浙江和江西二叠/三叠系界线以下的软骨鱼类微体化石——华南二叠/三叠系界线上下鱼类序列研究之五

记述了浙江长兴县煤山剖面、江西修水县四都乡东岭剖面和信丰县铁石口镇铁石口剖面二叠/三叠系界线以下的软骨鱼类10个类别的微体化石,包含5科6属5种,其中有3新属5新种,它们是:刘氏煤山鲨(Meishanselache liuigen.et sp.nov.)、王氏长兴鲨(Changxingsela-che wangigen.et sp.nov.)、东岭中华尖齿鲨(Sinacrodus donglingensis gen.et sp.nov.)、修水滑齿鲨(Lissodus xiushuiensis sp.nov.)和江西多尖齿鲨(Polyacrodus jiangxiensis sp.nov.)。浙、赣两省的这批软骨鱼类微体化石显示两个特点:组成以弓鲛超科化石为主;发现于特提斯区三叠纪的鲨类与发现于中国南方晚二叠世的鲨类具有密切的亲缘关系。这是包含全球二叠/三叠系界线层型剖面和点位(GSSP)在内的全球二叠/三叠系界线以下软骨鱼类微体化石序列的首次报道。软骨鱼类是我国鱼类化石研究中最为薄弱的一个环节,本文化石的记述大大地填补了这个薄弱环节。     

中国球蛛四新种记述（蜘蛛目：球蛛科）

本文记述了我国西南部武陵山地区球蛛科蜘蛛四新种:后弯齿螯蛛Enoplognatha lordosa sp.nov.,类刺丘腹蛛Episinus spinigeroides sp.nov.,盔肥腹蛛Steatoda craniformis sp.nov.和咸丰球蛛Theridion xianfengensis sp.nov.模式标本均保存在中国科学院动物研究所。     

辽西义县组细蜂总科（昆虫纲，膜翅目）昆虫化石

描述了产自辽宁北票上园地区黄半吉沟上株罗统义县组下部细蜂总科（Proctotrupoidea)昆虫化石10属12种,其中8属12新种,这些化石分属于3科,其中Gurvanotrupes stolidus sp.nov.,Gurvanotrupes exiguus sp.nov.,Liaoserphus perarus gen.et sp.no.,alloserphus saxosus gen.et sp.nov.,Scalprogaster fossilis gen.et sp.nov.,steleoserphus beipiaoensis gen.et sp.nov.,Saucrotrupes decorosus gen.et sp.nov和Ocnoserbphous sculptus gen.et sp.nov.归入细蜂科（Serphidae=Proctotrupidae);Protocyrtus validus sp.nov.和Spherogaster cornoata gen.et sp,nov。归入柄腹细蜂科（heloridae);Liaoropronia leonina gen.et sp.nov和Liaoropronia regia gen.et sp.nov.归入窄腹细蜂科（Roproniidae),对我们中生代细蜂总科化石的研究状况作了回顾。     

秦岭东段李官桥盆地始新世哺乳动物化石新材料

李官桥盆地是始新世地层发育较全、哺乳动物化石丰富的盆地。本文报道了该盆地两个始新世化石新地点,哺乳动物共计4目7属8种。其中有5个新种,分别为Kuanchuanius? danjiangensis sp. nov.、Asiocoryphodon progressivus sp. nov.、Gobiatherium minutunz sp. nov.、Lophialetes? primus sp. nov.、Eomoropus? zhanggouensis sp. nov.。动物群的时代可能为中始新世早期。     

记山西榆社晚新生代鼠科化石新属种

本文描述了山西榆社盆地晚新生代鼠科化石中的新属种:Huaxiamys primitivus gen. et sp. nov., Huaxiamys downsi gen. et sp. nov., Micromys tedfordi sp. nov., Apodemus qiui sp. nov., Apodemus zhangwagouensis sp. nov.,     

