两种入侵广州的丽蝇——宽额丽蝇与红头丽蝇

采自广州的两种丽蝇--宽额丽蝇Calliphora latifron_xs Hough,1899、红头丽蝇Clliphora uicina Robineau-Des-voidy,1830,宽额丽蝇为我国新记录种,分析认为这两种丽蝇为入侵种.     

四川省名山县蒙顶山区有瓣蝇类调查

用网捕法对四川名山蒙顶山山区有瓣蝇类进行了调查,共采集成蝇标本18873只,隶属7科19亚科62属132种,其中古北区+东洋区种占34.8%,东洋区种占29.5%,特有种占9.8%,跨多区种占25.9%.紫翠蝇Neomyia gavisa,肥躯金蝇Chysomya pinguis及反吐丽蝇Calliphora vomitoria为该山区优势种,其构成比分别为24.4%、19.8%和11.2%;毛胫厕蝇Fannia hirtitibia等13种为当地特产种.紫翠蝇Neomyia gavisa、巨尾阿丽蝇Aldrichina grahami、反吐丽蝇Calliphora vomitoria及紫绿蝇Lucilia porphyrina常年均可见成蝇出没.     

四川省名山县蒙顶山区有瓣蝇类调查

用网捕法对四川名山蒙顶山山区有瓣蝇类进行了调查,共采集成蝇标本18873只,隶属7科19亚科62属132种,其中古北区＋东洋区种占34．8％,东洋区种占29．5％,特有种占9．8％,跨多区种占25．9％。紫翠蝇Neomyia gavisa,肥躯金蝇Chysomya pinguis及反吐丽蝇Calliphora vomitoria为该山区优势种,其构成比分别为24．4％、19．8％和11．2％;毛胫厕蝇Fanma hirtitibia等13种为当地特产种。紫翠蝇Neomyia gavisa、巨尾阿丽Aldrichina grahami、反吐丽蝇Calliphora vomiwria及紫绿蝇htcilia porphyrina常年均可见成蝇出没。     

安徽省蝇类初步名录

本是作１９８９－１９９８年对安徽省蝇类调查记录和献资料的共同结果。共记录蝇科、丽蝇科、花蝇科、麻蝇科的蝇类４科、３１属、６１种和亚种及分布。附带记录粪蝇科、狂蝇科、皮蝇科、寄蝇科各１种,胃蝇科（幼虫）４种,果蝇科２种,食蚜蝇科１种。     

中国四川有瓣蝇类四新种(双翅目:厕蝇科,蝇科,丽蝇科)

记述分布于中国四川西部的有瓣蝇类中的4新种：天府枵蝇Coelomyia tianfuensis sp．nov．(厕蝇科);蜀圆蝇Mydaea shuensis sp．nov(蝇科);中华重毫蝇Dichaetomyla sinica sp．nov(蝇科);西部变丽蝇Paradichosia xibuica sp．nov(丽蝇科)。模式标本存中国科学院上海生命科学研究院,植物生理生态研究所。     

中国有瓣蝇类三新种：（双翅目：丽蝇科,蝇科）

本文报道采自中国四川的瓣蝇类丽蝇科蜗蝇属Ｍｅｌｉｎｄａ Ｒｏｂｉｎｅａｕ－Ｄｅｓｖｏｉｄｙ １新种：端钩蜗蜗Ｍｅｌｉｎｄａ ａｐｉｃｉｈａｍａｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ;蝇科移属Ｃｏｅｎｏｓｉａ Ｍｅｉｇｅｎ２新种：黑杂移蝇Ｃｏｅｎｏｓｉａ ｎｉｇｒｉｍｉｘｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,黄杂移蝇Ｃｏｅｎｏｓｉａ ｆｌａｒｉｍｉｘｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。模式标本保存于沈阳师范学院昆虫研究所。     

四川二郎山山区有瓣蝇类调查研究

1980～1990年,采集用网捕法,分类用昆虫学分类原理与方法,调查四川省二郎山山区有瓣蝇类种类及其相关情况.结果 显示,二郎山山区蝇类有307种,隶属8科25亚科93属.其中特有种有197种,占已知种的64.16%,发现二郎山新纪录种132种,占已知种的42.99%;区系成分分析表明,二郎山山区有瓣蝇类以东洋区成分为主.成蝇年周期中的密度高峰在5月和6月,优势种为紫兰优毛蝇、家蝇和反吐丽蝇;发现黄粪蝇、密胡邻种蝇和黑尾黑麻蝇幼虫可在大雪覆盖下的孳生地过冬.本研究对二郎山山区有瓣蝇类的区系组成和分布等相关特点有了初步了解;但二郎山为横断山脉一部分,地形地貌相当复杂,是最具生物多样性地区之一,尚需深入研究.     

