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泽蛙的性腺分化及温度对性别决定的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过组织学方法观察了泽蛙(Rana limnocharis)原始生殖细胞(PGCs)的迁移、原始性腺的形成和性腺分化,并且探讨在不同的培育温度条件下性腺分化的差异。泽蛙的性腺分化有其特殊性:生殖嵴形成时,其中既有体细胞,又有原生殖细胞;无论原始性腺是分化成为精巢还是卵巢,其中都出现一个初生性腔。蝌蚪孵化后的17-34d(Gosner 26-38期)为性腺分化的敏感时期。在蝌蚪孵化后的第2d(Gosner 25期),分别用不同水温18℃±1℃、30℃±1℃、32℃±1℃、34℃±1℃培育蝌蚪,直至完成变态幼蛙(Gosner 46期)形成。自然水温23℃-25℃为对照。对照组的雌、雄性比接近1∶1(1∶1.06);18℃±1℃实验组的雌、雄比例为1.83∶1,雄性率仅35.1%(P<0.01);从30℃±1℃实验组起,雄性率提高,34℃±1℃实验组的雄性率达74.0%(P<0.01)。较高的培育温度可使泽蛙蝌蚪性别分化趋向雄性,而较低的培育温度则使蝌蚪雌性化。泽蛙的性别分化属于温度依赖型性决定(TSD)。当前全球性气候变暖对两栖类性比的稳定存在着威胁。 相似文献
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介绍了棘胸蛙的生物学特性及繁殖饲养要求,并报道其营养成分的分析结果。 相似文献
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有关棘胸蛙(Ranaspinosa)蝌蚪的饲养方法,邓春华(1987)、杨伟国(1990)分别作为扼要介绍,而对于提高蝌蚪成活率的研究尚无报道,本文将综合我们的试验方法、结果以及由此而得出的提高棘胸蛙蝌蚪成活率的方法。一、试验方法 (一)蝌蚪来源 1、野外捕捞各生长发育阶段的蝌蚪。 2、野外捕捞卵进行人工孵化获得的蝌蚪。 相似文献
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在历时三年人工驯养棘胸蛙的繁殖研究中发现,静水或水势平缓的水域内,棘胸蛙不能繁殖;营养不良、环境噪杂对棘胸蛙的繁殖行为也有很大抑制作用。促进棘胸蝗在人工驯养条件下繁殖,必须提供流水及流水直接冲击到的浅水层产卵附着物;保证繁殖亲蛙充足的营养及足够的活动空间;保持繁殖场所安静荫凉和隐蔽。 相似文献
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棘胸蛙早期胚胎发育的初步观察 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
在25.15±0.22℃恒温条件下观察了棘胸蛙的正常胚胎发育。根据外部形态特征、主要生理特征及胚胎行为的出现,将棘胸蛙的胚胎发育划分为27期,从受精卵到孵化出膜约234h.胚胎发育期间的总积温(总热量)为5887℃。卵的受精期1.5h。卵裂期历时29h33min,原肠形成期历时16h42min,器官形成期共历时186h86min。 相似文献
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全面认识棘胸蛙的生态习性,如生境、食性、繁殖、越冬和天敌等内容,有助于创造适宜的养殖环境和采取有效的管理措施。人工养殖棘胸蛙获得成功的关键是要做好三方面工作:1.确定养殖方式和建设饲料基地;2.提高蝌蚪及幼蛙的成活率,加快生长发育速度;3.促进成蛙在人工环境中繁殖和提高蛙卵孵化率。 相似文献
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为探讨棘胸蛙(Quasipaa spinosa)这一溪源性两栖类对环境温度极端变化做出的生理响应与适应机制,测定了该物种在反复遭受急性冷暴露(4℃,12 h)过程中其非特异性免疫反应、氧化还原状态以及热休克蛋白70(Hsp70)mRNA表达的变化,结果发现:棘胸蛙在初次冷暴露过程中外周血细胞吞噬活性(第4小时和第12小时;P0.05)、脾巨噬细胞呼吸爆发强度(第4小时和第12小时;P0.05)以及胃溶菌酶活力受到显著抑制(第12小时;P0.05);当蛙返回到22℃环境12 h后3种免疫指标均恢复到初始和对照组水平(P0.05)。经过连续7 d冷暴露后,除溶菌酶外,血细胞吞噬活性和脾巨噬细胞呼吸爆发强度均能恢复到初始和对照组水平(P0.05)。另外,冷暴露增加了肝脏和肾脏内丙二醛(MDA)的含量,但肾脏内MDA含量升高的幅度要明显大于肝脏;肝脏SOD活力和GSH含量也表现出急性和适应性升高,而肾脏仅SOD活力有所升高,暗示在低温胁迫状态下棘胸蛙肝脏氧自由基清除能力要强于肾脏。HSP70作为应激保护蛋白,当机体遭受冷暴露后肝脏Hsp70 mRNA表达量始终未呈现出应激性升高,反而受到显著抑制(P0.05)。综上所述,棘胸蛙在经历多次急性冷胁迫后体内部分非特异性免疫功能以及肝脏氧化防御系统可以产生不同程度的适应性改变。 相似文献
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通过组织形态学鉴定、羊水和血液中性激素测定等手段,对惠东港口海龟保护区不同恒温下孵化的绿海龟(Chelonia mydas)进行研究,寻求绿海龟稚龟性别鉴定的最佳方法。结果显示,(1)组织形态学,绿海龟性腺切片分皮层和髓质两部分,卵巢的皮层较厚、基质中有大小不一的未成熟卵细胞,髓质中空腔较少;睾丸的皮层较薄,髓质中空腔较多,呈现出显著的被基质包围的髓质索。(2)性激素测定,当雌二醇与睾酮含量之比E2∶T1.5时,孵出的稚龟为雄性(♂);当E2∶T1.5时,为雌性(♀)。(3)绿海龟性别决定的临界温度在29.4~29.5℃之间,此时孵出稚龟的性比约为1∶1。本文还讨论了各种不同性别鉴定方法的优劣和时期选择。 相似文献
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Javier Guitián Pablo Guitián José María Sánchez 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》1993,185(3-4):153-165
