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1.
补施CO2对日光温室黄瓜生长的影响   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
实验以日光温室中正常生长的黄瓜为对照,研究了补施CO2对温室黄瓜光合作用,株高、茎粗、节数、植株干重及鲜重,叶绿素含量、叶面积及厚度,瓜长、瓜重及周径,总产量和抗病性的影响.结果表明与生长正常条件下黄瓜的日光合曲线相比,补施CO2的温室内黄瓜的日光合曲线有所改变,日平均光合速率提高了1.275 μmol*m-2*s-1;与对照相比,株高、茎粗、节数、植株干重、鲜重分别增加了10.7%、37.6%、27.1%、27.3%、31.4%,对植株节数和干鲜重的影响达到极显著水平;叶绿素含量、叶面积及厚度分别增加了0.48%、7.07%、24.82%,对叶面积的影响达到显著水平;黄瓜的果长、果重和平均周径分别增加了9.4%、13.1%、11.8%,对果重的影响达到显著水平;温室总体产量增加了23.96%;补施CO2也提高了黄瓜抗病性,使每百株的发病株次降低了9株次.补施CO2可以缩小黄瓜植株间差异.  相似文献   

2.
日光温室CO2浓度变化规律研究   总被引:14,自引:3,他引:11  
研究了日光温室内CO2浓度的时空变化规律。结果表明,日光温室CO2浓度日变化曲线通常呈不规则"U"形,有时呈不规则"W"形。冬春栽培过程中日最高CO2浓度逐渐减小,日最低浓度和昼平均浓度先降后升,CO2亏缺时间逐渐延长,温室内CO2空间分布特点通常是早晨和傍晚为前部>中部>后部,近地面层>作物冠层>顶层;中午前后为前部<中部<后部,近地面层>顶层>作物冠层。影响日光温室CO2浓度变化的主要环境因素是光照度,通风不能阻止温室内高浓度CO2外逸和避免CO2亏缺。幼苗期群体光合较弱、土壤呼吸旺盛,温室CO2浓度较高;结果期群体光合旺盛、土壤呼吸衰竭,CO2亏缺严重。  相似文献   

3.
利用开顶式熏气室研究了不同土壤水分条件下不同CO2 浓度对禾谷缢管蚜种群的影响 ,以期对未来大气CO2 浓度升高条件下不同降雨地区的小麦 蚜虫关系发展趋势做出初步预测 .结果表明 ,随CO2 浓度升高 ,禾谷缢管蚜种群持续增长 ,但以CO2 浓度从 35 0 μl·L-1上升到 5 5 0 μl·L-1时增长最快 ;禾谷缢管蚜种群大小与土壤水分密切相关 ,各CO2 浓度下均以 6 0 %土壤水分的最大 ;当CO2 浓度从 35 0 μl·L-1上升到 5 5 0 μl·L-1时 ,6 0 %土壤水分下的种群增长最快 ;当CO2 浓度从 5 5 0 μl·L-1上升到 70 0 μl·L-1时 ,6 0 %和 40 %土壤水分下的种群增长相近 ,且高于 80 %土壤水分下的增长 .据此可以认为 ,随大气CO2 浓度升高 ,禾谷缢管蚜种群会持续增长 ,从目前至下世纪中叶的时间内可能是蚜虫种群增长最快的阶段 ,特别在干旱、半干旱地区禾谷缢管蚜种群增长幅度较大、小麦受害较重 .  相似文献   

4.
CO2浓度倍增减轻UV-B辐射对大棚番茄的抑制作用研究   总被引:7,自引:3,他引:4  
在CO2浓度倍增(700 μmol·mol-1)条件下,以5个不同剂量的UV-B辐射对大棚番茄的光合作用及SOD、POD、CAT酶活性的影响进行了研究.结果表明CO2倍增能够明显提高番茄叶绿素含量、净光合速率和抗氧化酶活性.在CO2倍增条件下,低剂量UV-B辐射(<1.163 kJ·m-2·d-1)可以刺激番茄叶片叶绿素含量升高,抗氧化酶活性升高,与CO2的正效应有叠加现象,但对光合作用的影响不大;高剂量的UV-B(>1.163 kJ·m-2·d-1)辐射使植株的叶绿素含量、净光合速率和抗氧化酶活性降低,对植物产生胁迫作用,CO2倍增与UV-B辐射复合处理可以减弱和部分抵消这种抑制作用.  相似文献   

