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微孢子虫(Microspora)是一类古老的细胞内专性寄生微生物,寄主范围涉及从原生动物到哺乳动物(包括人)的广泛宿主,是许多具有经济价值的昆虫、甲壳类、鱼类、啮齿类、灵长类等动物的病原体。自1857年Nageli首次发现家蚕微粒子病病原生物Nosema bombycis后,人们对其进行了大量研究,特别是近年来,免疫缺陷患者体内微孢子虫的发现,更加引起了生物学界和医学界的广泛关注。其主要生物学特征概括如下:营细胞内专性寄生;具单细胞孢子,孢子内含1-2个核,或简或繁的挤出器,不含线粒体,原始的高尔基n体,似原核生物的核糖体。 相似文献
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何芮迪;翟立公;潘苗苗;何礼喜;尹雪斌;杨丽萍 《中国科学:生命科学》2025,(3):518-528
当前,肥胖和糖尿病患者已呈指数级增加.为缓解糖尿病患者的高血糖症状,建议通过低血糖生成指数(glycemic index, GI)饮食来控制血糖水平.本文综述了低GI食物的最新研究进展及其潜在利用价值.包括影响食物GI值的组分、加工技术、烹饪及储存方式.通过对低GI食物与消化速率的关系进行分析研究,推进功能性食品的开发. 相似文献
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1 产生 H2 O2 菌斑微生物192 3年 ,Mclead和 Gorden首先报道肺炎链球菌能产生H2 O2 ,后来学者们又相继发现 β溶血性链球菌和乳杆菌也能产生 H2 O2 [1 ]。尽管口腔菌斑细菌种类多 ,数量大 ,但目前发现能产生 H2 O2 的微生物主要局限于 α-溶血性链球菌。最后一项研究利用超细胞生物化学的方法在龈上菌斑和牙周病变部位的龈下菌斑中观察到一些产生 H2 O2 细菌 ,发现H2 O2 主要存在于细菌的胞膜和胞质中 [2 ]。由于培养条件 ,外源性糖的种类及浓度和采用检测方法不同 ,有关口腔能产生H2 O2 细菌种类的报道存在差异 ,但就产生 H2 O2 … 相似文献
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土壤微食物网结构与生态功能 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
土壤微食物网是碎屑食物网中与土壤生态过程密切相关的一部分,通过取食资源基质直接或间接地参与养分循环过程,影响陆地生态系统功能.本文从土壤微食物网的组成、结构和生态功能等方面综述了近年来土壤微食物网的研究进展.通过对土壤微食物网的能量通道及营养级联效应的介绍,阐述了土壤微食物网在碳(C)、氮(N)转化、凋落物分解和植物生长等方面的重要作用.针对目前的研究现状,提出未来土壤生态学研究应与高通量测序及稳定同位素技术相结合;通过构建模型进一步加强对土壤食物网结构和功能的研究,从而深入揭示地下生态过程及其对地上植物生长的反馈作用机理. 相似文献
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应用流式细胞检测技术测定了2014年春季南海北部海域浮游细菌和病毒丰度,研究了其水平和垂直分布特征并对其与环境因子的相关性进行了分析。结果表明,调查海区浮游细菌和病毒丰度分别介于1.28×10~4—9.96×10~5个/m L和4.69×10~5—5.39×10~7个/m L之间,二者丰度随水深的增加基本呈现逐渐下降的趋势,而水平分布趋势不明显。浮游细菌和病毒丰度与温度、p H和溶解氧显著正相关,与水深、盐度、活性磷酸盐、硅酸盐、硝酸盐和总氮则呈显著负相关关系(P0.01),说明该海域细菌和病毒数量受到上述环境因子的共同调控。分析浮游细菌和病毒的相互关系发现,VBR(Virus to bacteria ratio)平均32.23,最小值位于S11站位25m层,最大值则位于S7站位75m层,分别为4.80和264.63,VBR值小于100的站位占到调查站位总数的95.6%。VBR值除与细菌呈显著负相关关系外(P0.01),与其它环境因子相关性不明显(P0.05),说明该海区细菌是病毒的主要寄主,病毒可能主要是以噬菌体的状态存在。 相似文献
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西藏南部放射虫微体古生物研究进展 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
西藏南部的雅鲁藏布蛇绿岩带以及该带之南的沉积地层带(特提期沉积区,北喜马拉雅亚区)中广泛发育着大量含放射虫地层,放射虫研究在确定该区蛇绿岩的形成时代,解释造山带复杂的地层层序以及揭示印度板块与欧亚板块在古近纪碰撞老祖宗前的古海洋盆地的演化历史等方面发挥了重要作用。根据已发表的文献以及我们正在进行中的初步成果显示,藏南地区的含放射虫地层的时代分布之中三叠世(安尼期)至晚白垩(土仑期)。这些地层的岩性包括硅质岩,硅质泥岩,凝灰质细碎屑岩和泥晶灰岩等,尽管藏南的放射虫研究已取得一些成果,但系统的放射虫研究与地层研究仍然有待于进一步深入开展。 相似文献
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麋鹿(Elaphurus davidianus)是国家一级重点保护野生动物。自1980年麋鹿重引入项目开展以来, 麋鹿食物组成便一直是科研工作者研究的重点之一。本文总结了北京麋鹿生态实验中心、江苏大丰麋鹿国家级自然保护区和湖北石首麋鹿国家级自然保护区麋鹿采食的主要植物资源, 综述了常用动物食物组成研究方法, 包括直接观察法、利用法、胃含物分析法、粪便显微分析法、胃含物或粪便DNA分析法和稳定同位素技术, 并分析了个体因素、植物营养成分、植物可获得性和人为因素等对麋鹿食物组成的影响。对常用食物组成研究方法的比较分析表明, 不同方法在解析食物组成时反映的时间尺度和食物分辨率不同, 在麋鹿等大型濒危有蹄类动物研究中有其优势和局限性。现有的麋鹿相关研究表明, 个体因素所导致的生理差异和能量需求改变会影响麋鹿的食物组成; 植物营养成分包括粗蛋白、可溶性糖、纤维素等是影响麋鹿食物组成的重要因子; 植物可获得性和人为因素则通过改变食物多样性和丰富度进一步影响麋鹿的食物组成。今后, 建议研究者在明确研究目的和研究对象的基础上, 评估可用研究方法的优缺点, 选择适宜的样品采集和数据分析方法, 构建合理的食物组成研究方案。此外, 在今后的研究中, 应注重整合麋鹿相关研究结果, 利用多种方法相结合分析麋鹿的食物组成, 全面解析麋鹿的食物选择机制, 为深入研究重引入过程中麋鹿对生境破碎化、湿地退化、人为活动干扰等的响应提供指导, 进一步推进麋鹿种群发展和长效保护工作的开展。 相似文献
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Torbjørn Pedersen 《Ocean Development & International Law》2013,44(2):146-156
This article examines the role(s) that the member governments want the Arctic Council to have in Arctic Ocean affairs. The article identifies and examines three determining debates over the role and future of the Arctic Council: The first preceded the Arctic Council's creation in 1996, the second occurred during and as a result of the Ilulissat meeting in 2008, and the third followed the political shift in the United States in 2009. 相似文献
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James Kraska 《Ocean Development & International Law》2013,44(3):260-271
This article recounts the negotiations and emergence of Article 234 concerning ice-covered areas in the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. As Arctic shipping increases, more vessels and flag states may be subject to the provisions of Article 234, which permit coastal states to both prescribe and enforce special measures to protect the marine environment in ice-covered areas. The history of the Article 234, disclosed partially through declassified U.S. government documents, provides context for implementation of the provision by Arctic coastal states and flag states. 相似文献
