国产广义飞蛾藤属(旋花科)植物种子表面微形态及其分类学意义

首次报道用扫描电镜观察的国产广义飞蛾藤局10种1变种植物的种子表面微形态特征。该属种子表面微形态特征可分为两大类型,其中I类型又可细分为3个亚型。除模式种Porana volubilis Burm.f.外,广义飞蛾藤属的种子表面微形态特征较为一致。因此,种子表面微形态特征不支持将广义飞蛾藤属拆分为4属或5属。研究结果显示,种子表面微形态在作为属内种的分类鉴别特征具有一定价值,如种子表面微形态支持保留毛果飞蛾藤的变种等级。将种子表面微形态与该广义属的花粉形态,以及宏观形态学特征进行对比分析,结果表明,广义飞蛾藤属种子表面微形态在属下等级的划分上没有很大价值。此外,鉴于P.volubilis Burm.I.具特殊的种子表面微形态特征,该种与广义飞蛾藤属属内其余种的关系值得进一步深入研究。     

福建石荠苧属植物花粉和果皮微形态特征

运用立体显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对产于福建省的石荠苧属3种药用植物的花粉和果皮的微形态特征进行系统观察.观察结果表明,3种植物花粉微形态特征比较相似;果皮微形态存在较明显的种间差异,且性状较稳定.石荠苧属果实表皮微形态特征是该属分类与系统研究中不可忽视的性状.     

福建石荠Ning属植物花粉和果皮微形态特征

运用立体显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对产子福建省的石荠Ｎｉｎｇ属３种药用植物的花粉和果皮的微形态特征进行系统观察。观察结果表明,３种植物花粉微形态特征比较相似;果皮微形态存在较明显的种间差异,且性状较稳定。石荠宁属果实表皮微形态特征是该属分类与研究中不同忽视的性状。     

鸢尾属部分种种子微形态特征与系统演化关系

用HITACHI S-520型扫描电子显微镜对鸢尾属植物10个种及1变种、1外类群的种子微形态进行观察、比较分析,探讨了鸢尾属植物部分种种子微形态特征分类学意义及系统演化关系。结果表明：鸢尾属植物种子表面微形态特征具有种的稳定性,与分布区无关;同一种的种子凹、凸面微形态差异很大,同一类群比较时应选择相同部位观察。所研究的鸢尾种都为网状（网纹或负网纹）文饰,种间差异明显,微形态特征可用于鸢尾属间、属下系的等级划分,但不适于种下等级鉴别。研究给出了鸢尾属植物种子表面纹饰的系统进化关系,证明了种子表面微形态对鸢尾属植物分类及系统演化关系具有重要意义。     

变豆菜属15种植物的果实微形态特征及其分类学意义

采用扫描电镜对来自北美和东亚的变豆菜属植物(美国7个种,中国8个种)的果实表面微形态进行观察,结合前人对伞形科其他类群果实微形态特征的研究及近年来分子系统学证据,对变豆菜属的种间分类进行研究。结果显示,变豆菜属植物果实的形态大小、皮刺弯曲程度和果柄蜡质纹饰丰富多样。研究表明变豆菜属是一个自然类群,果实表面钩刺结构有利于该属植物的传播及扩散,果实微形态特征具有分类学价值,可作为种间分类的依据。根据变豆菜属果实表面微形态特征,编制了该属植物分种检索表。     

中国水鳖科植物种皮微形态特征及其系统学意义

通过扫描电镜对国产水鳖科植物(包括6属13种)的种皮微形态特征进行观察,并作了系统描述。根据种皮细胞形态、外种皮表面纹饰和内种皮内层小瘤状突起的特点将水鳖科植物的种皮微形态特征划分为3种类型,即海菜花型(海菜花属)、水鳖型(水鳖属)和苦草型(苦草属、水筛属、虾子草属和黑藻属),并作出了分属检索表。本文结果表明,种皮微形态特征可作为该科族、属以及属内种级水平分类的依据,对探讨属间关系和该科的系统发育关系亦具有重要的价值。种皮微形态特征支持Hutchinson(1959)和Eckhardt(1964)将海菜花属和水鳖属分别作为一个独立的族处理的观点。苦草属、水筛属和虾子草属种皮微形态特征的高度相似性表明它们间有密切的联系,不支持将它们置于不同亚科和族的分类处理。黑藻属虽与上述3属近缘,但其外种皮特征则较为独特,因此与水筛属放在不同族中更为合理。本文种皮微形态特征的研究结果支持iki1937)和Shaffer-Fehre(1991b)等关于水鳖科与茨藻科近缘的观点。     

