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1.
采用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术对内蒙古地区亚洲小车蝗Oedaleus asiaticus(B.-bienko)9个不同地理种群90个个体进行扩增,8条随机引物扩增共产生了78条带,多态性片段为62条。对Nei′s基因多样性指数和遗传距离进行分析,结果表明:种群间的遗传分化系数为0.2343,即23.43%的遗传变异存在于种群间,种群内的遗传分化系数为0.7657,即76.57%的遗传多样性存在于种群内,群体内遗传多样性大于群体间遗传多样性。用NJ法对这3个种群的Nei′s遗传距离作聚类分析,结果表明亚洲小车蝗不同种群的遗传分化程度与地理距离具有正相关关系。  相似文献   

2.
中国桃蛀螟不同地理种群的遗传多样性   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
张颖  李菁  王振营  何康来 《昆虫学报》2010,53(9):1022-1029
本文应用ISSR分子标记技术对中国桃蛀螟Conogethes punctiferalis 11个地理种群的基因组DNA进行了遗传多样性和遗传分化分析。从34条引物中筛选出6条用于ISSR多态性分析, 共扩增出211条带, 其中209条具多态性, 总的多态性条带百分率为99.05%。11个种群的遗传距离在0.0059~0.0237之间, Nei氏基因多样性指数为0.1750, Shannon信息指数为0.2966, 遗传分化系数为0.053, 基因流高达8.8724。结果提示中国桃蛀螟地理种群因基因流水平较高而种群遗传分化水平保持较低。  相似文献   

3.
应用RAPD PCR技术研究了不同寄主和不同季节棉蚜的DNA多态性。从 2 0种随机引物中筛选出 3种引物 ,用它们的扩增结果进行Nei的遗传距离计算 ,并根据遗传距离对所研究的棉蚜种群做聚类分析。结果表明南京地区花椒上的棉蚜与其它 4种寄主上的棉蚜在DNA水平有明显的分化。聚类分析表明 ,棉蚜季节性种群可分为 3大类群 ,即春、秋季黄色型 ,春、秋季绿色型和黄色小型蚜 (伏蚜 )。而小型蚜的遗传关系与春、秋季绿色型最为接近。  相似文献   

4.
三种松毛虫不同地理种群遗传多样性   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
运用13个ISSR引物对赤松毛虫(Dendrolimus spectabilis)、油松毛虫(Dendrolimus tabulaeformis)、落叶松毛虫(Dendrolimus superans)的种群遗传分化进行分析.13 个引物共产生195条带,其中184条具多态性,总的多态位点百分率为94.36%,扩增谱带具有明显的种间多态性.Shannon 信息指数和Nei信息指数均表明落叶松毛虫群体内的遗传多样性最高,油松毛虫与赤松毛虫则相差不多.各种松毛虫的不同地理居群出现了遗传分化,由Nei指数估计的群体间的遗传分化系数分别为15.50%、32.57%和41.92%.用UPGMA法对Nei′s遗传距离作聚类分析.聚类结果表明:不同地域的油松毛虫遗传距离与地理距离呈一定程度的相关趋势.  相似文献   