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Elizabeth Riddell-Dixon 《Ocean Development & International Law》2013,44(4):368-382
AbstractSeafloor highs can be grouped into three legal categories: (i) oceanic ridges; (ii) submarine ridges; and (iii) submarine elevations. The Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf recognizes that the foot of slope serves as the qualifier to distinguish oceanic ridges from the two other categories. The Commission established a view that the sole qualifier for a submarine ridge is its morphological continuity with the continental margin. A submarine elevation needs also to share geological characteristics with the rest of the continental margin. Recent recommendations suggest that the Commission may have complicated its view in this respect. 相似文献
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Jo¨Rundur Svavarsson 《Biodiversity and Conservation》1997,6(11):1571-1579
New data on the diversity pattern of isopods (Crustacea) from the northern most part of the North Atlantic and the Arctic Oceans is presented. The pattern of diversity with depth is similar at depths <1000m, but differs considerably below about 1000m. In the Arctic the diversity of isopods (expressed both as numbers of species per sled and expected number of species) increased with increased depth to a maximum at depths of about 320 to 1100m, but then declined towards deeper waters. There was a significant increase in numbers per sled and in the expected number of species with increased depth in the northernmost part of the North Atlantic Ocean. Additionally, changes occurred in the relative composition of the shallow and deep water fauna, with asellote isopods being relatively larger part of the isopod fauna in the Arctic than in the northern most part of the North Atlantic. This indicates major faunistic changes occurring at the Greenland-Iceland-Faeroe Ridge, possibly caused by rapid changes in the temperature. Furthermore, that the low diversity of the Arctic deep-sea is a regional phenomenon, and not a part of a large scale latitudinal pattern in the North Atlantic. 相似文献
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Annika F. Heimrich William D. Halliday Héloïse Frouin-Mouy Matthew K. Pine Francis Juanes Stephen J. Insley 《Marine Mammal Science》2021,37(1):173-192
The soundscape is a crucial habitat feature for marine mammals. This study investigates the contribution of bearded seal vocalizations to the soundscape in the western Canadian Arctic, and also the vocal characteristics of bearded seals relative to sea ice conditions. Passive acoustic data were recorded near Sachs Harbour between August 2015 and July 2016. Sound pressure levels (SPL) in the 50–1,000 Hz and 1–10 kHz bands increased as the total duration of all bearded seal vocalizations increased, and this relationship was moderated by sea ice concentration. Bearded seals in this region had an overlapping vocal repertoire with bearded seals in other areas of the Arctic, and had seven additional vocalizations that have not been previously documented for this region. This study is the first detailed assessment of the influence of bearded seal calls on SPL, which shows the high potential of bearded seals to influence underwater sound levels during the mating season. Bearded seals live in a changing Arctic seascape, and their influence on the soundscape may shift as sea ice continues to diminish. It is imperative that acoustic monitoring continues within the Arctic, and this study provides a baseline for future monitoring as the Arctic continues to change. 相似文献
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Alerstam T Bäckman J Gudmundsson GA Hedenström A Henningsson SS Karlsson H Rosén M Strandberg R 《Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society》2007,274(1625):2523-2530
