眼色素层炎的免疫机制及免疫治疗

眼色素层由脉络膜、睫伏体、虹膜组成。这些部位的炎症反应称眼色素层炎。眼内的炎症主要有两类：抗原特异性免疫应答介导;非特异性炎症反应。本文重点综述抗原特异性免疫应答介导的眼色素层炎的发病机制及免疫治疗。过去认为梅毒螺旋体、结核杆菌是大多数眼色素层炎的病因,近几年来大量实验和临床研究证实,免疫应答在感染性和非感染性眼色素层炎的发生中起重要作用,对其机制有更深入的了解,以Ｔ 细胞介导的细胞免疫为主要损伤机制,根据免疫机制的各个环节建立了新的免疫治疗方法,包括环孢素Ａ 免疫抑制剂的使用、口服耐受的诱导以及细胞粘附分子疗法。     

SUMF2在支气管哮喘中的作用

支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)是一种慢性炎症引起的以气道炎症、气道高反应性和气道重塑为特点的呼吸系统疾病,近些年其发病率呈现明显地上升趋势。随着对哮喘发病机制的深入研究,研究者们发现IL-13在哮喘的发病中作为始动因子起到中轴的作用。有研究表明硫酸酯酶修饰因子2(简称SUMF2)不仅可以与IL-13相结合,且可以抑制IL-13的分泌,可以推测SUMF2在哮喘的发病中起到一定的作用可能为哮喘的治疗提供新的思路,对于改善哮喘患者的生活质量同样具有很高的临床价值。     

肺部菌群对过敏性哮喘的影响CSCD

过敏性哮喘是一种常见的过敏性疾病,其发病机制尚未完全清楚,但共生微生物与宿主免疫稳态的建立及维持关系密切。近年来的研究发现肠道菌群在过敏性哮喘的发生发展中起主要作用,“肺-肠轴”概念的提出阐释了肺部菌群与肠道菌群之间的串扰关系。研究证实肺部菌群与过敏性哮喘密切相关,并通过肺-肠轴直接或间接影响过敏性哮喘的发生发展。本文分析肺部菌群与过敏性哮喘的相关性及可能的机制,深入了解肺部菌群在过敏性哮喘中的作用及意义,以期为过敏性哮喘的临床预防及诊疗拓宽思路。     

未折叠蛋白质与感染、炎症和癌症

未折叠蛋白(Unfolded proteins,UP)是蛋白质质量控制的对象,其可诱发UP应答(UPR),介导细胞死亡或炎症反应。在多种感染、炎症和癌症疾病中,病原体或恶性转化细胞可劫持UPR,在避免细胞死亡的前提下,介导慢性炎症反应,从而起到促进疾病发生发展的作用。这种UP相关炎症与疾病进展之间的机制联系目前不清楚,且研究技术手段缺乏。本文对UP与感染、炎症和癌症的关系以及UP蛋白质组学研究技术的进展进行综述,核心目的是总结上述领域最新研究思路,并促进以UP为靶向的生物学和疾病推动的科学研究。     

氧化应激与病毒性心肌炎

病毒性心肌炎是指由柯萨奇病毒、埃可(ECHO)、脊髓灰质炎、腺病毒,流感病毒等病毒感染引起的心肌局限性或弥漫性的急性或慢性炎症病变,属于感染性心肌疾病。重症易发生恶性心率失常、急性心衰、心源性猝死等,在临床及法医尸检中常常得到证实。在病毒所致的心肌损伤中包括病毒的直接损伤、免疫应答反应、炎细胞的浸润等。近年对于氧化应激与急性病毒性心肌炎的相关性研究越来越深入,已证实活性氧和细胞抗氧化防御机制之间的失衡在病毒性心肌炎的心肌损伤过程中起到了重要作用。本文将综述氧化应激的来源及其在病毒性心肌炎发病机制中的作用和当前抗氧化治疗的现状。     

IL-13在支气管哮喘中的作用机制及治疗靶位

支气管哮喘是由多种细胞包括气道炎性细胞、结构细胞和多种细胞组分参与的气道慢性炎症性疾病。其发病原因复杂,以反复发作的呼吸困难、气道的高反应性和慢性炎症为特点。细胞因子作为免疫活性细胞中的效应分子,具有的免疫调节作用,诸多学者认为白介素-13(interleukin-13,IL-13)在哮喘发病中扮演重要角色,其拮抗剂有望成为哮喘治疗的新方法,本文欲将IL-13的生物学功能、IL-13在支气管哮喘中的作用机制及干预治疗靶位加以综述,为制定哮喘防治策略、开发新治疗技术提供新思路。     

补体系统在动脉粥样硬化中的作用

动脉粥样硬化是由脂质和纤维在动脉内膜下的过度沉积造成的,脂代谢紊乱和免疫功能失衡是其最重要的发病机制。补体系统是固有免疫的重要组成部分,是炎症反应的关键启动因子,补体系统介导的免疫应答在动脉粥样硬化的发生中发挥着重要作用。众多研究表明,动脉粥样硬化斑块中存在多种补体成分以及活化产物,提示补体系统的活化和后续的级联反应是参与动脉粥样硬化发生的重要机制。本文就补体在动脉粥样硬化发生中的作用及其分子机制进行简要综述。     

促炎因子调控紧密连接的研究进展

紧密连接存在于所有上皮或内皮细胞间连接的最顶端,是物质经过旁细胞途径进行物质转运的结构基础,具有"屏障"和"栅栏"的作用。在炎症及免疫因素介导的多种疾病中,如炎症性肠病、囊肿性纤维化、舍格伦综合征和神经系统炎症等,患者血清及疾病累及的上皮或内皮组织均出现多种促炎因子含量升高。促炎因子作用于相关的上皮或内皮组织,通过影响紧密连接蛋白的表达、结构和功能从而调控上皮或内皮的旁细胞途径通透性,是炎症性疾病的一个重要的发病机制。本文重点综述了促炎因子对肠道、呼吸道、唾液腺上皮以及脑微血管内皮紧密连接的调控及其相关分子机制。     

NF-kB与中枢神经系统退变性疾病

转录因子NF-kB是介导许多免疫和炎症反应的中心物质,同时也是细胞凋亡信号通路中一个重要的转录调节因子。它主要是通过调节一系列参与免疫、炎症反应及凋亡的基因转录来发挥作用,但目前其具体的转录机制仍不是十分清楚。近年来,许多实验都证实在中枢神经系统中,尤其是在发生神经退变的部位可以检测到特异激活的NF-kB。但是关于NF-kB的活化究竟是参与神经退变还是神经保护机制,一直争论不休,至今没有定论。本文旨在回顾近年来NF-kB在神经系统退行性疾病中的研究进展,并探讨基于NF-kB途径的一些有望应用于临床的治疗措施。     

健康所免疫调节和耐受研究组招聘启事

<正>中国科学院上海生命科学研究院/上海交通大学医学院健康科学研究所免疫调节与耐受研究组主要研究免疫和炎症信号的调控及在肿瘤和自身免疫性疾病等重大疾病中的作用机制,主要通过分子生物学、细胞生物学方法和肿瘤小鼠模型与临床患者样本分析等手段,研究炎症相关疾病的发病机理和防治策略,研发肿瘤分子诊断试剂、个体化治疗药物及免疫制剂。现招聘1~2名博士后、1名副研究员或助理研究员,     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.