移植部位对小鼠睾丸移植效果的影响

目的比较不同的移植部位对睾丸移植效果的影响,以探索建立疾病模型小鼠安全保存的新方法。方法按移植部位的不同分为3组:背部皮下组,睾丸白膜内组和肾包膜下组。移植后处死受体鼠回收移植物。测试和分析受体精囊的重量,移植物存活率,回收物增重的倍数和生殖细胞的分化情况。结果不同实验组移植睾丸的生殖细胞分化差异显著。睾丸白膜内组的分化情况最好与假移植对照组相似;背部皮下移植组睾丸的分化率为29.2%;肾包膜下组未见分化。结论睾丸白膜内移植最利于精子的发生;背部皮下移植是睾丸移植的次优选择;肾包膜下睾丸移植不适合用于小鼠雄性生殖器官的安全保存。     

1840MHz电磁辐射对雄性SD大鼠性激素的影响及其抗氧化损伤作用研究

目的:探讨1840MHz电磁辐射对雄性SD大鼠性激素分泌的影响及其抗氧化损伤作用。方法:将48只成年雄性SD大鼠按体质量随机分为8组,即2组假辐照组和6组辐照组,辐照组给予频率为1840MHz,比吸收率(SAR)分别为0.2、0.5、1.5 W/kg的电磁辐射,连续辐照1周或3周(5 d/周,30 min/d)。辐照后立即麻醉SD大鼠并进行心脏采血,分离血清,采用放射免疫法测量血清中卵泡刺激素(FSH)、生长激素(GH)、促性腺激素释放激素(Gn RH)、黄体生成素(LH)、睾酮(T)的浓度。睾丸组织称重并给予多聚甲醛固定,石蜡包埋切片后采用苏木精-伊红(HE)染色,用显微镜观察睾丸组织形态结构,采用免疫组织化学法观测睾丸组织内热休克蛋白70(HSP70)和DNA氧化损伤的标志物8-OHd G的分布及表达情况。结果:与对照组相比,辐照组大鼠睾丸组织结构无显著损伤,但是经比吸收率为0.2 W/Kg和0.5 W/Kg的电磁辐射辐照3周(5 d/周,30 min/d)后,辐照组FSH,Gn RH,LH水平降低,差异具有统计学意义(p0.05),睾丸组织中HSP70和8-OHd G的表达无明显改变。结论:1840MHz电磁辐射对雄性SD大鼠睾丸的形态结构无明显影响,而睾丸的部分生殖内分泌功能改变,没有引起大鼠睾丸组织明显的氧化应激损伤。     

外源性睾酮对去睾丸家兔性激素以及血脂和载脂蛋白水平的影响

目的 :探讨不同剂量的外源性睾酮对去势 (双侧睾丸切除 )雄性家兔性激素以及血脂和载脂蛋白水平的影响。方法 :成熟雄性新西兰白兔 40只 ,随机分成 5组 (n =8) :对照组、单纯去势组、低睾酮血症组 [去势后肌注十一酸睾酮 (TU) ,3mg/kg ,每 2周一次 ]、生理水平组 (去势后肌注TU ,6mg/kg ,每 2周一次 )及高睾酮血症组 (去势后肌注TU ,1 2mg/kg ,每 2周一次 )。 8周后测量血清总睾酮 (TT)、雌二醇 (E2 )、脱氢表雄酮 (DHEA)及总胆固醇 (TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL C) ,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL C) ,甘油三酯 (TG) ,载脂蛋白A1 (ApoA1 ) ,载脂蛋白B(ApoB)。结果 :雄兔血清TT水平在去势后明显下降至极低水平 ,明显低于对照组 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,3mg/kgTU补充后轻度升高 ,仍明显低于对照组 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,形成低睾酮血症 ,6mg/kgTU补充后与对照组相比无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5) ,接近生理水平 ,1 2mg/kgTU补充后明显高于对照组和低睾酮血症组 (P均 <0 .0 1 ) ,形成高睾酮血症。血清E2 水平在对照组和生理水平组相近并且最低 ,单纯去势组和低睾血症组相近 ,高睾酮血症组最高。E2 /TT比值在对照组和生理水平组相近并且最小 ,在单纯去势组最大 ,低睾酮血症组大于高睾酮血症组。单纯去势组、低睾酮血症组和高睾酮血症     