大豆属Soja亚属叶表皮微形态特征的研究

采用扫描电镜对大豆属Soja亚属植物的叶表皮微形态特征进行了系统研究。结果表明：该亚属植物叶表皮微形态特征在种的水平上具有一定的分类学意义。     

十四种凤仙花属植物种皮微形态特征及其分类学意义

通过扫描电镜对凤仙花属(Impatiens)14种植物的种子表皮微形态特征进行了观察。根据种皮表面纹饰及衍生物的特点,将该属植物的种皮微形态特征划分为4种类型,即光滑型、颗粒型、网状型和隆起型,后两者又可细分为若干亚型,其中负网状亚型和网状-丘状隆起亚型为首次报导。研究表明,14种凤仙花属植物种子表皮微形态特征差异显著,它们作为属内种的分类鉴别特征具有重要价值;种子表皮的微形态学特征与其植物体的部分表型特征具有相关性,在一定程度上反映了属内类群的分化。     

福建荸荠属果皮微形态学研究

本文报道了在立体显微镜和扫描电子显微镜下对福建荸荠属8种、1变种植物果实表皮微形态特征的观察结果。根据果皮纹饰的不同,可分为两种类型:网状纹饰、拟网状纹饰;荸荠属植物果实表皮微形态特征具有丰富的多样性,表型可塑性小,不同类群之间具有明显的种间差异。观察结果表明:荸荠属果实表皮微形态特征是该属分类与系统研究中不可忽视的性状。     

苔草属复序苔草亚属植物果皮的扫描电镜观察

应用扫描电子显微镜 ,观察了 15种苔草属复序苔草亚属植物果皮的微形态特征。结果表明 ,复序苔草亚属植物果皮的微形态性状多种多样 ,可以为系统学研究提供较丰富的信息 ;并且在所观察的种类中 ,果皮的微形态特征在种内很稳定 ,种间存在不同程度的差异 ,某些近缘种也可表现出一定的相似性。因此 ,上述特征可以做为探讨种之间的分类及亲缘关系的参考。     

大豆属Soja亚属种皮微形态特征的研究

采用扫描电镜对大豆属Soja亚属植物的种皮微形态特征进行了系统研究。结果表明,该亚属植物种皮微形态特征在种的水平上具有一定的分类学意义。     

青藏高原东缘常见40种禾本科植物种子大小变异研究

采集青藏高原东缘常见禾本科植物的种子,测量并计算种子的长、宽、高、质量等9项形态学指标,将上述指标分别与海拔高度、种子质量和种子总体方差间进行相关性分析。结果表明：①种子的各表型性状均存在一定程度的变异,其中种子长/高的变异系数最高,而种子质量的变异系数最低,表明种子质量较稳定。②相关性分析表明种子的长与种子质量间有较强的相关性;海拔高度与禾本科种子表型性状之间存在一定程度的相关性,沿海拔梯度,种子长、种子宽、种子高、种子宽/种子长和种子质量逐步减小;总体方差与种子长/种子高具有较高的相关性。认为可以用种子长/高替代总体方差来衡量禾本科种子的整体形态;海拔是影响禾本科种子大小及变异的一个重要因素。     

Micro‐morphological characteristics of seed and ovary trichomes of Iranian Glaucium Mill. species (Papaveraceae) and their taxonomic importance

