分含量影响较弱且对各成分的影响程度基本相同。研究结果表明, 选择合适的生境, 尤其是土壤因子可有效地提高普通鹿蹄草的品质。  相似文献   

11.
《植物生态学报》2017,41(9):995
Aims This study aimed to reveal how ginsenosides content in Panax ginseng varied spatially and the regulating roles of environmental factors.Methods Twenty eight P. ginseng samples were collected from Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning provinces, and nine kinds of ginsenosides content in P. ginseng were measured. The one-way ANOVA was used to evaluate their spatial variations. The method of UPLC was employed to determine the content of nine kinds of ginsenosides in P. ginseng. The principal component analysis (PCA), correlation analysis (CA) and redundancy analysis (RDA) were used to analyze the relationship between ginsenosides content and ecological factors (including climate and soil factors).Important findings The results showed that the content of ginsenosides in P. ginseng from Jilin and Liaoning was similar, and higher than that in Heilongjiang. Precipitation was the most important climate factor affecting the contents of ginsenosides. High temperature and strong sunshine limited the content of ginsenosides. The analysis on ginsenosides and soil factors indicated that soil nitrogen content, Fe, K, organic matter, pH value, Mn, P, Zn all had significant influences on the content of ginsenosides.  相似文献   

12.
西洋参与人参中人参皂甙含量的比较   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
采用TLC和HPLC方法分析比较西洋参(Panax quinquefolium L.)、人参(P.ginseng C.A.Mey.)及其加工品红参(red ginseng),以及不同规格的西洋参中人参皂甙的含量。结果表明,西洋参中人参皂甙总量及人参二醇型皂甙的含量明显高于人参及红参,且含有1种人参及红参中未发现的未知人参皂甙Rx,但不含人参及红参中含有的Rf;人参中人参二醇型皂甙的含量高于人参三醇  相似文献   

13.
Woo SS  Song JS  Lee JY  In DS  Chung HJ  Liu JR  Choi DW 《Phytochemistry》2004,65(20):2751-2761
To develop an experimental system for studying ginsenoside biosynthesis, we generated thousands of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) hairy roots, genetically transformed roots induced by Agrobacterium rhizogenes, and analyzed the ginsenosides in the samples. 27 putative ginsenosides were detected in ginseng hairy roots. Quantitative and qualitative variations in the seven major ginsenosides were profiled in 993 ginseng hairy root lines using LC/MS and HPLC-UV. Cluster analysis of metabolic profiling data enabled us to select hairy root lines, which varied significantly in ginsenoside production. We selected hairy root lines producing total ginsenoside contents 4-5 times higher than that of a common hairy root population, as well as lines that varied in the ratio of the protopanaxadiol to protopanaxatriol type ginsenoside. Some of the hairy root lines produce only a single ginsenoside in relatively high amounts. These metabolites represent the end product of gene expression, thus metabolic profiling can give a broad view of the biochemical status or biochemical phenotype of a hairy root line that can be directly linked to gene function.  相似文献   

14.
《Genomics》2021,113(4):2304-2316
BackgroundJilin ginseng, Panax ginseng, is a valuable medicinal herb whose ginsenosides are its major bioactive components. The ginseng oxidosqualene cyclase (PgOSC) gene family is known to play important roles in ginsenoside biosynthesis, but few members of the gene family have been functionally studied.MethodsThe PgOSC gene family has been studied by an integrated analysis of gene expression-ginsenoside content correlation, gene mutation-ginsenoside content association and gene co-expression network, followed by functional analysis through gene regulation.ResultsWe found that five of the genes in the PgOSC gene family, including two published ginsenoside biosynthesis genes and three new genes, were involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis. Not only were the expressions of these genes significantly correlated with ginsenoside contents, but also their nucleotide mutations significantly influenced ginsenoside contents. These results were further verified by regulation analysis of the genes by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in ginseng hairy roots. Four of these five PgOSC genes were mapped to the ginsenoside biosynthesis pathway. These PgOSC genes expressed differently across tissues, but relatively consistent across developmental stages. These PgOSC genes formed a single co-expression network with those published ginsenoside biosynthesis genes, further confirming their roles in ginsenoside biosynthesis. When the network varied, ginsenoside biosynthesis was significantly influenced, thus revealing the molecular mechanism of ginsenoside biosynthesis.ConclusionAt least five of the PgOSC genes, including the three newly identified and two published PgOSC genes, are involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis. These results provide gene resources and knowledge essential for enhanced research and applications of ginsenoside biosynthesis in ginseng.  相似文献   