中国四川花蝇科三新种及一新记录种(双翅目:蝇总科)

报道采自中国四川西部花蝇科(Anthomyiidae)3新种:隰蝇属的乌亮隰蝇(Hydrophoria nigrinitidaFeng,sp.nov.);壮叶隰蝇(H.robustisurstylusFeng,sp.nov.);泉蝇属的黑前足泉蝇(Pegomya nigripraepedaFeng,sp.nov.)。模式标本存在中国科学院上海生命科学研究院植物生理生态研究所。同时记录泉蝇属(PegomyaRob ineau-Desvoidy,1830)的一中国新记录种:丽足泉蝇[Pegomya pulchripes(Loew,1857)]。     

中国四川省有瓣蝇类三新种：双翅目：麻蝇总科,蝇总科

本文报道四川省有瓣蝇类３新种,小口瘦粉蝇Ｄｅｘｏｐｏｌｌｅｎｉａｐａｒｖｉｏｓｔｉａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ（丽蝇科）齿腹粪蝇Ｓｃａｔｈｏｐｈａｇａｏｄｏｎｔｏｓｔｅｒｎｉｔａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ（粪蝇科）,橙须重毫蝇Ｄｉｃｈａｅｔｏｍｙｉａｐａｌｐｉａｕｒａｎｔｉａｃａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ（蝇科）模式标本存北京军事医学科学院医学昆虫标本馆。     

中国丽蝇亚科乌丽蝇族二新种（双翅目：丽蝇科）

记述采自中国四川省丽蝇科乌丽蝇族Melanomyini中的鬃腹丽蝇属Tricy-cleopsis Villeneuve,1927和尼蚓蝇属Nepalonesia Kurahashi et Thapa,1994的2新种：毛角鬃腹丽蝇Tricycleopsis pilantenna,sp.nov;范氏尼蚓蝇Nepalonesia fanzidei,sp.nov,模式标本存中国科学院上海昆虫研究所昆虫标本馆。     

有瓣蝇类触角感受器形态与功能研究进展

有瓣蝇类隶属于昆虫纲双翅目,其物种多样性高,适应能力强,生态类型丰富,与人类关系密切,是开展昆虫适应演化研究的理想类群。触角是有瓣蝇类最重要的嗅觉感受器官,在其精准寻找食源,高效完成交配、产卵等生活史环节中都起着获取外界信息的关键作用。目前已有大量对于有瓣蝇类触角感受器的研究,但这些研究对触角感受器形态名词的使用存在诸多差异、混乱和歧义,使得不同研究间难以相互参考。本文统一了之前研究中有瓣蝇类触角上常见的各类感受结构的不同名词;并结合其它昆虫类群的相关研究,综述了各类感受器在形态和功能方面的研究进展;探讨了该领域中尚待解决的问题。     

有瓣蝇类分类、系统发育及演化

有瓣蝇类(Calyptratae)隶属于昆虫纲(Insecta)四大超适应辐射类群之一的双翅目(Diptera),占双翅目已知物种多样性的近20%。有瓣蝇类分布广泛,生物学习性极为多样,在维系生态系统稳定中发挥着重要作用,是媒介、法医、传粉和天敌昆虫学研究领域的热点类群,也是探究双翅目系统演化及其成功适应辐射的关键类群。为了还原有瓣蝇类的演化历史,许多著名昆虫学者先后对该类昆虫开展过不同层面的研究。有瓣蝇类的单系性得到了普遍支持,并被分为3个总科——虱蝇总科(Hippoboscoidea)、蝇总科(Muscoidea)和狂蝇总科(Oestroidea),其中单系的狂蝇总科与多系的蝇总科聚为一支,再与虱蝇总科成为姐妹群。在科级阶元水平,蝠蝇科(Streblidae)(虱蝇总科)、花蝇科(Anthomyiidae)(蝇总科)、丽蝇科(Calliphoridae)(狂蝇总科)、邻寄蝇科(Rhinophoridae)(狂蝇总科)等类群的单系性仍有待验证,且新的科仍在不断被建立［如粉蝇科(Polleniidae)、乌鲁鲁蝇科(Ulurumyiidae)］,因此,有瓣蝇类科级系统发育关系仍不十分明晰。已有研究对虱蝇总科虱蝇科(Hippoboscidae)、蝠蝇科、蛛蝇科(Nycteribiidae),蝇总科蝇科(Muscidae)、粪蝇科(Scathophagidae),狂蝇总科麻蝇科(Sarcophagidae)、狂蝇科(Oestridae)胃蝇亚科(Gasterophilinae)的演化历史进行研究,明确了起源与扩散、寄主转移、取食策略等关键生物学习性的演化历史。但由于部分关键类群生活史信息的缺失,以及尚未有效解决的系统发育关系,有瓣蝇类演化历史仍有许多待解之谜。本文综述了有瓣蝇类分类、系统发育及演化研究进展,是在系统学研究进入系统发育基因组学时代后对该类群相关研究进展的首次全面总结。     