Studies of bird migration in the Beringia region of Alaska and eastern Siberia are of special interest for revealing the importance of bird migration between Eurasia and North America, for evaluating orientation principles used by the birds at polar latitudes and for understanding the evolutionary implications of intercontinental migratory connectivity among birds as well as their parasites. We used tracking radar placed onboard the ice-breaker Oden to register bird migratory flights from 30 July to 19 August 2005 and we encountered extensive bird migration in the whole Beringia range from latitude 64 degrees N in Bering Strait up to latitude 75 degrees N far north of Wrangel Island, with eastward flights making up 79% of all track directions.The results from Beringia were used in combination with radar studies from the Arctic Ocean north of Siberia and in the Beaufort Sea to make a reconstruction of a major Siberian-American bird migration system in a wide Arctic sector between longitudes 110 degrees E and 130 degrees W, spanning one-third of the entire circumpolar circle. This system was estimated to involve more than 2 million birds, mainly shorebirds, terns and skuas, flying across the Arctic Ocean at mean altitudes exceeding 1 km (maximum altitudes 3-5 km). Great circle orientation provided a significantly better fit with observed flight directions at 20 different sites and areas than constant geographical compass orientation. The long flights over the sea spanned 40-80 degrees of longitude, corresponding to distances and durations of 1400-2600 km and 26-48 hours, respectively. The birds continued from this eastward migration system over the Arctic Ocean into several different flyway systems at the American continents and the Pacific Ocean. Minimization of distances between tundra breeding sectors and northerly stopover sites, in combination with the Beringia glacial refugium and colonization history, seemed to be important for the evolution of this major polar bird migration system. 相似文献
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Fokje L. Schaafsma;Hauke Flores;Carmen L. David;Giulia Castellani;Serdar Sakinan;André Meijboom;Barbara Niehoff;Astrid Cornils;Nicole Hildebrandt;Katrin Schmidt;Pauline Snoeijs-Leijonmalm;Julia Ehrlich;Carin J. Ashjian; ; 《Journal of fish biology》2024,105(3):907-930
Polar cod (Boreogadus saida) is an endemic key species of the Arctic Ocean ecosystem. The ecology of this forage fish is well studied in Arctic shelf habitats where a large part of its population lives. However, knowledge about its ecology in the central Arctic Ocean (CAO), including its use of the sea-ice habitat, is hitherto very limited. To increase this knowledge, samples were collected at the under-ice surface during several expeditions to the CAO between 2012 and 2020, including the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition. The diet of immature B. saida and the taxonomic composition of their potential prey were analysed, showing that both sympagic and pelagic species were important prey items. Stomach contents included expected prey such as copepods and amphipods. Surprisingly, more rarely observed prey such as appendicularians, chaetognaths, and euphausiids were also found to be important. Comparisons of the fish stomach contents with prey distribution data suggests opportunistic feeding. However, relative prey density and catchability are important factors that determine which type of prey is ingested. Prey that ensures limited energy expenditure on hunting and feeding is often found in the stomach contents even though it is not the dominant species present in the environment. To investigate the importance of prey quality and quantity for the growth of B. saida in this area, we measured energy content of dominant prey species and used a bioenergetic model to quantify the effect of variations in diet on growth rate potential. The modeling results suggest that diet variability was largely explained by stomach fullness and, to a lesser degree, the energetic content of the prey. Our results suggest that under climate change, immature B. saida may be at least equally sensitive to a loss in the number of efficiently hunted prey than to a reduction in the prey's energy content. Consequences for the growth and survival of B. saida will not depend on prey presence alone, but also on prey catchability, digestibility, and energy content. 相似文献