不同病理睾丸组织中雄激素受体和热休克蛋白90α表达的差异

目的检查和分析不同病理睾丸组织雄激素受体和热休克蛋白90α表达的差异.方法运用免疫组织化学二步法检查精子发生停滞、精原细胞瘤、前列腺癌去势和正常健康睾丸标本之雄激素受体和热休克蛋白90α的表达情况.结果正常睾丸组织和前列腺癌去势睾丸中雄激素受体在间质细胞、支持细胞和精原细胞的胞核表达,前者的表达强度高于后者(P<0.05);热休克蛋白90α主要在类肌细胞、间质细胞、支持细胞核及生精细胞的胞浆表达.精子发生阻滞的睾丸组织,雄激素受体主要在支持细胞的胞核和生精细胞的胞浆表达,热休克蛋白90α主要在支持细胞、类肌细胞表达;精原细胞瘤的睾丸组织,雄激素受体在肿瘤细胞的胞浆和胞核表达,热休克蛋白90α的表达强度在精原细胞瘤组织高于对照标本.结论雄激素受体核转运异常与精子发生阻滞有紧密关系;前列腺癌去势患者睾丸组织中,雄激素受体免疫反应强度减弱与睾丸衰老有关;精原细胞瘤患者睾丸标本,雄激素受体表达减弱,但热休克蛋白90α表达增强;提示雄激素受体和热休克蛋白90α的表达异常与精原细胞瘤的病理发生有关.     

不同年龄大鼠血清对骨髓间充质干细胞衰老影响的实验研究

制备成年(8～12周龄)和老年(64～72周龄)SD大鼠血清,实验随机分为两组:年轻血清组和老年血清组,分别采用成年和老年SD大鼠血清培养成年MSCs 36小时后,衰老相关β-半乳糖苷酶和活性氧染色观察细胞衰老,MTT法检测细胞增殖,AO/EB法和Hoechst 33342染色法观察细胞凋亡及存活情况。免疫细胞化学和Western blot法检测衰老相关蛋白γ-H2A.X、p53表达,RT-PCR法观察p53、p21 mRNA表达。结果发现,与年轻血清组相比,老年血清组MSCs衰老细胞数明显增加((96.2±24.1)/500细胞vS(30.8±8.2)/500细胞,P<0.01)、增殖能力减弱,凋亡率升高,γ-H2A.X、p53蛋白表达水平升高,p53、p21 mRNA表达升高。这些结果说明、老年SD大鼠血清可促进MSCs发生衰老变化,并抑制MSCs增殖及存活能力,这一作用可能与DNA损伤反应和p53/p21信号通路有关。     

雄激素对成年雄性斑胸草雀前脑高级发声中枢-弓状皮质栎核通路长时程压抑的影响

雄激素可通过调控鸣唱控制系统改变鸣禽的鸣唱行为。本研究以成年雄性斑胸草雀为实验动物,采用在体电生理实验方法,观察雄激素对高级发声中枢(high vocal center,HVC)-弓状皮质栎核(robust nucleus of the arcopallium,RA)通路突触可塑性的影响,以期阐明雄激素对成年鸣禽鸣唱稳定性维持的神经生理机制。将实验动物分为对照组、去势组与去势+埋植睾酮组,分别记录高频刺激(400 Hz,2 s)HVC后,HVC-RA通路长时程压抑(long-term depression,LTD)的变化以及双脉冲易化效应。结果显示,高频刺激HVC,在对照组可以记录到LTD现象;去势组中仅有短时程压抑(short-term depression,STD)现象;去势+埋植睾酮组中LTD现象则恢复。双脉冲易化现象在去势组不明显,而对照组和去势+埋植睾酮组易化率明显高于去势组。以上结果提示,雄激素可能通过影响成年雄性斑胸草雀HVC-RA通路的LTD水平来维持鸣曲稳定性,并对该通路的短时程突触可塑性有一定的调节作用。     

大鼠睾丸中S-100蛋白生后发育变化的免疫细胞化学研究

本文应用免疫细胞方法,研究大鼠生后４天、７天、１４天、３０天、２个月和３个月睾丸中Ｓ－１００蛋白的分布和变化规律。结果表明：Ｓ－１００蛋白染色反应位于睾丸间质细胞,直到生后３０天才出现阳性细胞,数量少,着色浅,而２月龄和３月龄大鼠睾丸Ｓ－１００蛋白阳性细胞数量多,着色深。提示Ｓ－１００蛋白可能参与间质细胞的合成和分泌睾酮过程。     