5.
利用微藻固定烟道气中CO2的实验研究   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
为获得能适合于烟道气条件下生长的微藻 ,找到一种高效的温室气体固定的方法 ,利用配置烟道气 (CO2 和O2 的浓度分别为 15 %和 2 %)驯化稻田微藻混合试样 ,分离出对高浓度CO2 条件有很强适应力的微藻ZY 1,并研究了在不同培养条件下微藻ZY 1的生长情况 .微藻ZY 1在CO2 浓度从 10 %~ 15 %的范围内有较高生长力 ,在CO2 浓度为 10 %时 ,生长最好 .微藻ZY 1对温度、气体流速、pH值等物理条件也有很宽的适应范围 ,在温度为 2 5~ 30 .C、流速为 0 2 5~ 0 75L·min-1、pH4~ 6范围内 ,生长基本稳定 .在培养条件为 10 %CO2 、2 5 .C、pH5 0时 ,微藻ZY 1的生长率最高 ,CO2 的固定率平均值为 0 397%.可以认为 ,利用该藻固定烟道气温室气体具有一定的可行性 .  相似文献   

6.
开放式空气CO2浓度增高条件下旱地土壤气体CO2浓度廓线测定   总被引:22,自引:3,他引:19  
设计了一套适合于FACE(free airCO2 enrichment)平台的旱地土壤气体CO2 浓度廓线测定方法 ,并将其应用于田间实验 .在江苏省无锡市郊区具有太湖地区典型水稻土的稻麦轮作农田 ,对FACE和对照麦田以及裸土 0~ 30cm土层的土壤气体CO2 浓度廓线进行了观测研究 .结果表明 ,所采用的方法满足进行旱地农田土壤气体CO2 浓度廓线研究的要求 ;在 0~ 30cm土层中 ,上层土壤气体中的CO2 向上垂直扩散要比下层土壤快 ;在作物旺盛生长期 ,大气CO2 浓度升高 2 0 0± 4 0 μmol·mol-1使 0~ 30cm土层的土壤气体CO2 浓度显著提高 14 %± 5 % (t 检验P <0 .0 0 1) .  相似文献   

7.
为了探讨CO2浓度升高下不同水稻品种荣优398 (RY)和粤杂889(YZ)吸收重金属Cd差异性的原因,利用水培试验研究了不同浓度Cd处理下两种水稻吸收Cd的差异及根形态的变化特征.结果表明:低Cd处理(5、10、20 μmol·L-1)显著增加水稻生物量;当Cd浓度高于50 μmol·L-1时,Cd胁迫效果开始显现,水稻生物量减少.CO2浓度升高显著增加了水稻的生物量,增加了YZ茎Cd含量而降低了RY茎Cd含量.在5~200 μmol·L-1的Cd浓度下,CO2浓度升高增加了YZ活性根在总根长中的比例,降低了RY活性根的比例.CO2浓度升高下不同水稻品种根形态的变化是导致其对Cd吸收差异性的原因之一.  相似文献   

8.
补增UV -B辐射的香蕉叶片光下呼吸速率 (Rd)和不包括光下呼吸的CO2 补偿点 (г ) ,分别为0 .33μmol·m- 2 ·s- 1 和 46.5μl·L- 1 ,较对照植株分别高 5.6%和 1 0 .0 %。在较高CO2 浓度 (>340 μl·L- 1 )条件下的An/θp关系最初直线部分斜率 ,即表观量子产率 (αA)为 0 .0 2 3± 0 .0 0 7,而补增UV B辐射处理的植株则降低 1 3.0 % ,光能转换效率 (δ)亦降低 2 8.6% ,表明UV B辐射明显降低αA 和δ。在高θp(1 1 0 0 μmol·m- 2 ·s- 1 )和Ci<2 0 0 μl·L- 1 条件下 ,对照植株的An/Ci关系为An =0 .0 2 8Ci 1 .44,补增UV B辐射处理的植株则为An =0 .0 2 1Ci 1 .0 1 ,UV B辐射降低羧化限制速率。最大羧化速率 (Vcmax)和电子传导速率的光饱和值 (Jmax)亦较低 ,补增UV B辐射的叶片 ,叶氮在Rubisco的分配系数 (PR)和叶氮在生物力能学组分的分配系数 (PB)分别较对照低 8.1 %和 3.0 % ,叶氮分配到类囊体膜捕光色素蛋白组分的则略见增高 ,UV B辐射降低叶氮在光合循环组分的分配  相似文献   

