0.5 μg(kg·h)维持剂量右美托咪定麻醉对肺癌根治术患者血清IL-6、NSE、S100β蛋白水平的影响

目的:探讨肺癌根治术应用0.5μg(kg·h)维持剂量右美托咪定(Dex)辅助麻醉对患者血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NES)及S100β蛋白水平的影响。方法:选取我院2016年3月~2017年3月收治并择期行肺癌根治术治疗的92例患者,采取随机数字表法均分为两组。所有患者均采取相同的常规静吸复合麻醉,于麻醉诱导前15 min(T_1)静脉滴注负荷剂量为1μg/kg的Dex。观察组在此基础上以0.5μg/(kg·h)速度持续静脉泵注Dex至术毕前10 min,对照组以等剂量生理盐水重复以上操作。记录比较两组T_1、单肺通气前(T_2)、单肺通气60 min(T_3)、术毕时刻(T_4)、术后24 h(T_5)血清IL-6、NSE、S100β蛋白水平及术后不良反应的发生情况。结果:与T_1时间点对比,两组T_2、T_3、T_4、T_5时血清IL-6、NSE、S100β水平均显著升高(P0.01),且观察组在T_2、T_3、T_4、T_5时血清IL-6、S100β水平显著低于对照组同时(P0.01)。观察组术后不良反应率较对照组低(P0.05)。结论:肺癌根治术应用0.5μg(kg·h)维持剂量右美托咪定(Dex)辅助麻醉更能有效降低术患者IL-6、NSE、S100β蛋白水平,抑制机体炎症反应,减轻脑损伤,且安全性高。     

右美托咪定对子宫肌瘤切除术患者全麻苏醒期应激反应的影响

目的:探讨盐酸右美托咪定用于全凭静脉麻醉对子宫肌瘤切除术患者应激反应的影响。方法:选择我院收治的择期行子宫肌瘤切除术患者60例,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组30例。两组患者均采用全麻,其中观察组患者在麻醉诱导15 min内静脉输注1 ug/kg盐酸右美托咪定注射液,术中0.3-0.6 ug/(kg×h)维持;而对照组患者采用静脉输注0.9%的Nacl溶液。分别于麻醉前、麻醉后及苏醒期测定并观察两组患者外周静脉血中TNF-α,IL-2和IL-6的浓度变化情况。结果:两组患者麻醉前TNF-α,IL-2和IL-6的浓度无显著性差异(P0.05)。两组患者麻醉后及苏醒期TNF-α,IL-2及IL-6浓度均显著高于麻醉前,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患者麻醉后及苏醒期TNF-α,IL-2及IL-6浓度均显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:右美托咪定用于全凭静脉麻醉对子宫肌瘤切除术患者血清TNF-α、IL-2和IL-6浓度具有调节作用,可缓解或降低手术引起的应激反应。     

右美托咪定联合七氟烷对心脑血管介入患者血液动力学及苏醒影响

目的:探究右美托咪定联合七氟烷对心脑血管介入治疗患者血液动力学影响,并分析药物对患者苏醒干预效果。方法:选择2015年3月至2019年3月于我院均接受介入治疗的心脑血管系统疾病92例,按照随机数字表法将其均分为研究组与对照组(各46例),对照组采用七氟烷麻醉并以生理盐水进行连续泵注,研究组采用七氟烷联合右美托咪定的方式实施麻醉,对比两组T_0(麻醉诱导前)、T_1(气管插管后)、T_2(手术结束时)、S_1(苏醒即刻)、S_2(指令配合)、S_3(气管拔除)时的心率(Heart rate,HR)、平均动脉压(Mean arterial pressure,MAP),对比两组苏醒时Riker镇静和躁动评分(Riker sedation and agitation score,SAS)及拔管时间。结果:(1)对比显示,T_0时,两组患者HR与MAP对比差异不具有统计学意义(P0.05),T_1及T_2时刻研究组HR及MAP均明显低于对照组(P0.05);(2)S_1时刻两组HR及MAP对比差异不具有统计学意义(P0.05),S_2及S_3时刻研究组HR及MAP均明显低于对照组(P0.05);(3)研究组苏醒时其SAS评分低于对照组,拔管时间短于对照组(P0.05);(4)观察组随访期间心脑血管事件的发生率为10.87%,显著低于对照组的28.26%(P0.05)。同时,两组随访期间各死亡1例。结论:心脑血管疾病行介入治疗患者应用右美托咪定联合七氟烷干预能够显著稳定患者血液动力学,同时还能够改善患者苏醒状态,缓解患者随麻醉作用减弱而出现的应激反应,减少心脑血管事件的发生,改善预后。     

