大肠杆菌RNA聚合酶的分子研究进展

大肠杆菌是生物工程研究中最重要的外源基因表达系统,许多真核生物及病毒基因表达的早期研究都是在大肠杆菌中进行的,在外源基因表达的全过程中,依赖于DNA的RNA聚合酶在基因的转录中担负了重要的角色,随着＊＊A聚合酶各亚单位结构和功能研究的深入,人们对于RNA聚合酶的研究取得了今人瞩目的进展,本文就RNA聚合酶的分子水平研究进展作～介绍。IRNA聚合酶全酶（H010－enzyme）原核生物的依赖｝yDNA的RNA的聚合酶（以下简称ANA…一般由几种不同的亚单位组成。大肠杆菌RNAP至少含有四种不同的亚单位a、p、日’和a,一般以两…     

绞股蓝内生真菌抗大肠杆菌抗菌机制的研究

【目的】药用植物内生真菌是一种新型抗生素的微生物资源,研究绞股蓝内生真菌JY25的抗菌机制对内生真菌的研发具有重要意义。【方法】以二倍稀释法测定发酵液的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC);以MIC测定发酵液对大肠杆菌生长的抑制作用;扫描电镜观察发酵液作用下的大肠杆菌形态变化;同时,以β-半乳糖酶、碱性磷酸酶和电导率测定发酵液对细胞膜和细胞壁的损伤效果;采用考马斯亮蓝法检测发酵液对蛋白质合成的影响。【结果】JY25发酵液对大肠杆菌MIC为7 g/L、MBC为14 g/L;MIC浓度的发酵液使细菌对数生长期延迟12 h,菌体形态发生严重的畸形和破损;随着抑菌作用时间的延长,β-半乳糖酶含量增加、电导率增加,同时,实验发现大肠杆菌蛋白质合成异常,未检测到碱性磷酸酶。【结论】绞股蓝内生真菌JY25主要以破坏细菌的细胞膜及影响细菌蛋白质合成而抑制细菌生长。     

益生菌抗结肠癌作用及分子机制研究进展

益生菌是指一类通过改善肠内菌群平衡,对宿主起到有益作用的活性微生物,具有提高免疫力、抗过敏、缓解炎性肠道疾病、抗感染、抗癌等生物学功能.本文首先阐述益生菌、益生菌发酵液、其菌体成分、代谢成分抗结肠癌作用的研究进展;随后阐述其抗结肠癌的分子机制,主要包括;免疫调节和抗炎症作用,抑制细胞增殖和促进细胞凋亡,产生有益的代谢物和抑制致癌物活化酶与遗传解毒;最后介绍益生菌在临床医学研究中的应用情况,益生菌不仅可以在结肠癌发生过程中起到一定的保护作用,且能够很好的改善结肠术后患者的肠道相关症状.目前,益生菌菌体活性成分的分离及其功能研究也逐渐成为新的研究热点,这些将为更深入准确地了解益生菌的作用机制,更好的、更快的、更全面的利用益生菌及其制剂提供新的思路和途径.     

生物钟的分子机制研究进展

RecentDevelopmentsinMolecularMechanismsofBiologicalClockHouBingkai(DepartmentofBiology,ShandongUniversity,Jinan250100)YuHuimin(DepartmentofBiochemistry,ShandongEducationCollege,Jinan250013)生物的昼夜节奏表现,从单细胞生物到多细胞生物,从原校生物到真核生物都曾被描述过。由于这种现象在生物界广泛存在,关于它的特征、意义和机理的研究日益受到人们重视。其中最重要和最吸引人的方面是它的测时系统—一生物钟（biologicalclock）,也称生物振荡器（oscillators）。近年来,人们从分子水平对生物钟的研究比较活…     

记忆形成的分子机制

记忆形成的分子机制关键词记忆,分子机制在生化学家企图将“记忆”纳入自己研究轨道的历史上曾经有过一段曲折的故事。６０年代,分子生物学家希望从心理学家手中接过这个课题时提出过一个设想：记忆是可储存在ＲＮＡ或多肽这些信息大分子内并能通过注射方式从一个动物转...     

分子内分子伴侣机制的研究进展

在原核生物、真核生物及病毒中,一些蛋白质的折叠不符合Anfinsen原则,即依靠自身的氨基酸序列是不够的,还需一段被称为分子内分子伴侣(IMC)的肽段来协助折叠．根据机制不同,IMC可分为两类：第一类IMC引导成熟肽折叠为具有空间结构的蛋白质;第二类IMC协助成熟肽的多聚化而使其获得生物学功能．IMC能提供比分子伴侣更契合的结构,更有效地引导成熟肽折叠,是一种更优的折叠策略．研究IMC分子机制,不仅能够确定IMC上哪些残基的协同作用引导成熟肽折叠,而且可通过改变或修饰其侧链来改造成熟肽,拓展传统的蛋白质工程．     

遗传变异产生的分子机制

遗传变异产生的分子机制孙毅查理士·达尔文（Ｃ．ＲＤａｒｗｉｎ）在接受前人进化思想和科学成就的基础上,运用自己环球旅行中获得的丰富进化证据,进行了科学总结。他在物种形成问题上提出了三个因素：即变异、遗传和自然选择。现代达尔文主义学派基本上同意经典达尔文...     

