三座南亚热带大型水库敞水区桡足类群落结构比较

于2000-2002 年对南亚热带三座大型水库:新丰江水库、公平水库和飞来峡水库敞水区桡足类进行了定性定量采样.三座水库桡足类种类数较少,共检出桡足类4 科10 属14 种,其中8 种哲水蚤,5 种剑水蚤和1 种猛水蚤.主要分布在广东省水库的我国特有种舌状叶镖水蚤(Phyllodiaptomus tunguidus )和广布性种类右突新镖水蚤(Neodiaptomus schmackeri )是出现频率较高的哲水蚤种类,温中剑水蚤(Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides )、台湾温剑水蚤(Thermocyclops taihokuensis )和博平近剑水蚤(Tropocyclopsbopingi )是出现频率较高的剑水蚤种类.水库的流域面积、滞留时间、鱼类捕食和营养状态是影响水库桡足类种类组成和数量的重要因素.三座水库桡足类种类数与水库流域面积大小存在正相关关系.随着水库营养水平的升高,桡足类密度和生物量也相应增加,但是大型哲水蚤的优势度降低,而剑水蚤和桡足类幼体的优势度上升.水力滞留时间很短是引起飞来峡水库桡足类种群波动的主要因素.水库捕食性鱼类对甲壳浮游动物的选择性捕食,对桡足类种类影响较小,对桡足类成体密度影响较大.由于地区差异和鱼类捕食强度等因素的影响,桡足类种类多样性与水体营养状态之间存在不确定性.     

浙江千岛湖桡足类的群落结构

1999年1－12月,研究了贫－中营养型的大型深水湖泊－浙江千岛湖浮游桡足类的群落结构,包括其种类组成、现存量动态及群落多样性。在一年的研究中,共观察到16种桡足类（5种哲水蚤、1种猛水蚤和10种剑水蚤）。根据各种桡足类（桡足幼体＋成体）的年平均密度,哲水蚤的优势种为右突新镖水蚤（Neodiaptomus schmack-eri)和球状许水蚤（Schmackeria forbesi);剑水蚤的优势种为一种中剑水蚤（Mesocyclops notius)和近邻剑水蚤（Cyclops vicinus)。桡足类群落平均密度46.81个／L,生物量0.126mg/L,物种多样性指数1.54。桡足类现存量的季节变化为夏＞秋＞冬＞春,8月份密度达98.50个／L,生物量0.333mg/L;5月份密度仅10.70个／L,生物量0.017mg/L。水平变化以Ⅱ号站现存量为最高,密度达80.10个／L,生物量0.289mg/L;V号站的密度最低,仅29.80个／L;Ⅳ号站生物量最低,0.066mg/L。多样性指数以I站为最高3.21,Ⅸ站最低,仅0.85。桡足类群落多样性随着水体透明度的增大呈下降的趋势。     

浅水草型湖泊—扁担墉中桡足类的群落结构

本文研究了一浅水草型湖泊－扁担墉吕桡足类的群落结构,包括种类组成,种群动态及现存量。在一周年的研究中,共发现１４种浮游桡足类。根据年平均密度,剑水蚤的优势种为;Ｍｅｓｏｃｙｃｌｏｐｓ ｎｏｔｉｕｓ,Ｃｙｌｏｐｓ ｖｉｎｃｉｎｕｉｓ ｖｉｎｃｉｎｕｓ和Ｔｈｅｒｍｏｃｙｃｌｏｐｓ ｂｒｅｖｉｆｕｒｃａｔｕｓ,而哲水蚤的优势种为Ｎｅｏｄｉａｐｔｏｍｕｓ ｙａｎｔｓｅｋｉａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ和Ｓｉｎｏｃａｌａ     