We studied the reproductive biology ofPrunus spinosa andPrunus mahaleb (Prunoideae, Rosaceae) in the northwest Iberian Peninsula. The two species flowered at the same time (peaking on March 9 and 11, respectively in 1990) but differ significantly in their fruit maturation times. Nectar volume peaked in the early morning in both species, and was ten times greater inP. spinosa than inP. mahaleb. Neither species shows apomixis, nor does fruit-set occur if pollinators are excluded. In both species self-pollination resulted in fewer fruits than open pollination. The principal pollinators belong to theApidae family (79% and 63% of visits toP. spinosa andP. mahaleb, respectively). Results are compared with those for other rosaceous plants with fleshy fruits. 相似文献
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Summary We have analysed the importance of worker ants (Proformica longiseta, Formicidae) as pollinators of a mass-flowering woody plant (Hormathophylla spinosa, Cruciferae) in the high-mountain area of the Sierra Nevada (southern Spain). We have quantified the abundance and foraging behavior of P. longiseta in comparison with winged flower visitors. We have also examined, by means of selective exclusion experiments, the role of ants as true pollinators, comparing them with the winged flower visitors. A total of 39 species belonging to 18 families visited the flowers of H. spinosa. All the visitors were winged insects, except P. longiseta, a species which alone made up more than 80% of the total number of insects found on the flowers. All pollinators of H. spinosa had similar foraging patterns, with 98% of total movements made between flowers within the same plant. Ants always made contact with the plant reproductive organs when foraging for nectar, and transferred large numbers of pollen grains. However, pollen exposed to ants for brief periods exhibited reduced percentage of germination. P. longiseta is both the most abundant and spatio-temporally predictable flower visitor of H. spinosa. These characteristics, weighted by their flower visitation rate, make worker ants the pollinator that maintains the strongest mutualistic interaction with H. spinosa. The exclusion experiments show that workers behave as true pollinators, since they contribute to increase the number of viable seeds produced by H. spinosa. The key factor of this interaction is mainly the great density of workers throughout the flowering period. In short, the H. spinosa-P. longiseta mutualistic interaction mainly depends on its high probability of occurrence. 相似文献
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敌害生物的捕食在控制海洋底栖生物群落的丰度和组成中起着关键性的作用。以红螯相手蟹(Sesarma haematocheir)和毛蚶(Scapharca subcrenata)为试验对象,研究了红螯相手蟹的密度、规格、性别,以及毛蚶的密度、规格、海水温度和底质条件对毛蚶苗种存活的影响。结果表明,蟹表现出了第二种类型的功能反应,高密度底播毛蚶苗种可以显著提高成活率;当毛蚶苗种壳长达到20mm以上时,蟹的摄食速率显著下降;随着蟹个体的增大,其摄食速率显著增加,毛蚶的存活率下降;当蟹的密度逐渐增加的时候,同种个体之间的干扰竞争显著提高了毛蚶存活率;雄蟹凭借强有力的螯导致了更多毛蚶苗种的死亡;海水温度较低的春季和秋季底播毛蚶苗种可以显著提高成活率;底质条件的复杂性和异质性为毛蚶的存活提供了\"庇护空间\",从而减少了敌害生物捕食所带来的损失。 相似文献
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【目的】构建亮氨酰氨肽酶基因(pep A)被阻断的刺糖多孢菌工程菌株,并鉴定该基因对刺糖多孢菌菌丝形态、生物量、菌体全蛋白表达水平及产多杀菌素能力的影响,探究该基因调控多杀菌素合成的可能机制。【方法】利用PCR扩增刺糖多孢菌中的pep A基因同源片段,经酶切连接技术构建敲除载体p OJ260-pep A;通过接合转移和单交换同源重组将该载体整合至刺糖多孢菌染色体中,获得工程菌株S.sp-△pep A;利用培养特征、形态学、高效液相色谱、SDS-PAGE等方法对菌株进行研究分析。【结果】工程菌株S.sp-△pep A菌丝片段化程度加剧,生长态势被延缓且生物量降低,但有效促进了多杀菌素的生物合成。阻断亮氨酰胺肽酶基因的表达使刺糖多孢菌菌体全蛋白表达情况发生明显改变,找到表达水平显著上调的差异蛋白核糖体蛋白亚基和醛基脱氢酶,核糖体蛋白亚基通过影响蛋白质代谢对菌体生长产生影响;醛基脱氢酶则可与乙醇脱氢酶、乙酰辅酶A的合成酶相互作用影响辅酶A合成,而辅酶A是合成多杀菌素的重要底物。【结论】在刺糖多孢菌合成多杀菌素的次级代谢过程中,pep A基因作为负调控因子发挥作用。 相似文献