Seeds and trichomes of 15 taxa of the genus Glaucium distributed in Iran were examined by light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The seeds are slightly shiny to rather shiny, however, strongly shiny seeds were also observed in some species (G. corniculatum and G. grandiflorum). The basic shape of the seeds is semicircular to reniform, but reniform and elongated reniform seeds were found in G. oxylobum and G. elegans, respectively. The sculpturing of the testa surface are verrucate–rugulate (most frequent type), verrucate–granulate, verrucate–perforate, verrucate–lineolate, rugulate–granulate, rugulate and ocellate. Elongated polygonal epidermal cells dominate in most taxa investigated, but there are polygonal and irregular polygonal cells in a few taxa. The investigated species have two types of trichomes on the ovary: tuberculate and non‐tuberculate. The non‐tuberculate trichomes are of two subtypes: pilose and squamiform. Based on the number of cells, the squamiform trichomes were further divided into two groups (uniseriate and multiseriate) differing in shape, size and cellular structure. The results show that the micro‐morphological characteristics of seed and ovary trichomes provide useful and significant information for separation of species and taxa within species and a diagnostic key to the taxa is provided.     

On the similarity in the effects of different cryopreservation conditions on the growth and development of plants

The morphological characteristics of 35 wild plant species were studied after freezing of seeds under the conditions of deep, fast, and programmed freezing (-196 degrees C) and non-deep freezing (-10 degrees C). The seeds were stored frozen for a month. The seeds of all the species were characterized by a low humidity. The field and laboratory seed germination capacity, leaf growth, the quantity and length of shoots, the quantity of generative organs, and the variability of these characteristics were studied. It was shown that the direction of changes under different cooling conditions was the same except for the laboratory germination capacity of some species. The direction was determined by the species features rather than cooling conditions.     

披碱草属及其近源属植物种子胚乳细胞多样性研究

披碱草属不仅是小麦、大麦等作物的重要基因库,也是优良牧草的重要组成部分。胚乳是麦类作物种子的重要组成部分,其重量占籽粒重量在90%以上。胚乳特性是一个相对稳定的遗传性状,可以将胚乳特性作为植物分类和系统关系的一个指标。胚乳细胞特征作为植物的一类微形态特征,在麦类植物系统分类与进化研究中具有一定的价值。该研究对小麦族的6个披碱草属(Elymus)物种、2个拟鹅观草属(Pseudoroegneria)物种、1个大麦属(Hordeum)物种和2个冰草属(Agropyron)物种,共4属11份材料的胚乳细胞特征进行解剖观察并测量相关指标。结果表明:(1)不同属、种的植物种子胚乳细胞之间存在丰富的多样性,属间差异大于属内种间差异;(2)同样具有P染色体组的Agropyron cristatum和A.mongolicum与同样具有St染色体组的Pseudoroegneria libanotica和P.spicata各自在细胞形状和大小上的差异很小;(3)不同物种的胚乳细胞在大小、形状和数量上均表现出差异,但不能很好地反映属以及基因组间的差异,研究结果为揭示披碱草属植物的系统关系提供了胚乳细胞方面的证据,同时也为利用该属植物改良麦类作物品质积累资料。     

云南石林地区喀斯特山地种子休眠分类和生态关系的初步研究

种子休眠是植物自身调节后代繁殖时间节律以适应生长环境的最重要方式,喀斯特是一种特殊的植物生长环境,植物种子休眠对这种生境适应的研究缺乏.为探讨种子休眠与种子大小、散落时间之间的联系,揭示喀斯特植物在长期的适应过程中的生殖对策,对滇中喀斯特岩溶地区的19科35种植物的种子萌发和休眠类型进行了初步研究.结果表明:(1)35种植物中,休眠物种(19种,54.29％)比不休眠物种多(16种,45.71％);(2)19种休眠的物种中,15种具生理休眠,4种具物理休眠,没有形态休眠、形态-生理休眠和联合休眠的植物;(3)具物理休眠的植物种子明显大于不休眠和生理休眠的植物种子;(4)雨季初期(4～7月)散落的种子不休眠比例很高(75.00％),而雨季后期(10月)和旱季(11月至次年3月)散落的种子的休眠比例很高,分别达80.00％和61.54％;(5)68.75％的乔木休眠;灌木的休眠比例为33.33％;藤本植物休眠和不休眠的物种比例相差不大;草本植物大部分(66.67％)不休眠.     