5.
内蒙古典型草原羊草种群遗传分化的RAPD分析   总被引:18,自引:3,他引:15  
运用 RAPD技术对内蒙古典型草原不同生境 8个羊草种群进行分析。采用 2 4个随机引物 (10 nt)在 8个种群中共检测到2 2 4个扩增片断 ,其中多态性片断 173个 ,总的多态位点百分率达 77.2 % ,特异性片断 2 2个 ,占 9.82 % ,平均每个引物扩增的DNA带数为 9.3 3条。利用 Nei指数和 Shannon指数估算了 8个种群的遗传多样性 ,并计算种群相似系数和遗传距离 ,运用UPGMA法进行聚类分析。结果表明 :羊草大部分的遗传变异存在于种群内 ,只有少部分的遗传变异存在于种群间 ,Nei指数和Shannon指数计算结果分别为 85.4%和 66.8% ;羊草不同种群的遗传多样性存在差异 ;8个羊草种群平均遗传距离为 0 .2 3 16,变异范围为 0 .1587~ 0 .2 70 0 ,说明 8个羊草种群间的遗传变异不大 ,即 :在较小地理范围内羊草的遗传分化程度较小 ;8个种群可聚为 3个类群 ,聚类结果显示生境相似的种群能够聚在一起 ,而地理距离最近的种群不一定归为一类 ,说明小范围内羊草种群间的遗传分化与地理距离不存在相关性 ,而与其生境间的相似度相关。影响遗传相似性的不是单一因子而是各种因子的综合作用 ,较小地理范围内羊草种群间的遗传分化主要是由环境的异质性所引起的  相似文献   

6.
引进天敌莲草直胸跳甲的遗传多样性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
我国从美国引进天敌昆虫莲草直胸跳甲防治喜旱莲子草已有20多年历史.本研究采用随机引物扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)分析方法,对引入我国的4个莲草直胸跳甲地理种群(广州、重庆、昆明、福州)的遗传多样性情况进行分析,并以美国佛罗里达种群为参照,从分子水平上揭示其种群的遗传分化及其与环境之间的关系.从111条随机引物中选取13条条带清晰、重复性好的引物对5个种群的25个样本进行扩增.结果表明:总多态位点百分率为42.0%,其中美国佛罗里达种群的多态位点百分率显著高于我国的4个地理种群;25.5%遗传分化发生在4个群体间;对各地理种群间的遗传距离采用非加权配对算术平均法( UPGMA)进行聚类分析发现,遗传距离与种群空间分布距离呈正相关.  相似文献   

7.
采用随机引物扩增多态性分析方法,研究我国长江以南地理距离跨度较大的6个不同种群日本稻蝗Oxya japonica的种群遗传学关系.10条随机引物对57个日本稻蝗个体共扩增出131个片段,其中多态性位点为128个,总的多态位点百分率是97.7%.种群问的遗传分化系数表明:日本稻蝗的遗传变异大部分存在于种群内.Nei's遗传距离显示:日本稻蝗种群问的遗传距离存在较大差异,河北平山种群和云南种群遗传距离最大,为0.1715,广东广州种群和广西南宁种群遗传距离最小,为0.0770.聚类结果分析表明,地理上相距较近的种群优先相聚,遗传距离、地理距离和亲缘关系间呈现出一定的相关趋势.  相似文献   

8.
大猿叶虫四地理种群遗传多样性的RAPD分析   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
以大猿叶虫Colaphellus bowringi Baly 4个地理种群的基因组DNA为材料, 进行RAPD分析。从80条引物中筛选出11条稳定性好、多态性高的引物进行扩增, 共得到65个扩增位点, 53个多态位点, Nei氏遗传多样性指数为0.1049~0.2061, Shannon多样性指数为0.1641~0.3167。结果表明所分析的大猿叶虫遗传变异很高, 其中江西龙南种群遗传变异最小, 山东泰安种群遗传变异最高。种群间的遗传距离范围为0.0636~0.3200, 其中江西龙南种群和江西修水种群间的遗传距离最小, 哈尔滨种群与江西龙南种群间的遗传距离最大, 种群遗传距离的大小与其相对地理距离的远近吻合。结果提示种群遗传距离的大小与它们生物学上的相似性有关联。  相似文献   