河北蔚县中侏罗世苔藓植物

记述了河北蔚县中侏罗统乔儿涧组的8种苔藓植物化石:Hepaticites elegans sp. nov., H. hebeiensis sp. nov., H. sp., cf. H. solenotus, Riccardiopsis hsüi gen. et sp. nov., Metzgerites yuxianensis gen. et sp. nov., M. exhibens g1n. et sp. nov., Marchantiolites sulcatus sp. nov.。通过扫描电镜和显微镜对这些化石的形态特征和细胞构造的观察和研究,发现有些属种与现代苔纲的某些科属具有一定的亲缘关系;此外对本区苔藓植物化石的生态型、古地理、古气候等问题也作了初步探讨。     

中国侏罗纪Protaboilinae亚科化石新属种(直翅目,原哈格鸣螽科)

描述原哈格鸣螽科化石1新属5新种:奇异阿波鸣螽属Allaboilus gen.nov.,二叉奇异阿波鸣螽Allaboilus dicrus sp.nov.,巨大奇异阿波鸣螽Allaboilus gigantus sp.nov.,林氏原阿波鸣螽Protaboilus lini sp.nov.,野生原阿波鸣螽Protaboilus rudis sp.nov.及模糊原阿波鸣螽Protaboilus amblus sp.nov..化石标本采于内蒙古宁城中侏罗世九龙山组及河北丰宁晚侏罗世义县组.     

云南晋宁、安宁地区早寒武世蠕形动物及遗迹化石

一、概述1978—1980年间,笔者在研究昆明地区震旦-寒武系界线剖面过程中,于晋宁王家湾渔户村组中谊村段及晋宁梅树村筇竹寺组玉案山段发现保存良好的蠕形动物化石Parasabellidites wangjiawanensis sp. nov., P. sp., Sabellidites yunnanensis sp.nov., S. badaowanensis sp.nov.等。另在安宁八街东北十里铺丫口,于沧浪铺组关山段下部砂岩上层面,发现个体较大,保存完好的遗迹化石Scolicia anningensis sp.nov.,Crossopodia sp.。这些化石的发现,不仅丰富了昆明     

新疆准噶尔盆地南缘始新统安集海河组下段淡水沟鞭藻类

本文首次从新疆准噶尔盆地南缘昌吉河西岸安集海河组下段下部描述了4个沟鞭藻化石新种,分别为:Muiradinium granulatum sp. nov., M. humile sp. nov., M. incurvatum sp. nov.和M. laevigatum sp. nov.,并简述了沟鞭藻的组合特征。研究认为,当前的化石组合面貌指示一种淡水湖相沉积环境,其地层时代为始新世。     

四川、贵州、云南、广西的一些二叠纪腹足动物化石

本文共描述腹足动物化石8属9种,其中8新种,名称如下:Cylicioscapha longlingensis sp. nov., Baylea heterocarinata sp. nov., Callistadia qinglongensis sp. nov., Shwedagonia of. orientalis Yu, Peruvispira lingshuiensis sp. nov., Porcellia lingshuiensis sp. nov., P. magninodosa sp. nov., Discotomaria xingwenensis sp. nov., Anomphalus weixinensis sp. nov.. 上述腹足类化石的标本是1980年2月至1981年1月,笔者写作研究生毕业论文期间在     

THE FINE STRUCTURE AND SCALE FORMATION OF CHRYSOLEPIDOMONAS DENDROLEPIDOTA GEN. ET. SP. NOV.(CHRYSOLEPIDOMONADACEAE FAM. NOV., CHRYSOPHYCEAE)1

Chrysolepidomonas gen. nov. is described for single-celled monads with two flagella, a single chloroplast, and distinctive canistrate and dendritic scales. The type species, Chrysolepidomonas dendrolepidota sp. nov., is described for the first time. The canistrate scales bear eight “bumps” on the top surface, and the dendriticscales have a tapered base with a quatrifid tip. These organic scales are formed in the Golgi apparatus and storred in a scale reservoir. The scale reservoir is bounded on two sides by the R₁ and R₂ in microtubular roots of the basal apparatus. The cyst (=stomatocyst, statospore) forms endogenously by means of a silica deposition vesicle. The outer cyst surface is smooth, and the pore region is unornamented. Two other organisms bearing canistrate and dendritic scales, previously assigned to the genus Sphaleromants, are transferred to the genus Chrysolepidomonas. They are C.angalica sp. nov. and C. marine(Pienaar) comb. nov. The distinguishing features of Chrysolepidomonas and Sphaleromantis are discussed. A new family, Chrysolepidomonadceae fam. noc., is described for flagellates covered with organic scales.     

