抗厌氧菌中草药的系列研究：Ⅱ.桂皮醛抗厌氧菌的实验研究

为探索肉桂在防治厌氧菌感染应用于临床的可能性,作者进一步用122株厌氧菌检测肉桂的抗菌活性。肉桂起抗菌作用的主要成分是桂皮醛。本文用商品桂皮醛,加吐温80助溶,配成含桂皮醛512μg/ml、256μg/ml 等一系列培养液,进行试管法测定 MIC、MBC。结果 MIC 在128μg/ml 以下者占所试菌株的76%,在256μg/ml 以下占96.7%。脆弱类杆菌、产黑素类杆菌相对更敏感。MBC 一般显著高于 MIC,因此桂皮醛主要是抑菌作用。从细菌的形态学观察,推论桂皮醛主要是作用细菌的胞壁,鉴于桂皮醛有一定毒性,作者建议可作为局部抗厌氧菌药物。     

桂皮醛对小鼠柯萨奇病毒诱发病毒性心肌炎的作用(英文)

已知Toll样受体4(Toll-like receptors 4,TLR4)及其下游信号组分在柯萨奇病毒(CoxsackievirusB,CVB)诱发的病毒性心肌炎中扮演重要的角色,其在治疗中的作用仍不明确。桂皮醛具有抗病毒以及成剂量依赖性抑制由TLR4诱导的核因子活性的作用,而其对病毒性心肌炎的作用机制尚不明确。我们的实验结果显示:在体外,桂皮醛对正常心肌细胞的IC50为15μM;100-1000μM桂皮醛能显著抑制心肌细胞中的病毒滴度(P0.01),而细胞存活率与CVB组无统计学差异(P0.01)。而在病毒性心肌炎小鼠体内,与模型组比较,20和40mg/kg桂皮醛i.p.使第7 d血清中NO的含量以及心肌中诱导型一氧化氮合酶(inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS),肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF-α),核因子κB P65(nuclear factor-κB P65,NF-κB P65)和TLR4蛋白质表达显著降低(P0.05)。降低第21 d心脏体重比(Heat Weight/Body Weight,Hw/Bw)比值,提高小鼠生存率,减轻病理损伤的作用。这些结果显示桂皮醛虽在体外无抗病毒活性,但其在体内具有降低病毒滴度和抑制TLR-4-NF-κB信号传导的作用,对病毒性心肌炎小鼠具有治疗作用。桂皮醛可能通过对TLR-4-NF-κB信号传导抑制作用,作为一种新的方法治疗病毒性心肌炎。     

HPLC法测定酮洛芬在大鼠血浆中的浓度

目的:建立大鼠血浆中酮洛芬的HPLC测定方法,进行酮洛芬微乳凝胶的药物动力学研究.方法:血浆样品采用甲醇沉淀蛋白方法处理,萘普生钠为内标;色谱柱为DiamosilC18(200mm× 4.6mmi.d,5μm),流动相为甲醇-0.01 mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾(70:30,磷酸调pH3.0),流速1 mL·min-1,检测波长为255 nm.进样量为20μL,柱温为室温.结果酮洛芬与内标萘普生钠完全分离且血浆中内源性物质对酮洛芬的含量测定无影响;酮洛芬在0.2～50 μg·mL-1范围内线性关系良好,r=0.999 8;最低定量限为0.05μg·mL-1;日内和日间精密度均(RSD)小于2.4%;回收率为91.3%～107.2%.结论:所用方法灵敏、准确、重复性好、回收率高,可用于酮洛芬微乳凝胶的血药浓度检测.     

HPLC法测定参坤养血片中原儿茶醛含量的研究

目的:建立用高效液相色谱法测定参坤养血片中原儿茶醛含量的方法.方法:色谱柱为伊利特HYPERSIL ODS(200mm×4.6mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为水:甲醇:冰乙酸(80:19:1),检测波长为280nm,流速为1.0ml/min,柱温为室温.结果:原儿茶醛进样量在0.014～0.084μ g范围内与峰面积积分值线性关系良好(r=0.9995),平均回收率为96.92%(RSD=1.42%).结论:本方法简便、快捷、专属性强、重现性好,可用于参坤养血片的质量控制.     