右美托咪定与丙泊酚复合麻醉用于鼻内镜经蝶垂体瘤切除术的效果

目的:研究右美托咪定(Dexmedetomidine)与丙泊酚复合麻醉应用于鼻内镜经蝶窦垂体瘤切除手术的临床效果。方法:选择2015年3月至2015年12月首都医科大学宣武医院神经外科内镜下收治的经鼻蝶垂体瘤切除术患者70例,随机分为右美托咪定组(T组)和对照组(C组)。T组在诱导前15分钟泵入右美托咪定,对照组则泵入等量盐水,两组均给予丙泊酚进行麻醉诱导。观察和比较两组患者入室后15 min(T_0)、插管前(T_1)、插管后5 min(T_2)、插管后10 min(T_3)、拔管后5 min(T_4)、拔管后10 min(T_5)心率、收/舒张压变化,术中15 min(T_6)及30 min(T_7)Fromme术野质量评分和拔管时(T_8)及拔管后1 hour(T_9)Ramsay镇静评分。结果:T组插管后5 min(T_2)、拔管后5 min(T_4)和拔管后10 min(T_5)收缩压、舒张压及心率均显著低于对照组(C组)对应时间点收缩压(P0.05)。两组插管前心率(HR)均低于入室时15 min分钟心率(P0.05)。T组T7时间点术野质量评分高于C组(P0.05),拔管后2小时两组Ramsay镇静评分无统计学意义。两组术后苏醒时间及拔管时间比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:右美托咪定联合丙泊酚用于内镜经蝶窦垂体瘤切除术有利于稳定患者心率、收/舒张压,显著改善术野质量评分。     

帕瑞昔布钠联合右美托咪定对开胸手术患者苏醒质量及应激反应的影响

目的:探讨帕瑞昔布钠联合右美托咪定对开胸手术患者苏醒质量及应激反应的影响。方法:选择2014年1月至2016年9月我院行开胸手术的90例患者,通过随机数表法分为观察组(n=45)和对照组(n=45)。观察组在术前30min静脉注射帕瑞昔布,术毕前5 min缓慢静脉注射右美托咪定;对照组在术前、30 min、术毕前5 min给予等容量生理盐水。比较两组苏醒时间、拔管时间以及麻醉诱导前(T1)、手术结束时(T2)、术后3 h(T3)时血糖(Glu)、皮质醇(Cor)、肾上腺素(E)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、运动活动评分(MAAS)的变化,并比较麻醉恢复期躁动的发生率。结果:两组苏醒时间、拔管时间比较差异上无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组T2、T3时Glu、Cor、E、NE水平以及MAAS评分均明显低于对照组(P0.05),躁动发生率明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:在开胸手术患者麻醉过程中,应用帕瑞昔布钠联合右美托咪定可有效抑制麻醉恢复期应激反应,减少躁动的发生,提高苏醒质量。     