三峡水库初次蓄水后干流库区桡足类的纵向分布与季节变化

作为大型水利工程,三峡水库于2003年6月开始蓄水,蓄水后库区水环境发生了变化。为了了解三峡水库水生态系统的演替规律,同时为环境保护、渔业资源开发利用以及水环境管理提供理论基础,我们对三峡水库第一阶段蓄水后桡足类的季节变化和空间分布进行了周年季节性研究。在三峡库区江津至茅坪的10个断面共采集到8种桡足类,其中哲水蚤目2种、猛水蚤目1种、剑水蚤目5种,北碚中剑水蚤(Mesocyclops pehpeiensis)、广布中剑水蚤(M.leuckarti)和汤匙华哲水蚤(Sinocalanus dorrii)分布较广。各样点种类数差异不大,但组成上却有不同。桡足类种类组成、空间分布和密度具有明显的季节变化特征,此外密度在水库的纵轴上也表现出明显的梯度分布,越近大坝密度越高。     

上海淀山湖浮游桡足类群落组成与季节变动研究

本文报道了1984年2月至1985年2月上海淀山湖浮游桡足类的群落及优势种数量季节变动的调查结果．在淀山湖共获得11种浮游桡足类,隶属2目5科10属;根据各种类出现的月份,可以把这儿种桡足类划分成4种类型,终年出现型、夏秋季型、冬春季型和畏严冬型;在湖泊敞水区的浮游桡足类,年数量变动曲线有春季、夏季以及秋季三次高峰,秋季高峰比春季、夏季高峰更突出,持续时间约两个月;中华窄腹剑水蚤、汤匙华哲水蚤、广布中剑水蚤和近邻剑水蚤这4个优势种制约了桡足类群落总数量的季节消长。浮游桡足类生物量的季节变动有4次高峰,春季及秋季高峰出现时间迟于总数量高峰,其原因是数量高峰期桡足类群落中含有约80—90％的幼体,幼体成长之后方能达到生物量高峰期。本文还就影响浮游桡足类群落数量、生物量的生态因子作了初步的讨论。     

枯林湾浮游桡足类生态研究

2000年7月至2001年7月的周年调查结果表明,粤东柘林湾浮游桡足类29属57种,其中,强额拟哲水蚤Para-ca;amis crassorpstris和短角长腹剑水蚤Ootjpma brevicomis为优势种,合计占浮游桡足类总个体数的66.7%.柘林湾是一个浮游桡足类相对丰富的海湾,年均总个体数达5.4×103ind.@m-3.浮游桡足类的种类数和总个体数均表现为湾外大于湾内的平面分布格局,周年变化基本上为单峰型,高峰期位于5～10月,最低谷位于冬季1月.     

湛江港湾浮游桡足类群落结构的季节变化和影响因素

2009年2月、5月、8月和11月分别对湛江港湾浮游动物进行了季度月调查,并对该海域浮游桡足类群落结构的季节变化及影响因素进行了分析.结果共鉴定出桡足类72种,其中冬季36种,占浮游动物种类数的29.5％;春季33种,占浮游动物种类数的39.3％;夏季24种,占浮游动物种类数的29.6％;秋季19种,占浮游动物种类数的40.4％.主要优势种为中华哲水蚤Calanus sinicus、强额拟哲水蚤Paracalanus crassirostris、短角长腹剑水蚤Oithona brevicornis、亚强真哲水蚤Eucalanus subcrassus、刺尾纺锤水蚤Acartia spinicauda和桡足类幼体.季节变化模式为:夏季丰度最高,达960.0个/m3,春季次之为421.0个/m3,冬季为303.4个/m3,秋季最低仅为252.8个/m3.平面分布冬春季丰度内湾高,往湾口逐渐降低,夏季内湾低往湾口逐渐增大,而秋季分布较均匀.调查海区桡足类丰度与水温、叶绿素a和浮游植物细胞丰度呈极显著的正相关,与DIN和PO3-4呈显著的负相关,与盐度、pH值和活性硅酸盐相关性不明显.     

