一种改良的植物DNA提取方法

植物组织中含有大量多糖、多酚、酯类等次生代谢产物, 要从中提取高质量的DNA比较困难。针对这一情况, 该文提出一种改良CTAB植物DNA提取方法(mCTAB), 并以10种常见植物为实验材料, 与4种常用的植物DNA提取试剂盒作对比。结果表明, mCTAB法提取的DNA产率高且质量好, PCR扩增成功率也较高, 而提取成本显著低于DNA提取试剂盒, 可有效用于植物DNA条形码等研究的植物DNA提取。     

榉属植物总DNA提取方法研究

榉属植物体内酚类、多糖等次生物质含量较高, 严重影响从中提取总DNA 的产量和质量。针对这一问题探索出一种适合榉属植物总DNA 的提取方法, 并对提取的总DNA 进行了纯度和浓度的鉴定。结果表明此方法可有效去除次生物质对DNA 的干扰, 样品DNA 的质量和纯度较高, 可用于随机引物RAPD 扩增和随后的各种遗传学分析。     

野生芋属植物干叶片DNA的提取及PCR扩增

野生芋属植物体内多糖、色素、酚类等次生物质含量较高,严重影响从中提取的DNA的质量。针对这一问题,作者以6种芋属植物的干叶片为材料,摸索出一种适合芋属植物的DNA提取方法,并对提取的DNA进行了纯度鉴定和PCR检测,结果表明此方法可有效去除次生物质对DNA的干扰,样品DNA的质量和纯度较高,可用于下游分子生物学操作。     

野生芋属植物干叶片DNA的提取及PCR扩增

野生芋属植物体内多糖、色素、酚类等次生物质含量较高,严重影响从中提取的DNA的质量.针对这一问题,作者以6种芋属植物的干叶片为材料,摸索出一种适合芋属植物的DNA提取方法,并对提取的DNA进行了纯度鉴定和PCR检测,结果表明此方法可有效去除次生物质对DNA的干扰,样品DNA的质量和纯度较高,可用于下游分子生物学操作.     

丁香属次生代谢产物及其与系统演化和地理环境的关联

环境塑造的植物次生代谢产物富于变化, 也可能带有系统演化的信息。由于完整或具有系统学代表性的专属植物收集存在较大困难, 使得次生代谢产物与系统学的关联研究尚不多见。通过文献汇总获得了存在于丁香属(Syringa)植物根、茎、叶和花中的10类377个次生代谢产物, 主要涉及甲戊二羟酸途径、脱氧木酮糖磷酸酯途径以及莽草酸途径。在叠加丁香属的系统演化背景后发现: 在先分化的组系中特定类型次生代谢产物的优势度较高, 后继分化的组系成分优势度降低, 化学多样性呈增加趋势, 各类次生代谢产物的相对占比趋于均衡; 苯丙素类和环/裂环烯醚萜类化合物的表达具有明显的系统保守性。在叠加了地理分布跨度后发现: 部分后继分化的局域种比在先分化的广布种具有更为多样的次生代谢成分; 木脂素类成分的占比优势与环境胁迫相关。该文为化学多样性与进化的关联研究及次生代谢调控的系统性研究提供了新的启示。     

bZIP转录因子调控植物次生代谢产物生物合成的研究进展

植物次生代谢产物是通过次生代谢产生的一类小分子有机化合物,是植物适应环境的表现,次生代谢产物也是重要药物和化工原料的来源。bZIP转录因子是普遍存在于真核生物中的一类多基因家族,可有效调控植物次生代谢产物的生物合成。本文概述了植物bZIP转录因子的结构和类型,重点阐述了bZIP转录因子调控萜类、黄酮类和生物碱等植物次生代谢产物生物合成的研究进展,并对研究前景进行了展望。深入探讨bZIP转录因子的调控机制,有助于利用基因工程技术优化植物次生代谢途径,提高次生代谢产物的含量,在新药创制、工农业生产等方面具有广泛的应用前景。     