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A male-specific amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) marker was identified in the functionally dioecious fig species, Ficus fulva. A total of 89 polymorphic fragments from three primer combinations were produced, of which one (246 bp) was present in all males (n=23) and absent in all females (n=24) of two populations. This strong association suggests a tight chromosomal linkage between the AFLP marker and the sex-controlling locus. Further analysis indicated that the marker segregated in open-pollinated progenies from natural populations in a 1:1 ratio (n=156), implying that males are the heterogametic sex. Chromosome preparations showed no evidence for morphologically distinct sex chromosomes. The low frequencies of associated markers argue against a morphologically cryptic non-recombining sex chromosome. The sex-locus is therefore likely to be autosomal. The male-specific AFLP marker was sequenced and converted into a sequence characterised amplified region (SCAR) marker. This SCAR marker produced a fragment of equal size in males and females, suggesting that sequence divergence between male- and female-specific chromosomal regions is low.Publication 3311 NIOO-KNAW Netherlands Institute of Ecology 相似文献
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【目的】通过对不同时期的刺糖多孢菌进行转录组分析,探究多杀菌素生物合成的相关代谢通路,挖掘代谢途径关键酶基因,探究多杀菌素竞争基因簇,为高产工程菌的构建奠定基础。【方法】选取刺糖多孢菌株对数生长期(T2-48 h)和稳定期(T6-144 h)进行比较转录组分析,并通过实时荧光定量PCR (real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR,qRT-PCR)与转录组测序进行相互验证。采用基因本体论(gene ontology,GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)对差异表达基因进行功能和代谢通路注释并进行中心碳代谢分析。【结果】刺糖多孢菌通过转录组测序发现有2 542个差异表达基因,其中具有显著上调基因1 188个,显著下调基因1 354个。GO注释表明,差异表达基因主要参与羧酸代谢过程、含氧酸代谢过程、有机酸代谢过程和氨基酸代谢过程。KEGG富集结果表明,差异表达基因主要参与甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢,以及氧化磷酸化和精氨酸生物合成等通路。进一步分析得到7个与多杀菌素生物合成相关的基因,其中accB、Pfk、G6PD、dsdA表达量显著上调,而涉及多杀菌素前体消耗的GAPDH、aceE、DLAT以及TCA循环和精氨酸生物合成途径中的基因表达量都呈现显著性下调趋势。qRT-PCR与转录组测序结果发现双方同时上调的基因有12个,分别为BGC2(43 846 bp)、BGC4(18 330 bp)、BGC9(20 501 bp)、BGC18(62 621 bp)、BGC22(19 626 bp)、BGC25(42 896 bp)、BGC26(40 086 bp)、BGC28(39 392 bp)、BGC30(20 282 bp)、BGC31(53 657 bp)、BGC34(20 787 bp)和BGC35(40 232 bp)。【结论】本研究通过转录组学分析获得了不同时期刺糖多孢菌的差异基因以及多杀菌素生物合成通路,并分析了刺糖多孢菌中多杀菌素的竞争基因簇,为后期开展多杀菌素生物合成途径的优化和对刺糖多孢菌进行遗传改造从而达到提高多杀菌素产量的目的奠定了基础。 相似文献
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Seven triterpenoid saponins, including four new compounds, catunarosides A–D (1–4), and three known compounds, swartziatrioside (5), aralia-saponin V (6), araliasaponin IV (7) were isolated from the stem bark of Catunaregam spinosa, a Chinese mangrove associate. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of their spectral data and hydrolysis experiments. The antifeedant activities of compounds 1–7 against Plutella xylostella were also evaluated. 相似文献