不同剂量戊酸雌二醇治疗宫腔粘连的临床效果

目的:观察不同剂量戊酸雌二醇治疗宫腔镜术后宫腔粘连的临床效果。方法:选取2013年6月-2015年3月在我院接受宫腔镜手术且术后出现宫腔粘连的患者80例,根据用药剂量不同,将所选患者分为小剂量组和大剂量组,每组40例。小剂量组患者给予戊酸雌二醇3 mg,大剂量组患者给予戊酸雌二醇9 mg治疗。观察并比较两组患者的临床疗效、月经恢复情况及不良反应发生率。结果:大剂量戊酸雌二醇治疗宫腔粘连的临床疗效显著优于小剂量组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。大剂量戊酸雌二醇治疗宫腔粘连,患者术后的月经恢复率高于小剂量组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组不良反应的发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:9 mg戊酸雌二醇应用于宫腔镜术后具有较好的效果,能显著降低宫腔粘连发生率。     

不同剂量长托宁联合血液灌流在急性有机磷农药中毒中的应用效果观察

目的:研究不同剂量长托宁联合血液灌流在急性有机磷农药中毒中的应用效果。方法:选取急性有机磷农药中毒患者66例,随机分为A、B两组,每组33例。A组患者给予大剂量长托宁及血液灌流治疗,B组患者给予小剂量长托宁及血液灌流治疗。对比两组临床治疗效果及住院期间不良反应发生情况,对比两组治疗前后实验室指标变化。结果:A组治疗后意识恢复时间、中毒症状消失时间、胆碱酯酶(CHE)恢复时间、住院时间分别为(1.64±0.42)d、(4.84±1.25)d、(4.75±1.21)d、(5.43±1.88)d,显著少于B组的(2.10±0.82)d、(5.22±1.84)d、(5.67±1.92)d、(7.24±2.45)d(P0.05),且A组死亡率0.00%(0/33)显著低于B组的18.18%(6/33)(P0.05)。A组治疗后二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)水平分别为(38.71±1.44)mm Hg、(74.54±6.12)U/L、(24.45±3.57)U/L,显著低于B组治疗后的(42.43±2.45)mm Hg、(82.78±8.57)U/L、(30.12±5.75)U/L(P0.05),A组治疗后动脉血氧分压(PaO2)水平为(86.91±5.76)mm Hg,显著高于B组治疗后的(83.76±4.87)mm Hg(P0.05)。两组不良反应总发生率(18.18%VS 11.11%)对比无显著差异(P0.05)。结论:与小剂量用药相比,大剂量长托宁联合血液灌流治疗急性有机磷农药中毒疗效更好,且用药安全。     

单孔腔镜肺叶切除及淋巴结清扫术围手术期应用不同剂量氨溴索对肺癌患者的作用研究

目的:探讨围手术期应用不同剂量氨溴索对行单孔腔镜肺叶切除及淋巴结清扫术的肺癌患者的作用。方法:选取本院2017年1月至2018年12月期间收治的124例肺癌患者作为受试者,结合患者意愿按随机数字表法将受试者分为小剂量组(n=41)、中剂量组(n=41)和大剂量组(n=42),术前1d开始给予氨溴索静脉滴注,术后持续7d,比较各组患者临床症状、治疗前后的肺功能、炎症因子、T细胞亚群水平变化及不良反应发生率。结果:大剂量组咳痰容易人数所占比例高于小剂量组,痰液稀薄人数所占比例高于中剂量组及小剂量组(P0.05)。治疗后大剂量组第一秒用力呼吸容积(FEV_1)、FEV_1/用力肺活量(FVC)高于中剂量组、小剂量组(P0.05)。治疗后各组炎症因子水平均高于治疗前,且随着剂量的升高,C反应蛋白(CRP)、白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-8(IL-8)水平呈降低的趋势(P0.05)。随着剂量的升高,治疗后的CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+均呈升高趋势,CD8~+呈降低趋势(P0.05)。各组不良反应发生率比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:肺癌患者行单孔腔镜肺叶切除及淋巴结清扫术围手术期应用120mg氨溴索,可加快患者术后恢复,保护患者肺功能,抑制炎症反应,改善患者的免疫功能和临床症状。     

右美托咪啶对直肠癌患者术后胃肠功能恢复的影响

目的:观察围术期输注右美托咪啶对直肠癌患者术后镇痛及胃肠功能恢复的影响。方法:60例择期行直肠癌根治术的患者随机分为三组:空白对照组(Ctr组)不输注右美托咪啶;右美托咪啶组的患者入室后给予面罩吸氧并且泵注盐酸右美托咪啶,剂量为1μg/kg,10 min输注完毕后开始麻醉诱导,大剂量组(LD组)患者麻醉维持期间持续泵注右美托咪啶0.7μg/kg/h;小剂量组(MD组)泵注方法同LD组,术中持续泵注剂量为0.1μg/kg/h。手术结束后记录患者离开恢复室时(V1)、术后6 h(V2)、12 h(V3)、和24 h(V4)四个时间点的术后镇痛评分和胃肠功能恢复时间包括肠鸣音出现时间、排气时间、排便时间。结果:与其余两组比较,大剂量组患者各时间点的术后镇痛评分低于小剂量组和空白组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。小剂量组患者V1时疼痛评分较空白组减少(P0.05),其余时间点术后疼痛评分两组比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。大剂量组患者术后肠鸣音恢复时间较其余两组增加(P0.05),排气、排便时间与其余两组比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。小剂量组与空白组比较两组术后肠鸣音出现时间、排气时间和排便时间无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:围术期大剂量输注盐酸右美托咪啶可以改善患者术后疼痛,且不会抑制术后胃肠功能的恢复。     