肉桂泡汁和煎液中桂皮醛含量的气相色谱分析

用气相色谱法测定肉桂泡汁和煎液中桂皮醛的含量。考查了肉桂泡汁中栓皮醛的加样回收率为９６．３４％,ＲＳＤ为１．７６％。     

桂皮醛激活血管内皮TRPA1防止高糖诱导的氧化应激保护血管内皮功能

目的:探索桂皮醛对高糖诱导的内皮细胞氧化应激的影响及其对相关血管内皮功能损害的作用,初步分析其作用机制。方法:(1)制作高糖(30 m M)致人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)损伤和血管组织损伤模型,并以低糖(5.5 m M)作为对照,高糖干预的HUVECs给予桂皮醛(10μM)或桂皮醛+TRPA1特异性拮抗剂(HC030031,10μM)进行干预,以DHE染色和DAF-2DA染色观察各组细胞超氧阴离子和一氧化氮(NO)水平;western blotting分析核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2),内皮一氧化氮合酶(eNOS),磷酸化eNOS及P22~(phox)水平。(2)以TRPA1敲除(TRPA1~(-/-))及相应的野生型(Wild type,WT)小鼠分离胸主动脉进行体外培养,设低糖(5.5 m M D-葡萄糖)组、高糖(30 m M D-葡萄糖)组、高糖+桂皮醛(10μM)组,以微血管张力测定仪测定血管内皮依赖性舒张功能和非内皮依赖性舒张功能。结果:(1)桂皮醛可显著减少高糖介导的内皮细胞超氧阴离子的产生,防止NO水平下降,但上述作用可被HC030031所阻断。(2)桂皮醛可显著防止WT小鼠胸主动脉血管内皮依赖性舒张功能减退,但对TRPA1~(-/-)小鼠无上述作用。(3)桂皮醛剂量依赖性地上调Nrf2的表达,还可促进eNOS磷酸化,减少P22~(phox),上述作用均可被HC030031阻断。结论:桂皮醛激活TRPA1通过Nrf2信号通路可改善高糖介导的血管内皮细胞氧化应激水平,防止NO水平下降,改善血管内皮依赖性舒张功能。     

RP-HPLC法测定盐肤木中桦木酸和桦木醇含量的方法

为了建立盐肤木中RP-HPLC法测定桦木酸、桦木醇含量的方法,采用正交试验法,以桦木酸、桦木醇的含量为指标,采用料液比为1∶20,乙醇浓度为60%,提取温度为50℃作为提取工艺;采用Hypersil-C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5μm),以乙腈-水-磷酸(89∶10∶0.1)为流动相,体积流量0.8 mL·min~(-1),柱温为室温,进样量20μL,灵敏度1.00 AUFS,检测波长为205 nm。盐肤木中桦木酸、桦木醇分别在在5.2～52μg·mL~(-1)(r=0.9996)、10.8～108μg·mL~(-1)(r=0.9995)范围内与峰面积线性关系良好,平均加样回收率为99.3%(RSD=1.6%)、99.0%(RSD=0.9%)。该方法简便、稳定、重复性好,可用于盐肤木根茎的质量控制。     

桂皮醛衍生物的合成及其对CVB3的作用

目的:合成桂皮醛衍生物,观测其对心肌细胞的毒性及抗CVB3病毒的作用.方法:化学合成6种桂皮醛衍生物,其中3种进行了红外、质谱等结构表征;MTT法检测被CVB3病毒感染和用桂皮醛衍生物治疗后的心肌细胞活性.结果:α-溴代对氨肉桂醛、α-溴代对甲基肉桂醛、对氯肉桂醛3种桂皮醛衍生物对心肌细胞的半教毒性浓度(TC50)分别为2151.28μ g·mL-1,1475.32μg·mL-1,22460.32μ g·mL-1;对CVB3病毒的半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别为178.94μg·mL-1、173.35μg·mL-1,6045.25μg·mL-1;对CVB3病毒的治疗指数(TI)分别为12.02,8.51,3.71.结论:桂皮醛3种衍生物具有直接抑制CVB3病毒作用,但对病毒的细胞合成和吸附无明显作用.     

