孟鲁司特钠联合沙丁胺醇治疗重度支气管哮喘的临床效果及对患者血清ECP、LPO、FeNO水平及肺功能的影响

目的:探讨孟鲁司特钠联合沙丁胺醇治疗重度支气管哮喘的临床效果及对患者血清嗜酸粒细胞阳离子蛋白(ECP)、过氧化脂质/过氧化物酶(LPO)、呼出气一氧化氮(FeNO)水平及肺功能的影响。方法:选择2014年5月到2017年5月我院接诊的重度支气管哮喘患者80例作为研究对象,以随机数表法分为观察组(n=40)和对照组(n=40)。对照组使用沙丁胺醇治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上使用孟鲁司特钠进行治疗。比较两组的临床疗效、治疗前后肺功能、血清ECP、LPO、FeNO水平的变化及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,观察组临床疗效总有效率为92.20%,明显高于对照组(70.00%,P0.05);观察组第治疗后秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、FEV1/FVC水平均明显高于对照组(P0.05),血清ECP、LPO、FeNO水平均明显低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组不良反应总发生率为10.00%,显著低于对照组的30.00%(P0.05)。结论:孟鲁司特钠联合沙丁胺醇治疗重度支气管哮喘患者的临床效果明显优于单用沙丁胺醇治疗,其可有效改善患者的肺功能,可能与其显著降低患者血清ECP、LPO、FeNO水平有关。     

孟鲁司特钠联合布地奈德混悬液对哮喘急性发作患儿血清EOS、ECP水平和肺功能的影响

目的:探索孟鲁司特钠联合布地奈德混悬液对哮喘急性发作患儿血清嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)、嗜酸性粒细胞阳离子蛋白(ECP)水平和肺功能的影响。方法:选择自2015年10月至2016年10月我院收治的200例支气管哮喘急性发作患儿,按照随机数表法分成观察组和对照组各100例。对照组患儿口服孟鲁司特钠,观察组患儿在对照组基础上给予布地奈德气雾剂进行雾化治疗,两组均治疗1周。统计分析两组患儿的临床有效率,肺功能指标,包括第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)及FEV1/FVC,对比治疗前后两组患儿血清中EOS、ECP水平的变化。结果:治疗后,观察组的总有效率为97.00%,显著高于对照组的81.00%(P0.05);经治疗后两组患儿肺功能指标均较治疗前明显改善,且观察组患儿优于对照组(P0.05);两组患儿治疗后EOS、ECP水平均低于治疗前,而观察组患儿低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:孟鲁司特钠联合布地奈德对于小儿哮喘的急性发作具有良好的临床疗效,能显著改善患儿肺功能和血清中炎症因子的水平,减轻患儿体内的炎症反应,值得在临床上推广应用。     

布地奈德联合孟鲁司特钠对支气管哮喘患儿细胞因子、免疫功能影响

目的:探讨布地奈德联合孟鲁司特钠对支气管哮喘患儿细胞因子、免疫功能影响。方法:选自我院于2014年9月~2016年3月期间收治的支气管哮喘患儿96例,依据随机数字表法随机分为观察组与对照组,每组48例。对照组给予孟鲁司特钠治疗,观察组在对照组基础上结合布地奈德治疗。两组疗程均为4周。观察并比较两组的临床疗效、以及治疗前后患者血清细胞因子水平、免疫功能及肺功能的变化情况。结果:观察组治疗总有效率(95.83%)高于对照组(79.17%)(P0.05);观察组血清IL-5含量治疗后低于对照组,而IL-12含量高于对照组(P0.05);观察组血清Ig E含量治疗后低于对照组,而Ig A、Ig M含量高于对照组(P0.05);观察组FEV1和FVC治疗后高于对照组(P0.05);两组均未见明显不良反应。结论:布地奈德联合孟鲁司特钠治疗支气管哮喘患儿疗效显著,且作用可能与改善细胞因子、免疫功能及肺功能有关。     

加味麻杏石甘汤联合噻托溴铵对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者肺功能、血气指标及炎症因子的影响