林麝泌香的分子机制研究进展

林麝(Moschus berezovskii)是国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物,以分泌麝香而闻名。麝香是雄性林麝的香腺分泌的特殊物质。由于过度猎杀取香、栖息地破碎等原因,野生林麝的数量急剧下降至濒危。自1950年代以来,我国开展了人工养殖林麝,积累了丰富经验,取得了一定成果,但在林麝营养需要、饲料加工与饲养管理、遗传特征与选育、繁殖、泌香机理与取香等基础理论及关键技术方面研究进展不大,所以,林麝种群扩繁速度低,种群规模不大,麝香产量不高。本文综述了近年来有关林麝香腺的显微与超微结构、麝香的分泌形成过程、利用分子标记研究麝香的分泌、性激素基因与林麝麝香分泌的关系、林麝泌香相关基因组与转录组研究等方面的研究进展,以期为深入研究林麝泌香的分子机制提供参考。     

中国家蚕抗菌肽ABP-CM4在E.coli中的融合表达及活性分析

参照天然抗菌肽CM4(ABP-CM4)氨基酸序列和大肠杆菌偏爱密码子,采用rPCR法获得CM4基因后重组到表达载体pET32a上,在E.coli中融合表达。表达产物以可溶性存在,经Ni2 -NTA琼脂糖亲和层析获得融合蛋白,再经甲酸切割、亲和层析和阳离子交换层析,得到纯化的重组抗菌肽。琼脂糖扩散法和液相测定法证明了纯化的抗菌肽具有抗菌活性。     

诺卡氏菌酰胺酶基因的分子克隆及在大肠杆菌中表达的初步研究

酰胺酶是一种重要的工业酶。利用生物信息学手段,在和已知酰胺酶基因序列分析比对的基础上,首次从Ncordiasp.YS-2002中成功地克隆得到酰胺酶基因ami,并对其基因序列及氨基酸序列的性质进行了分析。结果表明,所得酰胺酶基因ami片段大小共为1446bp,由启动子区、阅读框和回文结构终止区三部分构成。序列分析和进化树分析表明,Ncordiasp.YS-2002酰胺酶是一种比较特殊的酰胺酶,不含大多数酰胺酶共同具有的保守区序列。进一步将酰胺酶基因连接到pET-28a( )上,转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中筛选获得重组菌株PEAB。酶活测定结果表明重组菌具有酰胺酶酶活,但较低,其原因可能是因为大量表达的产物主要以包涵体的形式存在。     

The expression of an R3 lipopolysaccharide-core by pathotypes of Escherichia coli

AIMS: To investigate the incidence of an R3 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-core amplicon in a range of pathotypes of Escherichia coli, including Verocytotoxin-producing E. coli (VTEC), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAggEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC). METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 100 strains of E. coli belonging to a range of pathotypes, including 41 strains of VTEC, were screened for the genes encoding the R3 LPS-core using PCR. Fifty-four per cent produced an amplicon with the R3 primer set. Of the 41 VTEC, 66% had an R3 LPS-core with a PCR product being observed with all strains belonging to serotypes O26:H11, O111ac:H- and O145:H25. However, 46% of enteroaggregative E. coli and 50% of enteropathogenic E. coli were also shown to have an R3 LPS-core structure. CONCLUSIONS: Strains with an R3 LPS-core are widely distributed within the species E. coli. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Strains of E. coli with an R3 LPS-core structure appear not to be associated with a specific pathotype.     

Regulation of colominic acid biosynthesis by temperature: role of cytidine 5'-monophosphate N-acetylneuraminic acid synthetase

Synthesis of colominic acid in Escherichia coli K-235 is strictly regulated by temperature. Evidence for the role of cytidine 5′-monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-Neu5Ac) synthetase in this regulation was obtained by measuring its level in E. coli grown at 20 and 37°C. No activity was found in E. coli grown at 20°C. CMP-Neu5Ac started to be quickly synthesized when bacteria grown at 20°C were transferred to 37°C and was halted when cells grown at 37°C were transferred to 20°C. These findings suggest that temperature regulates the synthesis of this enzyme and therefore the concentration of CMP-Neu5Ac necessary for the biosynthesis of colominic acid.     