中国四川二郎山地区有瓣蝇类地理垂直分布

1980~2000年调查四川二郎山地区有瓣蝇类(Calyptratae)地理垂直分布。共获成蝇7科88属264种,本文优选其中代表性蝇类30种,以分析其地理垂直分布情况。结果发现因各蝇种特有生态习性的不同而各自在不同垂直地带表现不同的虫口数量分布。     

Remarkable Rhinophoridae in a growing generic genealogy (Diptera: Calyptratae,Oestroidea)

Four new genera (Apomorphyto gen.n. from Costa Rica, Bixinia gen.n. from Australia, Rhinodonia gen.n. from New Caledonia, Rhinopeza gen.n. from Papua New Guinea) and nine new species (Apomorphyto inbio sp.n. , Bixinia collessi sp.n. , B. solitaria sp.n. , B. spei sp.n. , B. variabilis sp.n. , B. winkleri sp.n. , Rhinodonia antiqua sp.n. , R. flavicera sp.n. , Rhinopeza gracilis sp.n.) of Rhinophoridae (Diptera: Calyptratae, Oestroidea) are described. All new species were included in a morphology‐based phylogenetic analysis to provide arguments for the justification and monophyly (when nonmonotypic) of the new genera and for including these in the Rhinophoridae. The New Caledonian Rhinodonia is a candidate sister taxon to all other rhinophorids, and the Australasian ‘axiniine’ species emerge inside a clade of all Neotropical taxa thus suggesting migration from South America across Antarctica into Australia. This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:51C1F448‐DDD0‐4F14‐8173‐B8C687F7E841 .     

Sensitivity analysis, molecular systematics and natural history evolution of Scathophagidae (Diptera: Cyclorrhapha: Calyptratae)

The 60 000 described species of Cyclorrhapha are characterized by an unusual diversity in larval life‐history traits, which range from saprophagy over phytophagy to parasitism and predation. However, the direction of evolutionary change between the different modes remains unclear. Here, we use the Scathophagidae (Diptera) for reconstructing the direction of change in this relatively small family (≈ 250 spp.) whose larval habits mirror the diversity in natural history found in Cyclorrhapha. We subjected a molecular data set for 63 species (22 genera) and DNA sequences from seven genes (12S, 16S, Cytb, COI, 28S, Ef1‐alfa, Pol II) to an extensive sensitivity analysis and compare the performance of three different alignment strategies (manual, Clustal, POY). We find that the default Clustal alignment performs worst as judged by character incongruence, topological congruence and branch support. For this alignment, scoring indels as a fifth character state worsens character incongruence and topological congruence. However, manual alignment and direct optimization perform similarly well and yield near‐identical trees, although branch support is lower for the direct‐optimization trees. All three alignment techniques favor the upweighting of transversion. We furthermore confirm the independence of the concepts “node support” and “node stability” by documenting several cases of poorly supported nodes being very stable and cases of well supported nodes being unstable. We confirm the monophyly of the Scathophagidae, its two constituent subfamilies, and most genera. We demonstrate that phytophagy in the form of leaf mining is the ancestral larval feeding habit for Scathophagidae. From phytophagy, two shifts to saprophagy and one shift to predation has occurred while a second origin of predation is from a saprophagous ancestor. © The Willi Hennig Society 2006.     

中国四川有瓣蝇类三新种(双翅目:蝇总科)

记述分布于中国四川西部有瓣蝇类中的3新种：大喙鬃粪蝇(Norellia megistonycta sp.nov.)(粪蝇科);峨眉池蝇(Limnophora emeishanica sp.nov．)及山顶池蝇(Limnophora oreosoacra sp．nov．)(蝇科)。模式标本存于中国科学院上海生命科学研究院植物生理生态研究所。     

Annotated check-list of the family Tachinidae (Diptera: Calyptratae: Oestroidea) in the Canary Islands

Summary

A commented check-list of the tachinid species inhabiting the Canary Islands (Spain) is provided, with special emphasis on hosts species and floral resources. Nine new local records are provided and Cylindromyia rufipes is reported for the first time for the Canary Islands, thus increasing the species number to 52. Zoogeographic analysis of the area revealed that there are differences in chorotype composition among islands, with the easternmost islands being richer in Mediterranean species and poorer in endemics. These differences may be due to ecological differences between the easternmost island and the remaining islands. Relevance regarding influence of tachinid as pollinators is discussed.