目的:探讨加味麻杏石甘汤联合噻托溴铵对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者肺功能、血气指标及炎症因子的影响。方法:选取2018年2月-2019年11月我院收治的97例AECOPD患者,按随机数字表法将其分为对照组(n=48,噻托溴铵治疗)、研究组(n=49,加味麻杏石甘汤联合噻托溴铵治疗),比较两组患者疗效、中医证候积分、肺功能、血气指标、炎症因子及不良反应。结果:治疗14 d后研究组临床总有效率较对照组高(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较无差异(P>0.05)。两组治疗14 d后中医证候积分均下降,且研究组低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗14 d后第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、FEV1/FVC均较治疗前升高,且研究组高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗14 d后动脉血氧分压(PO2)升高,且研究组高于对照组(P<0.05),二氧化碳分压(PCO2)下降,且研究组低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗14 d后血清白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平均下降,且研究组低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:加味麻杏石甘汤联合噻托溴铵治疗AECOPD患者,疗效显著,可有效改善患者临床症状、肺功能、血气指标及炎症因子,且安全可靠。     

哮喘患儿呼出气一氧化氮、1,25-二羟维生素D3及儿童哮喘控制测试评分与肺功能的相关性

目的:探讨哮喘患儿呼出气一氧化氮(FeNO)、1,25-二羟维生素D_3[1,25(OH)_2D_3]及儿童哮喘控制测试(C-ACT)评分与肺功能的相关性。方法:选取2017年6月～2018年6月在我院就诊的86例哮喘患儿作为观察组,另选取同期于我院进行健康检查的86例健康儿童作为对照组。比较两组受试儿童1,25(OH)_2D_3浓度、FeNO、一秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、呼气流量峰值(PEF)水平,比较不同病情哮喘患儿1,25(OH)_2D_3浓度、FeNO、C-ACT、FEV1、PEF水平,并分析哮喘患儿1,25(OH)_2D_3、FeNO、C-ACT与肺功能的相关性。结果:观察组1,25(OH)_2D_3浓度、FEV1、PEF水平低于对照组(P0.05),FeNO水平高于对照组(P0.05);随着病情加重,1,25(OH)_2D_3浓度、PEF、FEV1水平、C-ACT评分均逐渐下降,FeNO水平逐渐升高,不同病情患儿间比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。哮喘患儿1,25(OH)_2D_3与FEV1、PEF呈正相关(r=0.912、0.873,P=0.006、0.008);C-ACT与FEV1、PEF呈正相关(r=0.472、0.366,P=0.036、0.032);FeNO与FEV1、PEF无相关(r=-0.035、-0.124,P=0.075、0.064)。结论:哮喘患儿1,25(OH)_2D_3浓度、C-ACT评分明显降低,FeNO水平明显升高,1,25(OH)_2D_3、C-ACT评分与肺功能呈正相关,但FeNO与肺功能无相关,C-ACT可用于哮喘患儿病情的预测,同时,通过提高患儿体内1,25(OH)_2D_3浓度可以改善其肺功能。     

维生素A、D治疗毛细支气管炎和儿童支气管哮喘的临床效果研究

目的:探讨维生素A、D治疗毛细支气管炎和儿童支气管哮喘的临床效果。方法:选取2016年1月-2018年1月本院住院治疗的毛细支气管炎患儿120例、门诊就诊的支气管哮喘患儿120例、儿童保健门诊查体的健康患儿40例(近1年均无服用维生素AD史)作为研究对象。将毛细支气管炎组、哮喘组分别随机分为治疗组40例(常规治疗+口服维生素AD组)和对照组40例(常规治疗组)。治疗组补充口服维生素AD1粒qd,疗程共6个月。分别比较三组血清维生素A、D水平,随访6个月、1年内喘息的控制情况(喘息发作次数、持续时间、咳嗽程度、有无夜间症状或夜间憋醒、有无活动受限)及肺功能(第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、FEV1/FVC),哮喘组≥4岁患儿进行儿童哮喘控制测试(C-ACT)评分评价哮喘的控制情况。结果:观察组与对照组患儿血清维生素A、D水平无显著性差异(P0.05);观察组、对照组患者维生素A、D水平显著低于健康组患儿(P0.05);观察组患儿喘息发作次数、喘息发作时间、夜间症状、夜间憋醒、活动受限发生情况均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组各肺功能指标较治疗前均显著升高(P0.05),观察组FEV1、FVC、FEV1/FVC水平及C-ACT评分均明显高于对照组(P0.05),观察组进展支气管哮喘的发生率明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:维生素A、D治疗毛细支气管炎和儿童支气管哮喘的临床效果显著。     

硝黄散外敷联合加味五虎汤口服治疗痰热闭肺型肺炎支原体肺炎患儿对肺功能和血清TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-4水平的影响