9.
内蒙古中东部不同草原地带羊草种群遗传分化   总被引:10,自引:2,他引:8  
运用 RAPD技术对内蒙古不同草原地带分布的 5个羊草种群 (共 10 0个个体 )的遗传多样性进行分析。 31个随机引物(10 nt)在 5个羊草种群中共检测到 4 96个扩增片断 ,其中多态性片断 4 89个 ,总的多态位点百分率达 98.6 %。利用 Nei指数和Shannon指数估算了 5个种群的遗传多样性 ,并计算种群相似系数和遗传距离运用 UPGMA法进行聚类分析。结果表明 :无论是种群内还是种群间 ,羊草均存在较高的遗传变异 ,大部分的遗传变异存在于种群内 (Nei指数和 Shannon指数估算结果分别为 85 .4 %和 72 .5 % ) ,只有少部分的遗传变异存在于种群间 ;不同种群的遗传多样性存在差异 ,各种群的遗传多样性与其所处的地理位置具有显著的相关性 ;5个种群的平均遗传距离为 0 .5 0 95 ,变异范围为 0 .4 6 84~ 0 .5 4 76 ;聚类分析结果显示地理距离较近的种群遗传距离较小 ,首先聚在一起 ,而地理距离较远的种群遗传距离较大 ,说明羊草种群间的遗传分化与地理距离存在一定相关性 ;但地理距离最近的两个种群并未最先聚集 ,说明羊草种群间的分化还与其生境的异质性有关  相似文献   

10.
应用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术对草履蚧保定、石家庄、邯郸16个不同寄主地理种群遗传多样性和种群分化进行研究,结果显示4个RAPD引物共扩增出41个多态性位点,多态位点比率为100%。遗传距离指数在0.701—0.4360,平均为0.2395。其中以邯郸枫杨和邯郸垂丝海棠为寄主的草履蚧种群遗传距离最小(0.0701);以石家庄紫叶李和邯郸木槿为寄主的种群遗传距离最大(0.4360)。遗传一致度系数在0.6466—0.9290。说明草履蚧不同种群遗传多样性丰富并存在遗传差异。聚类分析结果表明草履蚧种群遗传多样性同时受到寄主和地理因素的双重影响,且不同寄主草履蚧种群已产生明显的遗传分化。  相似文献   

11.
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was applied on 96 clones of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae) representing seven populations collected from different host-plants and regions of Greece. Ten decamer random primers were used to evaluate genetic variation among the examined samples. Despite the variability found between clones, no specific RAPD marker was detected to discriminate the different populations. A significant finding was that aphids from peach and pepper, which were collected far away from tobacco-growing regions, especially those from peach, showed genetic divergence from the tobacco-feeding clones. Moreover, data analysis revealed a significant genetic divergence between holocyclic and anholocyclic populations from tobacco. Lastly, holocyclic clones showed higher level of estimated heterozygosity than the nonholocyclic (anholocyclic, androcyclic and intermediate) ones.  相似文献   

12.
Abstract The RAPDPCR technique was used to determine the DNA polymorphism of the aphid Aphis gossypii(Glover) collected from different host plants and in different seasons. Three primers were selected from 20 primers and used for cluster analysis based on the data of Nei's genetic distance (D). The results showed that the aphids on Chinese prickly ash differentiated obviously from the aphids on the other four host plants at DNA level. The seasonal population of cotton aphid might be clustered into three groups, i.e. the spring and autumn yellow colored aphids, the spring and autumn green colored aphids and the yellow dwarf form aphid in summer. However, the genetic relationship of dwarf form was more closely to the spring and autumn green colored aphid.  相似文献   

13.
Abstract The RAPD‐PCR technique was used to determine genetic distances among different taxa of aphids. Seven primers were selected from 20 primers and used for cluster analysis based on the data of Nei's genetic distance (D). The results showed that the genetic distances between families, subfamilies, genera, species and populations (within species) are 0.5663 ± 0.0689, 0.4586 ± 0.02142, 0.3816 ± 0.0375, 0.2975 ± 0.0627 and 0.0433 ± 0.0222, respectively. The results may be helpful in the study of aphid's population differentiation and identification of aphids, especially for closely related species at DNA level.  相似文献   