9.
高CO_2浓度对长白山阔叶红松林主要树种的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
组成长白山阔叶红松林的主要树种红松、云杉、落叶松、大青杨、白桦、椴树、水曲柳和色木的幼树 ,盆栽于模拟自然光照和人工调节CO2 浓度为 70 0 μl·L-1、40 0 μl·L-1的气室内两个生长季 ,以生长在 40 0 μl·L-1下的幼树为对照组 ,在各自生长条件下测定 ,高CO2 浓度下生长的红松、云杉、落叶松、大青杨、白桦、椴树、水曲柳和色木的高生长比对照组的幼树提高 10 %~ 40 % .高CO2 浓度的幼树与对照CO2 下的幼树相比各树种蒸腾速率升降不一 ,但水分利用效率均有不同程度的提高 ,不同树种的可溶性糖和叶绿素含量对高CO2 浓度反应不一 ,反映出幼树对高CO2 浓度适应的复杂性 .长期高CO2 浓度环境下生长的阔叶树对CO2 变化反应较针叶树敏感 ,供试树种均发生光合驯化现象 .  相似文献   

10.
提高CO2浓度对两种亚热带树苗生物量及叶片特性的影响   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
 广东鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林的主要优势乔木树种荷木和黧蒴幼苗生长于自然光照和人工调节CO2浓度为500±50μl·L-1或空气CO2(350μl·L-1)的气罩中3个月。高CO2浓度下生长的黧蒴和荷木植株总干物质量分别增加26.6%和16.6%,根部增加量最大,地上部分所占的比例降低,根冠比上升,基径增大而株高降低。高CO2浓度下生长的叶片密度及比叶重增加,叶肉细胞间隙体积减少。单位干重的黧蒴叶片可溶性糖含量、全碳、磷、钾含量在高CO2浓度下稍为下降,果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、全氮、镁含量及N/C比明显降低。而全钙含量无明显变化。  相似文献   

11.
Lehnherr, B. M?chler, F. and N?sberger, J. 1985. Effect of CO2concentration during growth on a CO2 concentrating mechanismin white clover as predicted from differential 14CO2/12CO2 uptake.-J. exp. Bot. 36: 1835-1841. White clover was grown at 20 and100 Pa p(CO2). The CO2 response of net photosynthesis and differentialuptake of 14CO2 and 12CO2 by leaves were measured at varioustemperatures and at various O2 and CO2 partial pressures andcompared with predictions from ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenasekinetics. Discrepancies between the observed gas exchange characteristicsfor the leaves and those predicted from the enzyme kineticswere interpreted as being due to a CO2 concentrating mechanism.Plants grown at 20 Pa p(CO2) showed a higher affinity for CO2than plants grown at 100 Pa p(CO2) when measured at 10 ?C. Nodifference in affinity was found at 30 ?C. The postulated CO2concentrating effect was greater in plants grown at low CO2than in plants grown at high CO2 concentration and occurredonly at low temperature and low CO2 partial pressure. It issuggested that plants grown at the lower CO2 partial pressurehave a higher affinity for CO2 due to a more efficient CO2 concentratingsystem than plants grown at the higher CO2 partial pressure. Key words: Photosynthesis, CO2, concentration, RuBP carboxylase/oxygenase  相似文献   

12.
13.
Cell suspensions of methanogenic bacteria (Methanosarcina barkeri, Methanospirillum hungatei, Methano-brevibacter arboriphilus, and Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum) were found to form CO from CO2 and H2 according to the reaction: CO2 + H2----CO + H2O; delta G0 = +20 kJ/mol. Up to 15,000 ppm CO in the gas phase were reached which is significantly higher than the equilibrium concentration calculated from delta G0 (95 ppm under the experimental conditions). This indicated that CO2 reduction with H2 to CO is energy-driven and indeed the cells only generated CO when forming CH4. The coupling of the two reactions was studied in more detail with acetate-grown cells of M. barkeri using methanogenic substrates. The effects of the protonophore tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCS) and of the proton-translocating ATPase inhibitor N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (cHxN)2C were determined. TCS completely inhibited CO formation from CO2 and H2 without affecting methanogenesis from CH3OH and H2. In the presence of the protonophore the proton motive force delta p and the intracellular ATP concentration were very low. (cHxN)2C, which partially inhibited methanogenesis from CH3OH and H2, had no effect on CO2 reduction to CO. In the presence of (cHxN)2C delta p was high and the intracellular ATP content was low. These findings suggest that the endergonic formation of CO from CO2 and H2 is coupled to the exergonic formation of CH4 from CH3OH and H2 via the proton motive force and not via ATP. CO formation was not stimulated by the addition of sodium ions.  相似文献   