虫害诱导植物合成防御性次生代谢产物的研究进展

昆虫对植物的取食活动可以激活植物的防御反应,诱导植物通过调控自身的代谢网络合成防御性次生代谢产物,抵御外界不良刺激。虫害诱导植物合成防御性次生代谢产物及其机制研究已成为近年来的研究热点之一。现对虫害诱导的植物防御性次生代谢产物、昆虫危害产生的各类激发子、植物对激发子的识别、虫害应答相关的信号转导通路及其对次生代谢物质积累的调控进行了综述,可为虫害诱导植物合成防御性次生代谢产物的机制研究提供参考,为植物虫害防治研究、植物次生代谢物质的生产和利用提供理论依据。     

植物次生代谢及其与环境的关系

人类对植物次生代谢产物（天然产物）的早期研究源于它们的应用价值,近些年来人们越来越认识到植物次生代谢产物广泛的生物学效应,开始重新评价这些化合物在植物生命活动以及生态系统中可能扮演的角色。植物的次生代谢是植物在长期进化中与环境（生物的和非生物的）相互作用的结果,次生代谢产物在植物提高自身保护和生存竞争能力、协调与环境关系上充当着重要的角色。介绍了植物次生代谢及其产物的特点,概述了植物次生代谢与温度、水分、光照、养分、CO2浓度、UV-B辐射、环境污染等非生物环境以及与化学防御、化感作用、菌根共生、微生物病害的关系。研究植物次生代谢与环境的关系,可以从更深的层次发掘植物与环境的内在联系,为全面、深入认识植物与环境的相互关系提供新的研究途径,同时也有利于人类更有效、合理地利用植物的次生代谢产物。     

乙烯对植物次生代谢产物合成的双重调控效应

植物次生代谢产物是人类重要的药物及化工原料来源, 其产生与植物正常的生长发育及对环境的适应密切相关, 并受到多种因素的调控。乙烯作为一种植物内源激素, 广泛参与植物的生长、发育、抗逆和次生代谢产物合成等重要生理过程的调控。该文综述了乙烯的信号转导机制及其调控作用; 重点归纳了乙烯对植物次生代谢产物形成所表现出的双重调控效应, 即在一定浓度范围内, 乙烯对植物次生代谢产物的合成起促进作用, 低于或超过该浓度范围则起抑制作用; 并对今后该领域的研究方向进行了展望。     

我国资源植物化学与天然产物化学基础研究的现状与发展

本文从生物活性成分的筛选与分离、植物次生代谢产物生物合成及其分子调控、环境因子对植物次生代谢产物合成和积累的影响、植物体内生菌与植物次生代谢产物的关系等方面介绍了我国资源植物化学与天然产物化学领域基础研究的现状与发展。     

Effects of space flight on DNA mutation and secondary metabolites of licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.)

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.) seeds were flown on a recoverable satellite for 18 days(the average radiation dose in the flight recovery module was 0.102 mGy/d, the distance from flight apogee to earth was 350 km, gravity 10^-6). After returning to earth, the seeds were germinated and grown to maturity. The parallel ground-based seeds were also planted under the same conditions. The leaves of licorice were used for inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis and the two main secondary metabolites in one-year-old roots were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Among 22 random primers used in this experiment, 6 primers generated different DNA band types. Analysis of HPLC showed that the content of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and liquiritin (LQ) in the roots from seeds flown in space was respectively 2.19, 1.18 times higher than that of the control group. The results demonstrated that the extraterrestrial environment induced mutagenic effects on licorice and affected its secondary metabolites. These changes indicated that extraterrestrial orbit is possible means of breeding of licorice so as to preserve this endangered medicinal plant.     

Induction of glycyrrhizin and total phenolic compound production in licorice by using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have mutualistic symbiosis with higher plants, increasing plant resistance to environmental stresses and nutrient uptake and improving soil. During arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, a range of chemical and biological factors are affected. In this study, two species of arbuscular mycorrhiza (Glomus mosseae and G. intraradices) were used to assess the effects of inoculation on licorice growth and secondary metabolite production. After successful inoculation, the increase in the growth rate, P and Zn uptake, and the accumulation of secondary metabolites in licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) roots were observed in two periods of 3 and 6 months compared to control. After 6 months, more increments in growth, secondary metabolites, and P and Zn uptake were observed compared with the first 3-months period. Two groups of secondary metabolites arising from phenolic and terpenoid metabolism obviously responded to mycorrhizal fungi colonization in licorice roots.     