睾酮对去睾丸家兔骨密度及血清钙磷的影响

目的:观察去睾丸和睾酮补充对雄兔骨密度和血清钙、镁、磷的影响.方法:周龄相同的雄性新西兰白兔随机分成对照组、去睾丸组和睾酮补充组(去睾丸后肌注十一酸睾酮).同等条件下饲养20周后测量各组兔全身骨密度、腰椎骨密度、股骨颈骨密度,并检测血清总睾酮(TT)、雌二醇(E2),脱氢表雄酮(DHEA)水平以及血清钙(Ca2 )、游离钙([Ca2 ]i)镁(Mg2 )、磷(P)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)浓度.结果:去睾丸组血清TT水平明显下降(P<0.01),睾酮补充组血清TT水平升高接近对照组(P>0.05).去睾丸组血清E2和E2/TT比明显高于对照组(P<0.01),睾酮补充组血清E2和E2/TT下降,接近对照组水平(P均>0.05).与对照组相比,去睾丸组血清Ca2 、[Ca2 ]i、Mg2 以及AKP浓度明显升高(P均<0.01),睾酮补充组血清Ca2 、[Ca2 ]i、Mg2 以及AKP浓度较去睾丸组低,接近对照组水平(P>0.05).股骨颈骨密度在去睾丸组明显低于对照组和睾酮补充组(P<0.01),而后两组无差别(P>0.05).结论:去睾丸后雄兔血清TT明显下降,E2和E2/TT比以及Ca2 、[Ca2 ]i、Mg2 和AKP浓度明显升高,骨密度显著下降,睾酮补充使上述异常明显改善.     

睾丸切除对麝鼠香腺形态和 麝鼠香成分的影响

对麝鼠(Ondatra zibethicus)去势,探讨睾丸切除对麝鼠香腺形态和麝鼠香成分的影响。6只成年雄性麝鼠,随机分为去势组和对照组,每组3只。麝鼠香腺内香液排尽后,施行去势手术。去势30 d后,麻醉处死动物,采集和分离麝鼠的血清备用,然后采集麝鼠香。采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清和麝鼠香中的睾酮(T)含量。取香腺,测量其长度,H.E染色观察香腺组织结构的变化,并测量腺细胞直径。同时,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)测定麝鼠香化学成分。去势组的血清中睾酮含量极显著低于对照组(t=5.270,P 0.01),去势组麝鼠香中睾酮含量显著低于对照组(t=3.229,P 0.05)。形态学上,去势组和对照组的麝鼠香腺长度无显著差异(t=1.243,P 0.05)。组织学上,去势组腺细胞直径显著缩小(t=9.434,P 0.01)。麝鼠香中,去势组和对照组含量最高的3类成分相同,均为大环类、类固醇和脂肪酸。其中,去势组的大环类物质含量显著升高(t=﹣3.084,P 0.05),而类固醇含量极显著降低(t=3.407,P 0.05)。完成建立麝鼠去势模型,切除睾丸后导致麝鼠香腺腺细胞形态和麝鼠香成分发生了变化。     

丝胶预处理对糖尿病大鼠睾丸IGF-1表达的影响

目的探讨丝胶预处理对2型糖尿病大鼠睾丸胰岛素样生长因子-1(insulin-like growth factor-1,IGF-1)表达的影响。方法 30只雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组(n=10):正常对照组、糖尿病模型组和丝胶预处理组。链脲佐菌素连续腹腔注射制作2型糖尿病大鼠模型,以血糖≥16.7mmol/L作为成模标准;丝胶预处理组大鼠在注射链脲佐菌素前给予丝胶灌胃(2.4g/kg/d)35d。采用葡萄糖氧化酶法检测血糖,采用ELISA方法检测大鼠血清睾酮和IGF-1水平;分别采用免疫组化染色和RT-PCR法检测睾丸IGF-1蛋白和mRNA的表达。结果丝胶预处理可明显抑制糖尿病大鼠血糖升高,血清睾酮、IGF-1水平的降低,睾丸IGF-1表达的下降(丝胶预处理组与糖尿病模型组比较:P0.01)。结果 丝胶预处理可通过阻止糖尿病大鼠睾丸IGF-1表达的下调,改善生精功能,发挥对糖尿病生殖功能损害的预防保护作用。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.