桂皮醛对高脂喂养小鼠糖脂代谢影响的实验研究

目的：探讨口服桂皮醛对高脂喂养小鼠（C57BL/6J 背景）糖脂代谢的影响。方法：采用雄性C57BL/6J小鼠作为研究对象,分 正常对照组（6 只）,高脂组（6 只）,高脂+ 桂皮醛（40 mg/kg,每天1 次）干预组（6 只）。桂皮醛以0.5 %羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC-Na） 溶解后口服灌胃,每天1 次;正常对照组和高脂组给予灌服等体积的CMC-Na,每天1 次,干预时间为3 月。每周观察体重、空腹血 糖,实验结束后观察胰岛素耐量（IPITT）、葡萄糖耐量（IPGTT）,观察各组小鼠的血脂水平（TC,TG,LDL-C,HDL-C）、胰岛素水 平、肠系膜脂肪重量及以HE 染色观察脂肪细胞形态。结果：在脂代谢方面,桂皮醛干预可显著防止高脂喂养小鼠的体重和血脂水 平的升高;高脂喂养小鼠肠系膜脂肪重量显著增加,HE 染色提示脂肪细胞显著增大;桂皮醛可显著防止肠系膜脂肪重量的增加 及脂肪细胞的变大。而在葡萄糖代谢方面,桂皮醛可显著降低高脂喂养小鼠血糖和胰岛素水平,改善小鼠的葡萄糖耐量和胰岛素 敏感性。结论：口服桂皮醛可显著改善高脂喂养小鼠的糖、脂代谢。     

高效液相色谱法测定消瘀跌打药酒中姜黄素的含量

目的建立高效液相色谱法测定消瘀跌打药酒中姜黄素的含量。方法采用Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-4%冰醋酸溶液(47∶53),检测波长430 nm,流速为1 ml·min~(-1),柱温为30℃。结果姜黄素的进样浓度在0.2114～5.2850μg·ml~(-1)范围内与峰面积积分值呈良好的线性关系,回归方程:Y=1.4044X-0.0780(r=0.9997);平均加样回收率为99.57%,RSD=1.19%(n=6)。结论该方法稳定、简便,可用于消瘀跌打药酒的质量控制。     

Cinnamic Acid and Cinnamaldehyde Ameliorate Cisplatin‐Induced Splenotoxicity in Rats

Cinnamic acid (CA) and cinnamaldehyde (CD) are major constituents of cinnamon species. They possess various pharmacological properties of which their antioxidant activity is a prime one. This study aims to investigate potential protective effects against cisplatin (CP)‐induced splenotoxicity in rats. A single dose of CP (5 mg/kg) injected i.p. caused a significant decrease in hemoglobin content (18%), total leucocytic count (46%), neutrophils (78%), and catalase (CAT) splenic activity (64%) with a marked increase in lymphocytes (26%) and splenic content of malondialdehyde (68%) and TNF‐α (69%) as compared with the control group. Contrarily, CA (50 mg/kg, p.o.) or CD (40 mg/kg, p.o.) administration for 7 days before CP ameliorated CP‐induced splenotoxicity as indicated by mitigation of the biochemical parameters and histopathological changes. These results revealed the promising protective effects of CA and CD on CP‐induced splenotoxicity in rats; an effect that might be attributed to antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities.     

Comparative Study of the Possible Protective Effects of Cinnamic Acid and Cinnamaldehyde on Cisplatin‐Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats

This study aimed to assess the protective effect of cinnamic acid (CA) and cinnamaldehyde (CD) against cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity. A single dose of cisplatin (5 mg/kg), injected intraperitoneally to male rats, caused significant increases in serum urea, creatinine levels, and lipid peroxides measured as the malondialdehyde content of kidney, with significant decreases in serum albumin, reduced glutathione, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase) of kidney as compared with the control group. On the other hand, administration of CA (50 mg/kg, p.o.) or CD (40 mg/kg, p.o.) for 7 days before cisplatin ameliorated the cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity as indicated by the restoration of kidney function and oxidative stress parameters. Furthermore, they reduced the histopathological changes induced by cisplatin. In conclusion, CA and CD showed protective effects against cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity where CD was more effective than CA; affects that might be attributed to their antioxidant activities.     