14.
15.
16.
Fetal CO2 kinetics   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Knowledge of CO2 kinetics in the fetus is important for the design and interpretation of fetal metabolic studies that use carbon-labelled tracers. To study fetal CO2 kinetics, four fetal sheep were infused at constant rate with NaH14CO3 to simulate a constant rate of fetal 14CO2 production from the metabolism of a 14C-labelled substrate. Uterine and umbilical blood flows, and concentrations of 14CO2 and total CO2 in umbilical arterial and venous blood and in uterine arterial and venous blood were measured. During steady state, the excretion of 14CO2 via the umbilical circulation was 99.6 +/- 1.0 (SEM)% of the NaH14CO3 infusion rate. The irreversible disposal rate of CO2 molecules from the fetal CO2 pool was approximately 5 times greater than the metabolic production of CO2 by the fetus. This evidence demonstrates that measurements of fetal 14CO2 excretion via the umbilical circulation can provide an accurate measurement of fetal 14CO2 production and that the exchange rate of CO2 molecules between placenta and fetal blood is much greater than the net rate of excretion of CO2 molecules from fetus to placenta.  相似文献   

17.
The rates of photosynthetic 14CO2 fixation by Chlorella vulgarisllh, grown under high CO2, were determined between 4 to 37°Cwith air containing from 300 to 13,000 ppm 14CO2. When the CO2level was increased, both the rate of photosynthesis and theoptimum temperature for maximum photosynthesis increased. Themaximum photosynthetic rate was reached at 12°C with 300ppm l4CO2. Among the photosynthetic products fromed at 300 ppm 14CO2, glycolatedecreased greatly when the temperature was raised from 20 to30°C. At 3,000 ppm 14CO2 an insignificant amount of glycolatewas formed at all temperatures, whereas 14C-incorporation intothe insoluble fraction, sucrose, and the lipid fraction wassignificantly higher than at 300 ppm 14CO2. The 14C in sucrosewas greatly increased and the radioactivity in the insolublefraction decreased when the temperature was raised from 28 to36°C. (Received April 8, 1980; )  相似文献   

18.
19.
Studies to examine the microbial fermentation of coal gasification products (CO2, H2 and CO) to methane have been done with a mixed culture of anaerobic bacteria selected from an anaerobic sewage digestor. The specific rate of methane production at 37°C reached 25 mmol/g cell hr. The stoichiometry for methane production was 4 mmol H2/mol CO2. Cell recycle was used to increase the cell concentration from 2.5 to 8.3 g/liter; the volumetric rate of methane production ran from 1.3 to 4 liter/liter hr. The biogasification was also examined at elevated pressure (450 psi) and temperature to facilitate interfacing with a coal gasifier. At 60°C, the specific rate of methane production reached 50 mmol/g cell hr. Carbon monoxide utilization by the mixed culture of anaerobes and by a Rhodopseudomonas species was examined. Both cultures are able to carry out the shift conversion of CO and water to CO2 and hydrogen.  相似文献   

20.
The ventilatory response to CO2 (S) and respiratory exchange ratio have been measured in 10 healthy subjects breathing naturally and through added resistive loads. The changes in these values produced by the added loads were shown to be correlated with the unloaded CO2 responsiveness. The results indicated that poorly responsive individuals had a greater depression of ventilatory response to CO2 and were more liable to retain CO2.These observations raise the possibility that the constitutional CO2 responsiveness of an individual influences the alveolar ventilation achieved in the presence of airways obstruction. The propensity to develop respiratory failure may thus be conditioned by the premorbid CO2 responsiveness.  相似文献   

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