右美托咪定联合氯胺酮的最佳麻醉浓度研究

目的:探寻患儿室间隔缺损封堵术中右美托咪定(dexmedetomidine,Dex)联合氯胺酮的最佳麻醉浓度。方法:选择4~11岁拟行VSDO的室间隔缺损患儿120例,随机分为A、B、C三组(n=40)。静脉注射阿托品及氯胺酮(1.0mg·kg-1)行麻醉诱导后,输注10min右美托咪定负荷量0.5μg·kg~(-1),然后对A、B、C三组分别静脉输注0.8、1.0、1.2μg·kg-1·h-1的右美托咪定。术中若麻醉变浅,单次追加氯胺酮0.5mg·kg-1。分别记录入室(T_0)、氯胺酮给药后1min(T_1)、5min(T_2)、输注完毕(T_3)、输注维持量15min(T_4)、术毕(T_5)、苏醒时(T_6)的BIS、BP、HR和SpO2,手术时间、苏醒时间,呼吸抑制和术后躁动等不良反应,氯胺酮总用量,氯胺酮和阿托品的追加情况。结果:与同组T_0时相比,三组在T_4和T_5的BIS值降低,三组的BP值、SpO2值在T_1~T_6无统计学差异。A组的HR在T_4、T_5无统计学差异(t=0.525,P=0.601)。三组手术时间和苏醒时间无统计学差异。B、C组的氯胺酮总用量和追加率、呼吸抑制发生率无统计学差异,均低于A组。B、C两组之间阿托品追加率有统计学差异,均高于A组。三组的苏醒期躁动发生率均为零。结论:4~11岁患儿室间隔缺损封堵术中,采用1.0mg·kg~(-1)氯胺酮行麻醉诱导,再以右美托咪定0.5μg·kg~(-1)的负荷量输注、1.0μg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1)的浓度维持,可使麻醉效果良好,且不良反应少,是最佳的联合麻醉浓度。     

丙泊酚联合右美托咪啶对肺癌根治术患者镇痛及应激反应的影响

目的:研究丙泊酚联合右美托咪啶用于肺癌根治术患者中的镇痛效果及对应激反应的影响。方法:选取2014年8月至2016年7月本院收治的肺癌根治术患者78例,根据患者入院顺序分为观察组和对照组,39例每组。对照组采取咪达唑仑联合右美托咪啶进行麻醉,观察组采取丙泊酚联合右美托咪啶进行麻醉,两组均复合使用瑞芬太尼维持。比较两组患者镇痛效果、平均动脉压、心率、血糖、血清白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-10(IL-10)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)及白细胞总数(WBC)水平。结果:观察组患者在苏醒即刻、苏醒后10 min、苏醒后30 min的视觉模拟(VAS)评分显著低于对照组(P0.05),治疗后24小时血清IL-6、TNF-α、WBC、心率、平均动脉压、血糖水平均显著低于对照组(P0.05),血清白介素(IL-10)水平显著高于对照组(P0.05)。观察组和对照组的不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:丙泊酚联合右美托咪啶用于肺癌根治术患者中具有较好的镇痛效果,并能有效抑制应激反应,安全性高。     

右美托咪定在腹腔镜全子宫切除术中的应用效果

目的:探讨右美托咪定在腹腔镜全子宫切除术中的应用效果及对抗凝血酶(AT)Ⅲ、D-二聚体(D-D)、纤维蛋白降解产物(FDP)、皮质醇(Cor)的影响。方法:选择2015年5月至2016年10月我院接诊的90例行腹腔镜全子宫切除术的患者,通过随机数表法分为观察组(n=45)和对照组(n=45)。两组均采用静脉吸入复合全麻,观察组在入室后给予1μg/kg的右美托咪定(10 min内完成输注),之后以0.5μg/(kg·h)的速度持续泵注,持续输注60 min;对照组以同样的方式输注生理盐水。比较两组在T_0(麻醉前)、T_1(麻醉后10 min)、T_2(拔管后)、T_3(术后24 h)各时点血流动力学、纤溶功能及应激反应的变化。结果:对照组在T_1、T_2时平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)较T0时点显著升高(P0.05),T_3时回落至正常水平;观察组各时点MAP、HR均无明显变化(P0.05);两组T_1、T_2时点ATⅢ均显著降低,D-D、FDP显著升高(P0.05),观察组T_3时点ATⅢ、D-D、FDP均恢复到正常水平,与T0时比较无显著差异(P0.05),但对照组各指标和T_0时比较仍具有显著差异(P0.05),观察组在各时点ATⅢ均高于对照组,D-D、FDP均低于对照组(P0.05);与T_0比较,两组T_1、T_2、T-3时点Cor均显著升高(P0.05);但观察组在T_1、T_2、T_3时点Cor均比对照组低(P0.05)。结论:右美托咪定用于腹腔镜全子宫切除术有助于维持患者血流动力学稳定,改善应激反应及纤溶功能,麻醉效果优异。     