Novel cinnamaldehyde-based aspirin derivatives for the treatment of colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Current treatments of CRC involve anti-cancer agents with relatively good efficacy but unselectively target both cancer and non-cancer cells. Thus, there is a need to discover and develop novel CRC therapeutics that have potent anti-cancer effects, but show reduced off-target cell effects. Here, a novel series of cinnamaldehyde-based aspirin derivatives were designed and synthesized. Biological evaluation indicated that the most active compound 1f exhibited more than 10-fold increase in the anti-proliferation efficacy in HCT-8 cells compared to the parent compounds. Its effects were similarly reproduced in another CRC cell line, DLD-1, but with 7- to 11-fold less inhibitory activity in non-tumorigenic colon cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed that 1f induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, which was further validated with immunoblot analysis of the relative protein levels of cleaved caspase 3 and PARP as well as the ROS production in CRC cells. More so, 1f significantly inhibited the growth of implanted CRC in vivo in mouse xenograft model. Taken together, our results show that cinnamaldehyde-based aspirin derivatives such as 1f show promise as novel anti-CRC agent for further pharmaceutical development.     

肉桂醛抗人宫颈癌相关机制的研究

目的探讨不同浓度的肉桂醛对HeLa细胞P21、CDK4蛋白表达的影响及意义。方法不同浓度的经过纯度鉴定的肉桂醛处理体外培养的HeLa细胞,培养24 h后免疫组织化学和Western blotting法检测HeLa细胞P21、CDK4蛋白表达的变化。结果肉桂醛纯度〉96.24%;肉桂醛能显著增高P21和降低CDK4蛋白在HeLa细胞中的表达,各浓度肉桂醛处理组的P21、CDK4蛋白表达与溶剂对照组相比差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01,P〈0.05）。结论肉桂醛能上调宫颈癌HeLa细胞P21蛋白表达和下调CDK4蛋白表达,可能是促进HeLa细胞凋亡的机制之一。     

TRP-independent inhibition of the phospholipase C pathway by natural sensory ligands

Menthol, cinnamaldehyde, and camphor are activators for temperature-sensitive transient receptor potential ion channels (thermoTRPs). Here we found that these three compounds inhibit the phospholipase C (PLC) signaling. P2Y purinoceptor-mediated or histamine receptor-mediated cytosolic calcium mobilization through the PLC pathway was significantly suppressed by menthol, cinnamaldehyde, and camphor. Experiments using a fluorescent pleckstrin homology domain of PLCδ1 and IP1 accumulation assays demonstrated that direct inhibition of PLC activity occurred upon the addition of the sensory compounds. P2Y receptor-mediated PLC activation is part of the mechanism of platelet aggregation. The three compounds inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation. Calcium influx studies showed that thermoTRPs do not function in platelets, suggesting that the anti-aggregation effect is independent of thermoTRP activity. These results suggest that menthol, cinnamaldehyde, and camphor are able to modify PLC signaling and that those effects may lead to changes in cellular functions. This study also identifies new types of compounds that could potentially modulate platelet-related pathological events.     

肉桂醛、柠檬醛抑制黑曲霉生长的比较研究

黑曲霉是一类极易通过饲料、食品、粮油霉变而具致病性的有害真菌。与物理和化学方法抑制黑曲霉生长相比,生物抑菌剂抗黑曲霉生长具有药效久、无抗药性并安全健康的优点。本实验采用天然肉桂醛、柠檬醛作为抑菌剂,以正常生长的黑曲霉为对照,分别采用牛津杯法、气体扩散法比较对黑曲霉生长效果的影响。结果表明,柠檬醛作用所形成的抑菌圈显著大于肉桂醛作用所形成的抑菌圈,且在同一浓度下柠檬醛对菌丝体形态和孢子囊形态的抑制比肉桂醛显著,而气体扩散法抗黑曲霉效果优于牛津杯法。