Multigene phylogeny of Synura (Synurophyceae) and descriptions of four new species based on morphological and DNA evidence

We used phylogenetic analyses based on multiple gene sequences (partial nr SSU and LSU rDNA, partial pt LSU rDNA, psaA and rbcL) from 148 strains (including three outgroups) and scale ultrastructure to examine phylogenetic relationships among species of the colonial genera Synura and Tessellaria. The phylogenetic tree based on the combined dataset was congruent with ultrastructural characteristics of the scales. Synura was divided into three major clades, two including species in section Synura, and one representing section Peterseniae. One clade, consisting of seven strains of S. uvella (section Synura), diverged at the base of the genus. The second clade consisted of the remaining species belonging to the section Synura. The third clade, containing organisms in the section Peterseniae and characterized by scales possessing a keel, was monophyletic with strong support values. Based on our findings, S. uvella needs to be in a separate section from other spine-bearing species, and we therefore propose new sectional ranks; Synura, Peterseniae, Curtispinae (presence of body scales with slender spines, tubular scales and caudal scales). We further propose four new species based on phylogenetic analyses and unique scale characters: S. longitubularis sp. nov., S. sungminbooi sp. nov., S. soroconopea sp. nov. and S. lanceolata sp. nov. Lastly, we propose a new genus name, Neotessella, to replace the invalid use of the name Tessellaria.     

ULTRASTRUCTURE OF PRYMNESIUM NEMAMETHECUM SP. NOV. (PRYMNESIOPHYCEAE)1

Based on material collected from Cape Town, a new sand-dwelling, marine species of Prymnesium is described. Using light and electron microscopy, Prymnesium nemamethecum sp. nov. has been found to resemble other species of the genus in size, organelle arrangement, and swimming behavior. It differs from other described species in that it has three types of scales, one of which is confined to the region of appendage insertion and forms a sheath of simple plate scales over the haptonema. In addition, the scales constituting the proximal body scale layer(s) are unusual because they are not simple plate scales but are specifically ornamented.     

Taxonomic study of the genus Niwaella (Cypriniformes:Cobitidae) from East China,with description of four new species

Four loaches,Niwaella brevipinna Chen & Chen,sp.nov.,N.fimbriata Chen & Chen,sp.nov.,N.nigrolinea Chen & Chen,sp.nov.and N.qujiangensis Chen &Chen,sp.nov.,are described based on specimens collected from Zhejiang and Anhui Provinces,East China.The mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of 28 individuals of seven species from seven locations collected from Zhejiang,Anhui and Jiangxi Provinces were amplified and analyzed.Morphological and molecular data showed that N.fimbriata Chen & Chen,sp.nov.and N.nigrolinea Chen & Chen,sp.nov.,N.brevipinna Chen& Chen,sp.nov.and N.laterimaculata (Yan & Zheng),N.qujiangensis Chen & Chen,sp.nov.and N.longibarba Chen & Chen are closely related.The seven Chinese Niwaella species,N.brevipinna Chen & Chen,sp.nov.,N.fimbriata Chen & Chen,sp.nov.,N.laterimaculata,N.longibarba,N.nigrolinea Chen & Chen,sp.nov.,N.qujiangensis Chen & Chen,sp.nov.,and N.xinjiangensis are clearly distinguished by the combination of the color patter,mental lobes,suborbital spine,caudal peduncle,body shape,and subdorsal scales.     

Three new species of Mallomonas (Chrysophyceae, Mallomonadaceae) from Lake Lanalhue, Chile

Three new species of the genus Mallomonas are described. Mallomonas rasilis sp. nov. belongs to the sect. Mallomonas , ser. Papillosae , while M. scalaris sp. nov. and M. lanalhuensis sp. nov. are members of the sect. Torquatae. They were found in Lake Lanalhue, Arauco Province, Chile. The taxonomy and distribution of these species is discussed, along with the morphology of cells, scales and bristles, based on scanning and transmission electron microscopy.     