15.
Schlag EM  McIntosh MS 《Phytochemistry》2006,67(14):1510-1519
The contents of five ginsenosides (Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc and Rd) were measured in American ginseng roots collected from 10 populations grown in Maryland. Ginsenoside contents and compositions varied significantly among populations and protopanaxatriol (Rg1 and Re) ginsenosides were inversely correlated within root samples and among populations. The most abundant ginsenoside within a root and by population was either Rg1 or Re, followed by Rb1. Ginseng populations surveyed grouped into two chemotypes based on the relative compositions of Rg1 and Re. Four populations, including the control population in which plants were grown from TN and WI seed sources, contained roots with the recognized chemotype for American ginseng of low Rg1 composition relative to Re. The remaining 6 populations possessed roots with a distinctive chemotype of high relative Rg1 to Re compositions. Chemotype did not vary by production type (wild versus cultivated) and roots within a population rarely exhibited chemotypes different from the overall population chemotype. These results provide support for recent evidence that relative Rg1 to Re ginsenoside contents in American ginseng roots vary by region and that these differences are likely influenced more by genotype than environmental factors. Because the physiological and medicinal effects of different ginsenosides differ and can even be oppositional, our findings indicate the need for fingerprinting ginseng samples for regulation and recommended usage. Also, the High Rg1/Low Re chemotype discovered in MD could potentially be used therapeutically for coronary health based on recent evidence of the positive effects of Rg1 on vascular growth.  相似文献   

16.
Yousef LF  Bernards MA 《Phytochemistry》2006,67(16):1740-1749
The role of ginseng saponins (ginsenosides) as modulators or inhibitors of disease is vague, but our earlier work supports the existence of an allelopathic relationship between ginsenosides and soilborne microbes. Interestingly, this allelopathy appears to significantly promote the growth of the important ginseng pathogen, Pythium irregulare while inhibiting that of an antagonistic non-pathogenic fungus, Trichoderma hamatum. Herein we report on the apparent selective metabolism of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol ginsenosides by an extracellular glycosidase from P. irregulare. Thus, when P. irregulare was cultured in the presence of a purified (> 90%) ginsenoside mixture, nearly all of the 20(S)-protopanaxadiol ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, and to a limited extent G-XVII) were metabolized into the minor ginsenoside F2, at least half of which appears to be internalized by the organism. No metabolism of the 20(S)-protopanaxatriol ginsenosides (Rg1 and Re) was evident. By contrast, none of the ginsenosides added to the culture medium of the non-pathogenic fungus T. hamatum were metabolized. The metabolism of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol ginsenosides by P. irregulare appears to occur through the hydrolysis of terminal monosaccharide units from disaccharides present at C-3 and/or C-20 of ginsenosides Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rd and G-XVII to yield one major product, ginsenoside F2 and one minor product (possibly G-III). A similar transformation of ginsenosides was observed using a crude protein preparation isolated from the spent medium of P. irregulare cultures.  相似文献   

17.
Although many reports have been published regarding the pharmacological effects of ginseng, little is known about the biochemical pathways operant in ginsenoside biosynthesis, or the genes involved therein. Proteomics analysis is an approach to elucidate the physiological characteristics and biosynthetic pathways of ginsenosides, main components of ginseng. In this review, we introduced the recent progress in proteomics studies of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer). We briefly reference the genomic analyses of P. ginseng, without which proteomics approaches would have been impossible. Functional genomics studies regarding secondary metabolism in P. ginseng are also introduced here, in order to introduce possible future prospects for further study.  相似文献   

18.

Key message

Interspecific hybrids between Panax ginseng and P. quinquefolius results in hybrid vigor and higher ginsenoside contents.

Abstract

Ginseng is one of the most important herbs with valued pharmaceutical effects contributing mainly by the presence of bioactive ginsenosides in the roots. However, ginseng industry is impeded largely by its biological properties, because ginseng plants are slow-growing perennial herbs with lower yield. To increase the ginseng yield and amounts of ginsenosides, we developed an effective ginseng production system using the F1 progenies obtained from the interspecific reciprocal cross between two Panax species: P. ginseng and P. quinquefolius. Although hybrid plants show reduced male fertility, F1 hybrids with the maternal origin either from P. ginseng or P. quinquefolius displayed heterosis; they had larger roots and higher contents of ginsenosides as compared with non-hybrid parental lines. Remarkably, the F1 hybrids with the maternal origin of P. quinquefolius had much higher ginsenoside contents, especially ginsenoside Re and Rb1, than those with the maternal origin of P. ginseng. Additionally, non-targeted metabolomic profiling revealed a clear increase of a large number of primary and secondary metabolites including fatty acids, amino acids and ginsenosides in hybrid plants. To effectively identify the F1 hybrids for the large-scale cultivation, we successfully developed a molecular marker detection system for discriminating F1 reciprocal hybrids. In summary, this work provided a practical system for reciprocal hybrid ginseng production, which would facilitate the ginseng production in the future.
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19.
The contents of ginsenosides in Panax ginseng not only vary in different parts of the root, but also exhibit yearly variation. In this study, an HPLC-MS method was established in order to simultaneously analyse ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg1 and Rg2. The concentration of ginsenosides in the tap root and root fibre were compared and the yearly variations of nine ginsenosides elucidated. The results indicate that the total content of ginsenosides in the main root and the root fibre both attain a maximum level in the fourth year of growth, although the amount in the former is much higher than in the latter. The variation in the content of ginsenosides during a 2-6 year period suggests that cultivated P. Ginseng can be harvested after the fourth year. The current results will provide useful information for the quality control and good agricultural practice farming of ginseng.  相似文献   

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