14.
Samples of the aphid Aphis gossypii (Glover) were collected from different host plants at 18 locations in southern France, La Réunion, Portugal and Laos. RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) patterns of the 480 aphids were obtained using three random primers. A large number of RAPD bands were shared by all aphids of the 18 populations, but some RAPD bands appeared to be population specific. Over all aphids, a total of 37 polymorphic bands were identified and defined 142 RAPD phenotypes. A cluster analysis based on genetic distance revealed that the 18 aphid populations were divided into two groups, depending on whether they were collected on a cucurbit host plant. An analysis of molecular variance ( AMOVA ) was also performed and confirmed the differentiation into two groups. Several RAPD bands that were obtained using random primer A11 could be considered as diagnostic loci as they were fixed in populations collected on cucurbits and were always absent in those collected on noncucurbit host plants. These results represent the first evidence for genetic structuring within the species A. gossypii , according to host-plant type.  相似文献   

15.
Abstract 1 The Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method was used to investigate genetic diversity of anholocyclic populations of the green spruce aphid, Elatobium abietinum Walker, in north‐west Europe. 2 The results showed that the aphid in this region was divided genetically into three major groups. Aphids from the British Isles and north‐west France comprised the first group, the second group consisted of aphids from Denmark and Iceland, and the third group consisted of aphids from Norway. 3 The results indicated a significant level of gene flow within and between sites and geographical regions, especially in the British Isles and north‐west France. Lateral migration of the aphid and/or sexual reproduction is likely to have facilitated the gene flow. 4 The implications of these findings on management of the green spruce aphid are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Abstract The repeat sequence primer‐PCR technique was used to determine DNA polymorphism of the aphid Aphis gossypii (Glover) collected from 8 different localites in China. Three primers were selected and used for similarity index (SI) and cluster analysis based on the data of Nei's genetic distance (D). We found that the populations in the north and northwest of China was linked before they were joined by those in southern China. A proposed explanation emphasizes the populations in the north and northwest of China were located near — 4 °C isotherm or lower in January with less than 200 frost‐free days per year, whereas populations in southern China were located near 0 °C isotherm or higher with more than 300 frost ‐ free days per year. So it may be the over‐winter host plants instead of the geographic distance or gene flow, exert pronounced influence on the geographic population differentiation of A. gossypii. Species on different over‐winter host plants may directly lead to the genetic differentiation of their summer offsprings.  相似文献   

17.
The different life cycles of aphid species make these organisms good models for studying the short‐term consequences of sex. The bird cherry‐oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi has a wide geographic distribution and correspondingly different life cycles. In this study, the life cycles of R. padi collected from six different regions in China were characterized experimentally by comparing the responses of holocyclic and anholocyclic populations to low‐temperature and short‐photoperiod induction. Clones collected from Chuzhou, Taian, and Taigu consistently reproduced via obligate parthenogenesis, whereas clones from Hami and Baicheng were holocyclic in their response, and those from Lanzhou were both holocyclic and anholocyclic. Prolonged exposure to low temperature and a short photoperiod (LS) had negative effects on the offspring of anholocyclic aphids with regard to adult lifespan, total longevity, and fecundity compared with aphids maintained at a normal temperature and a long photoperiod (NL). Holocyclic LS R. padi had longer developmental times at all nymph stages, a shorter adult lifespan, shorter total longevity, and a lower fecundity than NL counterparts. The adult prereproduction period of gynoparae was significantly longer than that of virginoparae, and the total longevity of gynoparae was significantly shorter than that of virginoparae. Moreover, the net reproductive and gross reproduction rates, as well as the total fecundity, were roughly fivefold higher in virginoparae than in gynoparae, indicating that there is the short‐term cost of sex. When maintained on their secondary host (Triticum aestivum), gynoparae, males, and oviparae produced by holocyclic populations could survive, and gynoparae produced oviparae. However, under NL conditions, oviparae could not produce overwintering eggs on the secondary host, whereas a few overwintering eggs were generated by oviparae under LS conditions. Taken together, these results illuminate the complexity of insect responses and contribute to a complete understanding of the aphid life cycle and its evolution.  相似文献   