Acrossocheilus spinifer, a new species of barred cyprinid fish from south China (Pisces: Teleostei)

Acrossocheilus spinifer sp. nov. is described from the river basins in Fujian Province and the Han Jiang basin in Guangdong Province, south China. It is one of the barred Acrossocheilus species sharing five or six vertical bars on the flanks, with each bar being two scales in width. Acrossocheilus spinifer sp. nov. is morphologically most similar to Acrossocheilus wenchowensis , but distinguished from it by: a colour pattern of all vertical bars extending ventrally to the second scale row below the lateral line, and having the second bar placed posterior to the base of the last simple dorsal‐fin ray, a blunt snout; and a stout, last simple dorsal‐fin ray. Acrossocheilus spinifer sp. nov. resembles Acrossocheilus kreyenbergii and Acrossocheilus stenotaeniatus with which it shares a stout, last simple dorsal‐fin ray with a serrated posterior edge, but is separated from both species by having a narrow median interruption in the lower lip, a lower jaw fully covered by the lower lip when viewed ventrally and the second vertical bar placed posterior to the base of the last simple dorsal‐fin ray. The absence of a longitudinal stripe extending along the lateral line on the flanks in males readily distinguishes A. spinifer sp. nov. from four other species, namely Acrossocheilus fasciatus , Acrossocheilus paradoxus, Acrossocheilus parallens , and Acrossocheilus jishouensis .     

Chrysochromulina brachycylindra sp. nov. (Prymnesiophyceae) from Finnish coastal waters

Chrysochromulina brachycylindra sp. nov. is described by means of transmission electron microscopy of shadowcast whole mounts prepared from wild material collected from Finnish coastal waters. The suhspherical cell carries plate-scales and cylinder-scales. The scales are large enough to render possible a light microscopical identification of this species from dry preparations. Based on scale morphology it is evident that C. brachycylindra is closely related to C. pachycylindra Manton, Oates & Course. In addition to the findings from the Baltic Sea the new species is also reported from the Andaman Sea, SW Thailand.     

Mallomonas nieringii sp. nov., a new species of Synurophyceae from a suite of ponds on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, U.S.A.

A new species of Mallomonas, M. nieringii sp. nov., is described from a small, poorly buffered, acidic locality on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Cells are covered with uniquely sculptured scales, each scale of which may possess a single bristle. Cell, scale and bristle morphology all indicate that this new species should be placed within the series Punctiferae of the section Punctiferae, which now has four recognized species and one variety. Scales of the apical ring are highly asymmetric in design, each with a forward projecting triangular shaped spine. Collectively, the triangular shaped extensions of the apical ring of scales surround a single emergent flagellum. Body scales resemble those of Mallomonas punctifera and M. transsylvanica in shape and general morphology, but differ in lacking distinct secondary ribbing on the shield. Mallomonas nieringii was found in six waterbodies all situated within a small geographic area on the outer tip of the Cape Cod peninsula.     

Upper Ordovician chondrichthyan‐like scales from North America

Studies of Ordovician micromeric fish scales from the Sandbian of North America have identified a number of scale‐based taxa potentially referable to the chondrichthyans and therefore can be among the stratigraphically oldest representatives of the clade described to date. Two of these, Tezakia hardingensis gen. et sp. nov. and Canyonlepis smithae gen. et sp. nov., are formally described herein. Tezakia gen. nov. scales are composed exclusively of tubular dentine and possess polyodontocomplex crowns with a characteristically large primordial odontode. Similar scale crown architecture has been reported only in the reputed chondrichthyan Altholepis composita (Lower Devonian of Podolia, Ukraine), and on these grounds, the two are united within the newly erected Altholepidiformes ordo nov. Multiple odontocomplexes are also a feature of Canyonlepis gen. nov. scale crowns; however, the latter do not demonstrate prominent primordial odontodes and are supported by a base composed of acellular bone. Additional data suggest that both taxa possess a combination of characteristics (areal crown growth, scale symmetry, linear odontocomplex architecture and absence of enamel, osteons, cancellous bone and hard‐tissue resorption) previously documented to occur only in chondrichthyan scales. This study contributes to a growing body of evidence that reveals the presence of diverse tissue types (bone, tubular and atubular dentine) and morphogenetic patterns (odontocomplex and non‐odontocomplex type of scale crown growth) in the dermal skeleton of putative Ordovician chondrichthyans.