胸腔镜肺癌根治术与开胸肺癌根治术对肺癌患者临床疗效的影响及机制

目的:比较胸腔镜肺癌根治术和传统开胸肺癌根治术治疗肺癌的临床疗效并探讨其可能作用机制。方法:选取2011年3月至2015年3月于本院进行肺癌根治术的120例患者为研究对象,随机分为观察组(胸腔镜手术组)60例与对照组(开胸手术组)60例,比较两组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量和引流管留置时间;并比较两组患者术前1 d及术后1 d、3 d、7 d的血清炎症因子和疼痛物质水平的变化。结果:两组患者在手术时间、手术出血量和术后引流等临床指标方面差异无明显统计学意义(P0.05);两组肺癌患者术前1 d的血清炎症因子和疼痛物质水平比较无明显统计学意义(P0.05),而术后1 d、3 d及7 d胸腔镜手术组的细胞炎症因子及疼痛物质血清表达水平均低于对照组(P0.05),血液流变指标较小,存在显著差异(P0.05)。结论:相较于传统开胸根治术,胸腔镜肺癌根治术不仅减少了患者体表创口,亦减小了患者的炎症反应和应激反应,且对血液循环的影响亦较小。     

不同预防性抗生素用于肿瘤患者围手术期的成本-效果分析

目的:探究不同抗生素用于肿瘤患者围手术期的成本-效果。方法:选择于我院接受手术治疗的93例肺癌患者,所有患者按照随机数字表法均分为三组,每组31例,三组患者实施不同的抗生素预防方案,对比三组患者的一般手术情况(手术时间、术中出血量、术后7 d最高体温、术后住院时间)、抗生素应用效果(术后呼吸道感染率、术后7 d平均体温、术后7 d平均白细胞计数)以及不同抗生素预防方案成本-效果。结果:(1)三组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后7 d最高体温、住院时间对比差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);(2)三组患者术后呼吸道感染率、术后7 d平均体温、术后7 d平均白细胞计数对比差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);(3)A组患者具有最高的成本-效果比值,单位效果所花费的成本显著低于B、C两组(P0.05)。结论:术前预防及术后短疗程应用头孢唑林钠能够显著降低肺癌患者术后感染率,减少抗生素用量及花费,提高患者围手术期成本-效果。     

加速康复外科联合全胸腔镜在肺癌根治术患者中的应用研究

目的:探讨加速康复外科(ERAS)联合全胸腔镜在肺癌根治术患者中的应用效果。方法:选择2015年5月-2017年5月西安交通大学第二附属医院收治的肺癌患者80例,根据随机数字表法将其分为对照组(n=40)与研究组(n=40)。两组患者均采取常规单操作孔全胸腔镜肺癌根治术治疗,对照组实施传统围手术期处理方法,研究组则应用ERAS模式进行围术期干预。评价两组患者术后各项临床指标、术后全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)发生率及并发症发生情况,对比两组患者术后1d、3d、5d的视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分,以及术前、术后3d的C反应蛋白(CRP)水平。结果:研究组术后胸腔引流量、术后首次进食时间、术后住院天数、胸腔引流管拔除时间均低于对照组(P0.05)。研究组术后SIRS、并发症发生率分别为0.00%、5.00%,均低于对照组的15.00%、22.50%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者术后3d、术后5d VAS评分均低于术后1d,且两组患者术后5d VAS评分低于术后3d(P0.05),研究组术后1d、3d与5d的VAS评分均低于对照组(P0.05)。术前两组CRP水平对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05),两组患者术后3d CRP水平高于术前,且研究组CRP水平显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:对于肺癌根治术患者,ERAS联合全胸腔镜可减轻患者疼痛,降低炎症因子水平,不良反应少,对患者早期康复具有良好的效果,值得临床推广。     