Fruit Traits in Baboon Diet: A Comparison with Plant Species Characteristics in West Africa

Primate fruit choice among plant species has been attributed to different morphological plant and fruit characteristics. Despite a high abundance of animal-dispersed plant species in the savanna–forest mosaic of West Africa, few data are available on the interplay between morphological fruit traits and primate fruit consumers in this ecosystem. We tested whether olive baboons (Papio anubis) at Comoé National Park, north-eastern Ivory Coast, prefer fruit species with particular characteristics relative to the availability of these traits among the woody plant species at the study site. Specifically we were interested in the suites of traits that best predict fruit choice and seed handling by baboons. The baboons ate fruit/seeds from 74 identified plant species, representing 25 percent of the regional pool of woody plant species. They preferred trees to shrubs and lianas as fruit sources. Otherwise, baboons seemed to consume whatever fruit type, color, and size of fruit and seeds available, though they especially included larger fruit into their diet. Against expectations from the African bird–monkey fruit syndrome of brightly colored drupes and berries, baboons ate mostly species having large, dull-colored fruit. Fruit type and color best described whether baboons included a species into their diet, whereas fruit type and seed size best predicted whether baboons predated upon the seeds of their food plant species. As most plant species at the study site had medium-sized to large fruits and seeds, large frugivores like baboons might be particularly important for plant fitness and plant community dynamics in West African savanna–forest ecosystems.     

葡萄属种子发育的物候、萌发行为及其对冷层积的反应

以3个起源和分布中心的不同葡萄种及其杂交种作为实验材料, 观察了开花、果实和种子成熟的物候, 研究了成熟种子的基本特性和最初萌发率以及冷层积对成熟种子萌发的影响。结果表明, 葡萄种子具有休眠特性, 生理成熟时都具有分化完全的胚, 在休眠解除过程中胚的形态不发生变化; 美洲种休眠最深, 欧亚种休眠最浅, 其它种类的葡萄种子的休眠程度介于美洲种和欧亚种之间; 不同种葡萄花期、果实和种子成熟过程的物候存在差异, 果实成熟与种子成熟不同步, 其间隔时间越短, 种子休眠程度越深。冷层积60天能有效地解除东亚种、欧亚种、欧山杂种和蘡欧杂种的种子休眠, 但对解除美洲种、美洲种种间杂种和欧美杂种的种子休眠效果较差。     

极小种群浙江安息香的物候观测

浙江安息香(Styrax zhejiangensis)分布于浙江建德林场泷江林区桃花坞,是浙江省特有的极小种群野生植物。为了更好地解析该物种的濒危原因,对浙江安息香进行物候观测,了解其开花、结实和种子生物学特征等。结果表明:浙江安息香花叶同期。花器官和花粉特征与同属植物较为类似,结实率为21%~32%。种子存在形态变异,饱满度不足等现象,以及外种皮致密坚硬导致其透水性差有可能影响其萌发。温差及连续降雨虽然会加重其落花落果。因此,保护该物种需要更多了解其花果实的特性,并加以人工辅助。     

Micromorphological studies on seeds of orobanche species from the iberian peninsula and the balearic islands, and their systematic significance

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Previous research has made clear the intrinsic taxonomic difficulties in identifying species in the genus Orobanche. The aim of this study, therefore, was to investigate the systematic utility of seed characteristics. METHODS: Light and scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the seeds of 33 taxa of Orobanche from the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands. KEY RESULTS: Characters such as size, shape and ornamentation of the seeds were not found to be very useful in differentiation of taxa; however, other characters of the epidermal seed coat cells proved to be very helpful in this respect. Ornamentation of the periclinal walls could be used to discriminate four morphological types. Other features related to the anticlinal walls of the cells, such as thickness, presence/absence of a narrow trough, or relative depth, all contributed to the characterization of a large number of species. CONCLUSIONS: The usefulness of micromorphological studies on seeds of Orobanche in relation to differentiating taxa is demonstrated, and a key is provided to distinguish species or groups of species.