丙泊酚与右美托咪定对食管癌根治术患者氧合指数及COR、CRP水平的影响比较

目的:比较丙泊酚与右美托咪定对食管癌根治术患者氧合指数及皮质醇(COR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平的影响。方法:研究对象选择2013年8月~2016年8月择期行食管癌根治术患者,性别不限,96例,根据其入院顺序的不同分成两组,奇数为观察组(n=48),偶数为对照组(n=48)。比较两组手术情况及肺部并发症的发生情况,并于麻醉前(T0)、切皮后2h(T1)、术后24h(T2)抽动脉血进行血气分析,计算出氧合指数(OI),同时采集外周静脉血检测血清COR、CRP水平。结果:两组手术时间、术中失血量、术中补液量、术后清醒时间比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组T1、T2时点OI值明显低于T0时点(P0.01),但观察组T1、T2时点OI值明显高于对照组同时点(P0.01)。两组T1、T2时点COR、CRP水平逐渐升高,且均显著高于T0时点(P0.01);观察组T2时点COR、CRP水平显著低于对照组同时点(P0.01)。两组各项肺部并发症的发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:右美托咪定相对于丙泊酚能有效减轻食管癌根治术引起的肺氧合功能下降及手术产生的应激反应。     

硬膜外复合全身麻醉对开胸手术患者麻醉苏醒期苏醒质量和应激状态的影响

目的:探讨硬膜外复合全身麻醉对开胸手术患者麻醉苏醒期苏醒质量和应激状态的影响。方法:选择2013年6月~2015年3月在我院行开胸手术患者80例作为研究对象,按照数字随机表法分为对照组和观察组,分别给予静吸复合全身麻醉和硬膜外复合全身麻醉,比较两组患者术后苏醒的时间和拔管的时间,采用运动活动评分(MAAS)评估镇静程度,电化学法测定去肾上腺素(NE)、肾上腺素(E)及多巴胺(DA)水平。结果:观察组的苏醒时间为(7.12±1.23)min,拔管时间为(11.38±1.86)min,均短于对照组的(15.34±2.82)min和(25.71±4.22)min,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。术后0.5 h及术后6 h两组患者的MAAS均高于术前,且观察组优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者术后NE、E及DA水平均高于术前,且对照组高于观察组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:开胸手术患者采用硬膜外复合全身麻醉可缩短苏醒时间和拔管时间,提高患者的苏醒质量,降低应激反应,值得临床推广应用。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The mechanism of hatching of eggs of Haemonchus contortus

Fluid collected from hatching eggs of Haemonchus contortus contained a lipase which hydrolysed 2-naphthyl laurate (about 0·7 μmol naphthol freed /h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid also hydrolysed l-leucinamide (about 2·3 μmol leucine freed/h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid when added to normal or heated eggs caused ‘hatching’. ‘Hatching’ also occurred in exsheathing fluid from infective juveniles and in a preparation of pancreatic lipase containing leucine aminopeptidase. A purified mammalian leucine aminopeptidase in combination with several different lipases did not attack egg shells.The ‘spontaneous’ hatching of eggs of H. contortus was strongly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, 10^?3M, and this inhibition was reversed by Zn²⁺. However, the inhibition of ‘hatching’ of eggs in externally applied hatching fluid, or the hydrolysis of leucinamide in hatching fluid was generally less marked.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.