目的:观察硝黄散外敷联合加味五虎汤口服治疗痰热闭肺型肺炎支原体肺炎(MPP)患儿对肺功能和血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)、白介素-4(IL-4)水平的影响。方法:研究对象为我院2019年6月~2021年1月期间收治的MPP患儿80例,采用随机数字表法将患儿分为对照组(n=40,阿奇霉素抗感染治疗)和研究组(n=40,对照组基础上加用硝黄散外敷联合加味五虎汤口服治疗),均治疗7 d。比较两组患儿临床疗效,比较两组治疗前、治疗7 d后的中医证候积分、临床症状改善情况、肺功能和血清TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-4水平。结果:研究组治疗7 d后的临床总有效率为92.50%(37/40),高于对照组的72.50%(29/40),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,研究组的症状(咳嗽憋喘、发热、肺部干湿啰音)消失时间均更短(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,研究组治疗7 d后用力肺活量(FVC)、最高呼气峰流速(PEF)、第1秒最大呼气容积(FEV1)、FEV1/FVC均更高(P<0.05),研究组治疗7 d后的中医证候积分及血清TNF-α、IFN-γ和IL-4水平均更低(P<0.05)。结论:痰热闭肺型MPP患儿采用硝黄散外敷联合加味五虎汤口服治疗,可有效缩短患儿症状消失时间,显著改善其肺功能、血清炎症因子水平,疗效显著。     

小青龙汤、射干麻黄汤及其合方并用对大鼠哮喘模型血清IL-4/INF-γ影响的实验研究

目的:观察小青龙汤、射干麻黄汤及其合方并用对大鼠哮喘模型血清IL-4/INF-γ的影响。方法:将健康雄性SD大鼠共90只,随机分为6组。每组15只,采用卵蛋白致敏及激发的方法制作大鼠哮喘模型。用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测各组大鼠血清中IFN-γ和IL-4的浓度。结果:哮喘模型对照组血清中IFN-γ的含量明显低于正常对照组(P<0.05),而血清IL-4的含量明显高于前者(P<0.05),存在着严重的IFN-γ/IL-4比例的失衡;与哮喘模型对照组相比较,各药物治疗组均可不同程度的上调IFN-γ并下调血清IL-4的水平;这其中尤以合方并用组的作用最为显著。结论:小青龙汤及射干麻黄汤对哮喘动物模型的免疫失衡均有调节作用,二者合用其调节作用更为显著。     

泛福舒胶囊联合参麦注射液治疗儿童支气管哮喘的疗效及对血清IL-4、hs-CRP、Ang-2的影响

目的:研究泛福舒胶囊联合参麦注射液治疗儿童支气管哮喘的疗效及对血清IL-4(Interleukin-4)、hs-CRP(Hypersensitive c-reactive protein)、Ang-2(Angiotensin-2)的影响。方法:选择2015年3月至2017年3月在我院接受治疗的支气管哮喘患儿120例,根据治疗方案不同分为观察组和对照组,对照组使用常规治疗,观察组在对照组的基础给予静脉滴注参麦注射液联合泛福舒胶囊治疗,两组患者均治疗3个疗程。治疗后,观察和比较两组患者的临床疗效,治疗前后PEF(peak expiratory flow)、FEV1(forced expiratory volume)水平、T淋巴细胞亚群水平、血清IL-4、hs-CRP、Ang-2水平的变化。结果:治疗后,观察组总有效率(91.7%)明显高于对照组(73.3%)(P0.05)。与治疗前相比,两组患者治疗后血清IL-4、hs-CRP、Ang-2水平均明显降低,PEF、FEV1水平明显升高(P0.05);与对照组相比,观察组血清IL-4、hs-CRP、Ang-2水平明显较低,PEF、FEV1水平明显较高(P0.05)。治疗后,与对照组比较,观察组CD3~+、CD4~+水平显著升高,CD8~+水平及CD4~+/CD8~+比值显著降低(P0.05)。结论:泛福舒胶囊联合参麦注射液治疗儿童支气管哮喘可有效提高其临床疗效,改善其肺功能,可能与其显著降低患儿血清IL-4、hs-CRP、Ang-2水平有关。     