综合体温管理对老年肺癌患者凝血功能、失血量及早期认知功能的影响研究

目的:观察综合体温管理对老年肺癌患者凝血功能、失血量及早期认知功能的影响。方法:148例老年肺癌手术患者随机分为观察组(n=74)与对照组(n=74)。对照组予常规管理,观察组予综合体温管理。观察两组术前(t1)、开胸后(t2)、冲洗前(t3)、冲洗后(t4)、关胸后(t5)的鼻咽温度、肛门温度和血氧饱和度;术前、手术30 min、术后即刻凝血功能指标;术中、术后1d、术后2d失血量;术前术后认知功能评分;麻醉恢复期寒战及术后感染发生率。结果:t1、t2时,两组鼻咽温度、肛门温度、血氧饱和度差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。t3、t4、t5时,观察组鼻咽温度、肛门温度、血氧饱和度均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。手术30 min、术后,两组凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)等凝血功能指标均降低,观察组PT、APTT、TT等凝血功能指标均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组术中、术后1d、术后2d失血量均分别低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组术后认知功能评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组麻醉恢复期寒战发生率8.11%低于对照组27.03%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),术后感染率4.05%低于对照组16.22%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:综合体温管理可有效维持老年肺癌患者术中正常核心体温,维持血液、神经等系统的正常生理功能,提高患者术后早期认知功能,降低围术期风险。     

心胸外科手术后肺部感染的病原菌分布特点及护理干预

目的分析心胸外科手术后肺部感染的病原菌分布特点,探讨加强抗感染的护理干预措施对患者术后呼吸功能的改善情况。方法回顾性分析绍兴市立医院进行心胸外科手术治疗的468例患者的临床资料,统计术后肺部感染的发生率及病原菌的分布类型。从中随机抽取120例患者,根据护理干预方式的不同分为对照组62例和干预组58例,对照组患者只给予基础护理,干预组患者则加强抗感染的护理干预。对比两组患者术后呼吸功能的改善情况及肺部感染的发生率。结果 468例患者术后共发生肺部感染42例(8.97%),共培养出病原菌42株。铜绿假单胞菌所占的比例最高(30.95%),白色假丝酵母菌所占的比例最低(2.38%);干预组患者术后动脉氧分压[(98.27±24.57)mmHg]、呼吸频率[(16.19±4.05)次/min]、最大通气量[(71.37±17.84)L]、时间通气量[(2.95±0.74)L/h]及第1秒用力呼气容积[(1.37±0.35)L]明显好于对照组[(89.36±22.34)mmHg,(13.26±3.32)次/min,(52.18±13.05)L,(2.43±0.61)L/h,(1.09±0.28)L];干预组术后肺部感染发生率(2.00%)、肺不张发生率(2.00%)明显少于对照组(12.00%,10.00%),差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论心胸外科手术后肺部感染以革兰阴性菌为主,根据病原菌分布特点及药敏试验给予合理的抗菌药物治疗并加强抗感染的护理干预,能明显改善患者术后的呼吸功能,降低肺部感染率的发生,提高预后效果。     

小骨窗与大骨瓣开颅血肿清除术治疗高血压脑出血的疗效分析

目的:探讨小骨窗开颅血肿清除术与大骨瓣开颅血肿清除术治疗高血压脑出血的疗效。方法:选取120例高血压脑出血患者,分为两组,对照组(60例)给予大骨瓣开颅血肿清除术,观察组(60例)给予小骨窗开颅血肿清除术。观察并记录患者围手术期指标,术前术后6个月神经功能缺损情况,术后6个月生活能力及随访12个月期间并发症、死亡例数情况,对比两种手术方法治疗高血压脑出血的疗效。结果:经小骨窗开颅血肿清除术治疗,观察组患者手术时间,术中输血量,住院时间均明显短于或少于采用大骨瓣开颅术治疗的对照组患者(P0.05),但两组患者在血肿清除率上相比,差异没有统计学意义(P0.05)。术前两组NIHSS评分相比,差异没有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后6个月,两组NIHSS评分均明显降低,且观察组分值更低(P0.05),术后6个月,观察组ADL评分为17.24±3.52,对照组ADL评分为22.73±5.67,观察组ADL评分明显低于对照组(P0.05)。随访期间,两组死亡率相比较,差异没有统计学意义(P0.05);并发症发生率方面相比较,观察组更低(P0.05)。结论:小骨窗开颅血肿清除术对高血压脑出血具有较好的治疗效果,手术创伤小,神经功能影响小,能提高患者生活能力,术后并发症较少,值得临床推广使用。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The mechanism of hatching of eggs of Haemonchus contortus

Fluid collected from hatching eggs of Haemonchus contortus contained a lipase which hydrolysed 2-naphthyl laurate (about 0·7 μmol naphthol freed /h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid also hydrolysed l-leucinamide (about 2·3 μmol leucine freed/h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid when added to normal or heated eggs caused ‘hatching’. ‘Hatching’ also occurred in exsheathing fluid from infective juveniles and in a preparation of pancreatic lipase containing leucine aminopeptidase. A purified mammalian leucine aminopeptidase in combination with several different lipases did not attack egg shells.The ‘spontaneous’ hatching of eggs of H. contortus was strongly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, 10^?3M, and this inhibition was reversed by Zn²⁺. However, the inhibition of ‘hatching’ of eggs in externally applied hatching fluid, or the hydrolysis of leucinamide in hatching fluid was generally less marked.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.