一种改良的植物基因组DNA通用提取方法

高质量的基因组DNA是分子生物学研究的基础,而从富含糖类和次生代谢物且异质性强的植物材料中分离DNA相对困难。本方法在CTAB法和商业DNA提取试剂盒的基础上,在裂解细胞之前,对植物材料进行预处理．去除干扰DNA提取的代谢物,并在后续步骤中进行了一些优化。该方法适于多种不同的植物种类,所提取的基因组DNA质量较好,能满足下一步基因操作的要求,是一种通用的植物基因组DNA提取方法。     

庙台槭总DNA提取及鉴定

木本植物体内酚类、多糖等次生物质含量较高 ,严重影响从中提取总 DNA的产量和质量。针对这一问题探索出一种适合庙台槭总 DNA的提取方法 ,并对提取的总 DNA进行了纯度和浓度的鉴定 ,结果表明此方法可有效去除次生物质对 DNA的干扰 ,样品 DNA的质量和纯度较高 ,可用于随机引物 RAPD扩增和随后的各种遗传学分析。     

刺激剂(elicitor)在植物细胞培养次生代谢物生产中的应用

刺激剂（ｅｌｉｃｉｔｏｒ）在植物细胞培养中被用来作为提高次生代谢物产量的手段。文中概括介绍了微生物、寡聚糖、蛋白质、第二信使及其他物质作为刺激剂在植物细胞培养中的应用及其研究成果。     

Effect of low light intensity on growth and accumulation of secondary metabolites in roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch

Effects of low light intensity on growth and accumulation of secondary metabolites of a medicinal plant Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. were investigated. Hydroponic-cultivated one year-old rhizome seedlings were grown under three low irradiances, 200, 100, and 50 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ for 135 days. Control plants were cultured under natural light conditions. Low light intensity stress decreased leaf thickness, photosynthesis and biomass, but increased leaf area and chlorophyll concentrations. Low light intensity also significantly increased accumulation of glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin in the root, while the maximum values of both secondary metabolites were obtained under an irradiance of 100 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹. Concentrations of both secondary metabolites were negatively correlated with root biomass. The results suggested that G. uralensis could endure an environment with low light intensity and suitable light control might increase the secondary metabolite contents within agroforestry systems.     

Elicitation enhanced the production of bioactive compound and biomass accumulation in callus cultures of Glycyrrhiza glabra L.

In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant - Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.), Fabaceae, has a wide range of medicinal properties due to the metabolites found in the plant tissues....     

Analysis of influences of spaceflight on chemical constituents in licorice by HPLC–ESI-MS/MS

Focusing on the variations of chemical constituents in licorice root, influences of exposure to physical factors of spaceflight on licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.) seeds were investigated. Licorice seeds obtained from two different producing areas were flown on a recoverable satellite for 18 days. After returning to earth, the seeds carried by the satellite and the parallel ground control were cultivated to maturity under the same condition. Chromatographic fingerprint of 1 year licorice root analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection not only displayed the contents of glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin increasing in the spaceflight samples but showed the variation of the kinds of chemical constituents. The main components in the root extract were identified by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization multi-tandem mass spectrometry. The changes in the kind of secondary metabolites of licorice root after spaceflight were firstly reported. A total of 26 components which included 9 flavonoids, 16 triterpene saponins and 1 coumarin were identified according to their mass spectra determined in both negative and positive ion modes. The research provided the scientific data for spaceflight breeding of medicinal plant and indicated that the technology of spaceflight may be a new effective method for the breeding and cultivation of licorice.     

Rapid Isolation of DNA from Dry and Fresh Samples of Plants Producing Large Amounts of Secondary Metabolites and Essential Oils

The presence of certain metabolites has been observed to interfere with DNA isolation procedures and downstream reactions such as DNA restriction, amplification and cloning. The chemotypic heterogeneity among species may not permit optimal DNA yields with a single protocol, and thus, even closely related species may require different isolation protocols. Here we describe the essential steps of a rapid DNA isolation protocol that can be used for diverse medicinal and aromatic plants, which produce essential oils and secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavanoids, phenols, gummy polysaccharides, terpenes and quinones. The procedure is applicable to dry as well as fresh plant tissues. This protocol, in our experiments, permitted isolation of DNA from tissues of diverse plant species and produced fairly good yields. The isolated DNA proved amenable to PCR amplification and restriction digestion.