18.
Life cycle variation of Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Greece   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
During the years 1995-1999 the life cycle category of 2797 clones of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) was examined. The clones originated from primary and secondary hosts from different localities of North and Central Greece and the island of Crete in the south. Four different overwintering life cycle strategies were found that have also been described for M. persicae and other heteroecious species previously. A geographical variation was found in the proportion of holocyclic clones from tobacco and other secondary hosts associated with the abundance of the primary host in the sampling regions. In Central Macedonia, around the main peach-growing regions, the proportion of holocyclic clones was mostly above 50% and in some cases reached 100%. In localities of East Macedonia, holocyclic clones were also frequent. On the other hand, further south or in north-eastern Greece, where peach is not common, the proportion of holocyclic clones varied between 0 and 33%. Fifty seven percent of examined anholocyclic clones produced males under short day conditions, suggesting that androcyclic clones in Greece represent an important factor of genetic variability. Intermediate clones were sampled from all host-plants but at low frequencies (3.6% of total examined clones and 6.9% of non-holocyclic ones). Moreover, a regional variation was found in different colour forms feeding on tobacco plants. Red clones were predominant in regions where aphids overwinter parthenogenetically on weeds or winter crops. However, almost all clones from the primary host were green. The ecological aspects of life cycle variation are discussed.  相似文献   

19.
重金属污染下曼陀罗种群分化的RAPD分析   总被引:12,自引:1,他引:11  
将不同空间地段上获得的同一种质但污染年代各不相同的4个曼陀罗材料种子易地种植在同一模拟重金属污染生境中,对这4个曼陀罗种群进行RAPD分析,结果表明,在105个检测位点中发现有78个位点呈多态性。在这些多态位点中未发现与重金属抗性有关的特异性多态DNA片段。S hannon-Weiner指数计算结果表明,在短期污染时间内曼陀罗种群遗传多样性水平降低。随着污染时间的推移,曼陀罗种群逐渐在污染迹地上稳定下来,曼陀罗种群遗传多样性水平有所回升和提高,4个曼陀罗种群遗传多样性由高到低排列顺序为L>CK>M>S。遗传多样性指数表明曼陀罗种群间变异程度远小于种群内的遗传变异。4个种群两两间遗传距离较小,遗传距离最大的种群为L和S,最小的为L和CK种群。因此,在重金属胁迫环境选择下,曼陀罗种群发生了一定程度的分化与微进化,轻高水平的遗传多样性可能是植物适应重金属污染胁迫环境的基础。  相似文献   

20.
While the family Adelgidae (Homoptera) is typically holocyclic and periodically host-alternating between a primary and secondary host, some anholocyclic species may persist exclusively on the primary or secondary host. In this study, we investigated the life cycle of Adelges japonicus , an anholocyclic species that utilizes either Picea jezoensis and Picea sitchensis (Pinaceae) as the primary hosts. Transfer experiments conducted in Hokkaido, the northern-most island of Japan, revealed that A. japonicus also includes holocyclic forms that can migrate to the secondary host, Larix kaempferi . The holocyclic forms differed from anholocyclic forms in the date of gall dehiscence, oviposition preference of gallicolae and development of wax gland plates of gallicola adults. However, we treated these two forms as the same species because of a lack of information on their phylogenetic relationships and genetic isolation. Sequence of generations and developmental stages of each generation in the holocyclic forms were reported. Morphology of wax gland plates of first-instar exulis was consistent with those of the subgenus Cholodkovskya , but different from those of the subgenus Adelges , to which A. japonicus has been assigned. Morphological comparison of gallicola adults suggests that the holocyclic forms were introduced to Hokkaido from central Japan.  相似文献   

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