拓林湾浮游桡足类生态研究

２０００年７月至２００１年７月的周年调查结果表明,粤东柘林湾浮游桡足类２９属５７种,其中,强额拟哲水蚤Ｐａｒａ－ｃａｌａｎｕｓ ｃｒａｓｓｉｒｏｓｔｒｉｓ和短角长腹剑水蚤Ｏｉｔｈｏｎａ ｂｒｅｖｉｃｏｒｎｉｓ为优势种,合计占浮游桡足类总个体数的６６．７%。柘林湾是一个浮游桡足类相对丰富的海湾,年均总个体数达５．４×１０ｉｎｄ．·ｍ－３。浮游桡足类的种类数和总个体数均表现为湾外大于湾内的平面分布格局,周年变化基本上为单峰型,高峰期位于５~１０月,最低谷位于冬季１月。     

长江口南北支浮游甲壳动物的比较及南水北调工程影响预测

南水北调东线、中线工程实施后将给长江口水生生物的生态环境带来影响.2005年秋季和2006年春季,对长江口南、北支浮游甲壳动物进行了2航次的调查.调查区域从长江口徐六径至河口 50号灯标,全长181.8 km,自西向东江面宽由约5.7 km扩展为约90km,平面形态呈扇形分布,设立3个断面14个调查采集点.采集到浮游甲壳动物共23科37属54种,其中枝角类6科8属15种,桡足类17科29属39种;秋季种类数多于春季,北支桡足类种类数多于南支;平均总密度为9.10 ind·L-1,平均总生物量为0.1179 mg·L-1,以桡足类为主;北支Ⅲ断面的现存量远远高于南、北支其他断面;长额象鼻溞、简弧象鼻溞为优势枝角类;中华华哲水蚤、汤匙华哲水蚤、球状许水蚤、广布中剑水蚤为优势桡足类.文中还对长江口南、北支浮游甲壳动物的总体水平及时空分布、南水北调对浮游甲壳动物的影响进行了分析.     

中国淡水桡足类猛水蚤目区系特点的初步分析及新种描述

猛水蚤在整个桡足类的系统发育过程中,是比较年轻的一个分支。最简单的海水猛水蚤如 Misophriidae,Longipediidae及Cerviniidae等科均具有哲水蚤目 Calanoida的一般特征,因而表明这一类群的种类起源于此目。由于缺乏古生物学的资料,只能从发现于三迭纪的现生哲水蚤的原始种——Euthycarcinus kessleri来推断桡足类是起源于中生代,并     

梁子湖、牛山湖和保安湖沉水植被资源现状

在长江中下游浅水湖泊的水生植被中,沉水植被是最重要的植被类型。研究沉水植被资源量对湖泊生态系统及渔业管理都具有重要意义。本工作调查梁子湖、牛山湖和保安湖沉水植被的种类、生物量及覆盖度,并与以前研究相比较,以了解三个湖泊沉水植被资源现状以及变动趋势。１材料和方法１．１研究地点梁子湖（１１４°２６＇－３８°Ｅ,３０°３＇－１９°Ｎ）是长江中游南岸的洼地湖,经长港与长江相通,面积２２０６６．７ｈｍ２,水深３－５ｍ,透明度１－２ｍ,ｐＨ８．２－９．２。牛山湖（１１４°３２＇Ｅ,３０°１９＇Ｎ）原为梁子湖…     

DISTRIBUTION OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN A POLLUTED SALINE LAKE,ONONDAGA LAKE,NEW YORK1,2,3

Onondaga Lake, possibly the most polluted lake in New York State, supports an algal flora characteristic of a eutrophic lake with an admixture of saline species. Floral diversity is noteworthy under the circumstances. Seasons in the lake may be identified by the succession of flora. High salinity of lake water results in layering at the outfall (as in an estuary, in reverse) such that river water may enter the lake at the outlet despite continuous net outflow. Certain species of algae appeared first at the outflow station and then spread through the lake. Phosphorus and nitrogen are never limiting, although seasonal diminution in the latter may influence the composition of the flora. Silica diminution was related to blooms of diatoms and may then be limiting for further growth of diatom populations. No obvious controlling relationship exists between herbivores and phytoplankton populations. The euphotic layer is typically much shallower than the thermocline. Therefore turbulence and mixing may play an important role in controlling certain populations. A brief midsummer clearing in 1969, characteristic for the lake, resulted in serious oxygen depletion and cannot be accounted for with the available data. Among metals, chromium and copper are high in the lake as the result of industrial discharges. The former may be inhibiting, the latter probably is inhibiting to algal growth. Consequently, measures underway to “clean up” the lake may result in increased blooms. Biomass calculations have been made for the major phytoplankters, and a list of 82 species is presented.     