Response dynamics of 26-, 34-, 39-, 54-, and 80-kDa proteases in induced cultures of recombinant Escherichia coli

Several researchers have demonstrated that the presence of a heterologous protein in recombinant Escherichia coli elicits a response similar to the heat-shock response, which includes enhanced protease expression. The present work detects, quantifies, and characterizes intracellular protease activity in E. coli that are "shocked" by the induction of a recombinant protein, CAT, which is an endogenous protein in some E. coli strains. A novel, sodium dodecyl sulfate gelatin poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-GPAGE) method is used to detect, quantify, and characterize the presence of these proteases. A hypothesis is proposed which links the amplified protease activity to a temporary depletion of specific amino acid pools, and a stringent-like stress response. (c) 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Effects of C-terminal Truncation of Chaperonin GroEL on the Yield of In-cage Folding of the Green Fluorescent Protein

Chaperonin GroEL from Escherichia coli consists of two heptameric rings stacked back-to-back to form a cagelike structure. It assists in the folding of substrate proteins in concert with the co-chaperonin GroES by incorporating them into its large cavity. The mechanism underlying the incorporation of substrate proteins currently remains unclear. The flexible C-terminal residues of GroEL, which are invisible in the x-ray crystal structure, have recently been suggested to play a key role in the efficient encapsulation of substrates. These C-terminal regions have also been suggested to separate the double rings of GroEL at the bottom of the cavity. To elucidate the role of the C-terminal regions of GroEL on the efficient encapsulation of substrate proteins, we herein investigated the effects of C-terminal truncation on GroE-mediated folding using the green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a substrate. We demonstrated that the yield of in-cage folding mediated by a single ring GroEL (SR1) was markedly decreased by truncation, whereas that mediated by a double ring football-shaped complex was not affected. These results suggest that the C-terminal region of GroEL functions as a barrier between rings, preventing the leakage of GFP through the bottom space of the cage. We also found that once GFP folded into its native conformation within the cavity of SR1 it never escaped even in the absence of the C-terminal tails. This suggests that GFP molecules escaped through the pore only when they adopted a denatured conformation. Therefore, the folding and escape of GFP from C-terminally truncated SR1·GroES appeared to be competing with each other.     

一种小肽的多顺反子串联表达方法

目的：构建蛇毒锯鳞蝰素(Echistatin,简写为Ecs) 多顺反子串联多拷贝基因。方法：以pMD18T-Ecs为模板,利用三对引物分别扩增Ecs基因,每个Ecs基因都有独立的起始和终止密码子,然后通过三个Ecs基因之间合适的酶切位点使之串联,再与表达载体pET30a连接后得到三拷贝重组质粒,在三个Ecs基因之间分别有SD序列和SD间隔序列。将质粒转化E.coli BL21(DE3)后IPTG诱导表达,18% SDS-PAGE和Western blot鉴定结果。结果：Ecs的表达量占全菌总蛋白的18%,实现了Ecs的串联表达。结论：Ecs多顺反子的串联表达为小分子蛋白的体外制备提供了一种全新的思路和方法。     

Proposed mechanism of inactivating Escherichia coli O157:H7 by ultra‐high pressure in combination with tert‐butylhydroquinone

Aims: Investigating mechanisms of lethality enhancement when Escherichia coli O157:H7, and selected E. coli mutants, were exposed to tert‐butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) during ultra‐high pressure (UHP) treatment. Methods and Results: Escherichia coli O157:H7 EDL‐933, and 14 E. coli K12 strains with mutations in selected genes, were treated with dimethyl sulfoxide solution of TBHQ (15–30 ppm), and processed with UHP (400 MPa, 23 ± 2°C for 5 min). Treatment of wild‐type E. coli strains with UHP alone inactivated 2·4–3·7 log CFU ml^?1, whereas presence of TBHQ increased UHP lethality by 1·1–6·2 log CFU ml^?1; TBHQ without pressure was minimally lethal (0–0·6 log reduction). Response of E. coli K12 mutants to these treatments suggests that iron–sulfur cluster‐containing proteins ([Fe–S]‐proteins), particularly those related to the sulfur mobilization (SUF system), nitrate metabolism, and intracellular redox potential, are critical to the UHP–TBHQ synergy against E. coli. Mutations in genes maintaining redox homeostasis and anaerobic metabolism were associated with UHP–TBHQ resistance. Conclusions: The redox cycling activity of cellular [Fe–S]‐proteins may oxidize TBHQ, potentially leading to the generation of bactericidal reactive oxygen species. Significance and Impact of the Study: A mechanism is proposed for the enhanced lethality of UHP by TBHQ against E. coli O157:H7. The results may benefit food processors using UHP–based preservation, and biologists interested in piezophilic micro‐organisms.     

大肠杆菌半乳糖结合凝集素的提取纯化

采用琼脂糖凝胶CL-6B（Sepharose CL-6B）亲和层析以及Sephadex G-75凝胶分子筛等对大肠杆菌（Esche-richia coli,E.coli）半乳糖凝集素进行了纯化。结果显示,目标蛋白经简单的步骤即可以得到纯化,十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）及凝血实验证明纯化蛋白为E.coli半乳糖凝集素,蛋白提取回收率为11.4%。研究首次从E.coli蛋白提取液中分离得到纯的半乳糖凝集素,且此方法简单快捷,优越性明显。应用此方法将有利于微生物半乳糖凝集素的深入研究。