沙丁胺醇联合布地奈德雾化吸入对支气管哮喘患儿血清AT-III、CD5L以及炎症水平的影响

摘要 目的：探讨沙丁胺醇联合布地奈德雾化吸入对支气管哮喘患儿血清AT-III、CD5L以及炎症水平的影响。方法：选取我院2018年10月到2020年10月共收治的78例支气管哮喘患儿作为研究对象,将所有患儿随机分为观察组与对照组,每组39例。对照组患儿应用布地奈德雾化吸入治疗,观察组患儿应用沙丁胺醇联合布地奈德雾化吸入治疗,对比两组患儿的治疗效果、治疗前后的FeNO、肺功能指标、血气指标、血清AT-III、CD5L以及外周血单个核细胞NLRP3炎症小体变化情况。结果：观察组患儿的治疗总有效率为97.44%,显著高于对照组的82.05%（P＜0.05）;两组患儿治疗前PEF、FVC、FEV1指标对比无显著差异（P＞0.05）,通过治疗后观察组患儿的PEF、FVC、FEV1指标明显优于对照组,组间对比,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;通过对比各项肺功能指标发现,两组患儿治疗后PaO₂、PaCO₂、SaO₂指标对比差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;两组患儿治疗前FeNO、AT-III、CD5L以及外周血单个核细胞NLRP3炎症小体表达对比无明显差异（P＞0.05）;治疗后,观察组患儿FeNO、AT-Ⅲ水平以及NLRP3 mRNA表达均显著低于对照组,CD5L水平高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：对支气管哮喘患儿应用沙丁胺醇联合布地奈德雾化吸入治疗,能够减轻患儿临床症状,提高治疗效果,提升患儿肺功能,稳定血气指标,减轻慢性缺氧状态,提升免疫力,降低炎症反应,值得临床应用推广。     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

Monovalent Cation Permeation through the Connexin40 Gap Junction Channel : Cs,Rb, K,Na, Li,TEA, TMA,TBA, and Effects of Anions Br,Cl, F,Acetate, Aspartate,Glutamate, and NO3

The unitary conductances and permeability sequences of the rat connexin40 (rCx40) gap junction channels to seven monovalent cations and anions were studied in rCx40-transfected neuroblastoma 2A (N2A) cell pairs using the dual whole cell recording technique. Chloride salt cation substitutions (115 mM principal salt) resulted in the following junctional maximal single channel current-voltage relationship slope conductances (γ_j in pS): CsCl (153), RbCl (148), KCl (142), NaCl (115), LiCl (86), TMACl (71), TEACl (63). Reversible block of the rCx40 channel was observed with TBA. Potassium anion salt γ_j are: Kglutamate (160), Kacetate (160), Kaspartate (158), KNO₃ (157), KF (148), KCl (142), and KBr (132). Ion selectivity was verified by measuring reversal potentials for current in rCx40 gap junction channels with asymmetric salt solutions in the two electrodes and using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation to calculate relative permeabilities. The permeabilities relative to Li⁺ are: Cs⁺ (1.38), Rb⁺ (1.32), K⁺ (1.31), Na⁺ (1.16), TMA⁺ (0.53), TEA⁺ (0.45), TBA⁺ (0.03), Cl⁻ (0.19), glutamate⁻ (0.04), and NO₃− (0.14), assuming that the monovalent anions permeate the channel by forming ion pairs with permeant monovalent cations within the pore thereby causing proportionate decreases in the channel conductance. This hypothesis can account for why the predicted increasing conductances with increasing ion mobilities in an essentially aqueous channel were not observed for anions in the rCx40 channel. The rCx40 effective channel radius is estimated to be 6.6 Å from a theoretical fit of the relationship of relative permeability and cation radius.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Caprine blood groups. 2. The C,G, H,I, J,K, L,N, and Q systems

Nine blood group systems of goats were identified using 12 caprine reagents produced by absorption of alloimmune antisera. The caprine C blood group system, possibly homologous to the ovine C blood group system, was characterized by two reagents and shown to be controlled by three alleles,C ¹²,C ²⁵, andC ⁻. A more complex blood group system of goats, designated G, was identified using three reagents and shown to be controlled by six codominant alleles (G ^10.19.20,G ^10.19,G ^10.20,G ¹⁰,G ¹⁹,G ²⁰) and a recessive allele (G ⁻). A further seven one-factor two-allelic systems were identified by seven reagents. The nine genetic systems provided exclusion probabilities of 0.479, 0.492, 0.548, and 0.572 in Australian Angora, Dairy, Cashmere, and Texan Angora goat breeds, respectively. This work was supported by a grant from the Australian Stud Book, Alison Road, Randwick, New South Wales 2031, Australia.