武汉东湖的轮虫

本文根据1973—1975、1979—1982年在武汉东湖进行的调查资料,并与1962—1963年他人的研究结果对比,总结了20年来,在东湖2个采样站上轮虫的种类演替和数量的变动。轮虫的种类明显地减少。Ⅰ站由1962—1963年的68种至1982年减为44种;Ⅱ站由56种减为49种。由原来Ⅰ站种类多于Ⅱ站演变为Ⅱ站多于Ⅰ站。轮虫的数量急剧增加。Ⅰ站轮虫的年平均值由1962—1963年的687个/升至1982年上升为3,555个/升;Ⅱ站由332个/升上升为1,538个/升。轮虫总数的变动曲线呈夏季和秋季二个高峰,冬、春季轮虫的数量均很低。本文从生态学的角度,对轮虫种类演替及其数量的发展趋势进行了探讨。     

INTERACTIONS OF PHYTOPLANKTERS CULTURED FROM A POLLUTED SALINE LAKE,ONONDAGA LAKE,NEW YORK1,2,3

Two-membered cultures of 3 phytoplankters isolated from Onondaga Lake, grown in defined media under laboratory conditions, were analyzed by electronic particle counts and statistical methods to determine antagonistic, neutral, or stimulatory relationships. Over the range studied (exponential phase of growth, nutrients not limiting), growth of Staurastrum paradoxum is markedly reduced in the presence of Chlamydomonas sp. Growth of Chlamydomonas is not affected by presence of Staurastrum. The initial concentration of Staurastrum has an effect on its subsequent growth. The initial concentration of Chlamydomonas does not have an effect on its subsequent growth nor that of Staurastrum. These effects are not mediated by a filterable factor (unless highly labile) or by competition for a nutrient. They resemble, and perhaps describe, fluctuations of these species in the lake.     

太湖五里湖仔稚鱼时空分布特征

为探究五里湖仔稚鱼群落结构及分布特征，于2016年4—10月对五里湖仔稚鱼进行系统调查。期间共采集仔稚鱼70678尾，共鉴定出鱼类20种(属)，隶属于7目8科18属。五里湖仔稚鱼密度均值为3825尾/100 m3，主要优势种为?属(Hemiculter sp.)，其数量占比为68.76%。五里湖仔稚鱼主要采集于4—8月，密度高峰期为6月，各物种密度高峰期存在差异，最早的为鲤(Cyprinus carpio)、鲫(Carassius auratus，4月)，最晚的为短吻银鱼属(Salangichthys sp.，8—9月)。五里湖仔稚鱼分布具有显著的空间差异，沿岸带仔稚鱼密度显著高于(P<0.05)敞水区，密度分别为5650和310尾/100 m3。西五里湖仔稚鱼的密度高于东五里湖，密度分别为4482和3600尾/100 m3。典范对应分析结果显示，水温、溶解氧、浮游植物和浮游动物密度是与仔稚鱼分布显著相关的环境因子(P<0.05)。研究结果显示，五里湖鱼类主要繁殖期为4—8月，主要产卵和育幼水域为沿岸带，其中西五里湖的育幼功能优于东五里湖，因此进一步维持对西五里湖的生境保护，加强东五里湖沿岸带植被恢复及入湖支流水质监控，控制外源污染物，对促进五里湖生境优化及鱼类资源自然增殖具有积极意义。     

FISH FAUNA OF THE HWAJINPO LAKE,KOREA

There are sevenlagoons onthe east coast of Korea,including Kyeongpo Lake,Hyang Lake,Mae Lake,Chung-cho Lake,Yeoungrang Lake,Songji Lake and HwajinpoLake.They are all originally natural and brackish waterlakes.Therefore,these lakes are not only historically veryimportant but also have high values for geological,andecological sciences.Natural lakes like lagoons are different from man-made lakes.That is,water level in natural lakes is almostconstant,cline by waterside is not much,and wet la…     

A LIMNOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF LAKE LIAMBEZI,CAPRIVI

SUMMARY

A general investigation was carried out on Lake Liambezi to characterize the limnological features of the lake. The lake, 101 km² in area and situated within the tropics, was found to be shallow and bordered by reed swamps, particularly on the south-western shore. It was polymictic and consequently oxygen levels were high at all depths. Transparency was such that photosynthesis occurred to the bottom. Conductivity ranged from 17,3 to 41,2 mSm^?1 and the waters were moderately alkaline. Transfer of organic detritus from the reed swamp into the open water has resulted in the presence of high levels of organic nitrogen and phosphorus whilst ambient levels of inorganic forms were low. Planktonic chlorophyll a concentrations ranged between 1 and 104 μg l^?1 and Microcystis was the dominant phytoplankter. The dominant zooplankter was Bosmina. The important species of phytoplankton and zooplankton are listed and include two new species of blue-green algae which are described. The lake was found to be generally similar to most shallow tropical African lakes with a wide diversity of food sources for fish. Progressive encroachment by Salvinia appears to hamper access to fishing areas and the fishery potential is threatened.     

龙感湖近代沉积硅藻组合与营养演化的动态过程

通过龙感湖浅孔沉积物硅藻分析,结合210Pb代代测定和鞘拱对应分析（DCA）方法,恢复近两个世纪以来龙感湖硅植物群演替历史和营养动态演化过程,结果表明,20世纪初期（1906AD）,硅藻种群中小型底禁的Fragilaria类型,Amphora libyca,Pinularia sp.等迅速减少或消失,而浮游种Aulancoseira granulata 增多,与Eunotia类型共同组成优势属种,反映龙感湖开始由贫营养状态向中营养状态转变,为水体富营养化开始发生时间;20世纪70年代初期以来,硅藻又逐渐由营附生为主的Cocconeis placentula,Epithemia sp.,Gomphonema,.sp。等占主导地位,反映了营养程度的又一次提高,并呈现加重趋势,硅藻组合变化反映的湖泊营养级的增加与流域人类活动影响有关,早期的湖泊富营养化响应于流域土壤侵蚀速率的增加,而70年代以来湖泊营养程度的加重则与龙感湖流域农业化肥的使用和湿地植被的破坏导致湿地拦截功能的减弱或消失有关。     

FUNDUDZI,A UNIQUE,SACRED AND UNKNOWN SOUTH AFRICAN LAKE

Summary

Lake Fundudzi is a unique, small inland lake in the north eastern region of South Africa, formed by a landslide. The considerable sedimentation of its basin indicates an age in the order of 10 000s of years. It forms the focus of a rich heritage of ceremonial rituals and myths amongst the local Vhavenda population, but has not enjoyed the protection it deserves and serious impacts have been made by human transformation of the catchment, over-utilization of natural resources, forestry, water abstraction and degradation of the rivers. Additionally, the present fish community is not natural as all larger fish species seem to have been introduced. Some limnological information on this lake has been sporadically collected over a period of 60 years. It indicates conductivities ranging between 2,8 ?18,8 μ S m^?1 neutral to acid waters and oxygen stratification near the bottom during winter. Zooplankton was characterised by small copepods and rotifers. The lake is presently threatened by an increased anthropogenic sedimentation rate. It deserves national and international conservation status and can become a valuable ethno- and eco-tourist attraction provided proper management and conservation are applied. Data are insufficient for management, and a research programme focusing on hydrology and limnology should be initiated.     

新疆福海底栖动物的研究

本文报道了1985年7月在新疆福海四个湖区的7个断面39个采样点上计采到寡毛类9种,水生昆虫42种,软体动物11种,其它动物7种。在调查湖区中以小海子的种类最多,大海子最少。全湖底栖动物的平均密度为1083个/m~3,生物量为18.544g/m~2。不同湖区中的现存量有一定差别,密度以中海子为最大,生物量则以“七十三公里”湖区为最高。文中扼要分析了环境条件对底栖动物种类组成和数量分布等方面的影响。