L-乳酸高产菌株的选育和产酸条件的研究*

为了获得更适于工业生产的产乳酸菌株 ,采用低能离子诱变方法 ,对出发菌米根霉(Rhizopusoryzae)PW35 2进行改良 ,获得高产L ( + ) 乳酸菌株RE330 3,其产酸比亲株提高75 %。用正交试验方法对突变株适宜产酸条件进行了研究 ,在最优条件下 ,其产酸量可达1 31～ 1 36g L ,最高可达 1 40g L ,糖转化率为 86%～ 90 %。     

产L-乳酸米根霉PW352特性及低能离子注入诱变高产菌株研究

为了获得更适于工业生产的产乳酸菌株,以葡萄糖为碳源对PW352菌株特性进行了研究,并在此基础上采用离子束诱变方法,对米根霉PW352进行改良,获得高产L( )—乳酸菌株RE3303,产酸能力达131～136g／L,最高可达140g／L,糖转化率为86％～90％,产酸比PW352提高75％。     

L-谷氨酰胺高产菌的选育和发酵条件

以嗜乙酰乙酸棒杆菌(Corynebacterium acetoacidophilum)LG-3为出发菌株,经紫外线(UV)和硫酸二乙酯(DES)诱变处理,磺胺胍(SG)、高浓度(NH4)2SO4定向筛选,获得1株谷氨酰胺高产菌株LG-65,在未经优化的条件下摇瓶发酵72 h可产谷氨酰胺43.5 g/L,比出发菌株的产量32.4 g/L提高了34.3%.在此基础上,对其发酵条件进行优化,经72 h摇瓶发酵产量可达47～48 g/L,7 L发酵罐补料分批发酵40 h可达55 g/L.     

脱落酸产生菌的筛选及其产酸条件优化

利用马丁-孟加拉红培养基由20份土壤样品和2份植物病叶样品中分离出57株真菌,分别对其进行液体培养,通过各菌株发酵液抑制莴苣种子发芽的方法筛选得到一株脱落酸产生菌NX-53,通过L9(34)正交实验对其产酸条件进行了优化,该菌株产脱落酸的培养基配方和培养条件如下:葡萄糖25g/L,维生素B11.25mg/L,谷氨酸单钠盐3.0g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 0.2 g/L,KCl 0.5 g/L,CaCO3 5 g/L,KH2PO4 0.8 g/L,FeSO4·7H2O 0.5mg/L, ZnSO4·7H2O 2.5mg/L,CuSO4·5H2O 4mg/L,250mL摇瓶装液量50mL,28℃、150r/min培养7d.优化条件下菌株NX-53的脱落酸产量可达276 mg/L.     

复合诱变对米曲霉产曲酸的影响

发酵法生产曲酸还未实现大规模工业化生产的原因之一是曲酸菌种产酸率较低,本文以平展米曲霉（Aspergillus oryzae effusus)AS32为出现菌株,经UV和^60Co诱变处理,筛选获得一株高产曲酸变异株AUR163,以葡萄糖为碳源,酵母膏为氮源,32℃摇瓶和30L罐发酵培养4天,产酸达6．8g/100mL。平均生产效率为17．0g/L.d最高可达30．5g/L.d比出发菌AS32提高190％以上,这表明UV和^60Co作诱剂,可以大幅度提高米曲霉的曲酸生产效率。     

红酵母类胡萝卜素高产菌株的筛选及其发酵生理学条件研究

从数株红酵母中选出了1株产类胡萝卜素能力较强的红酵母RY－98（生物量,类胡萝卜素含量和产量分别为19．9g/L,334.8ug/g和6．7mg/L);研究了该菌株产类胡萝卜素的最适营养与环境条件,获得了最佳的发酵生理学条件;葡萄糖40g/L,(NH4)2SO4 10g/L,酵母膏3g/L,蕃茄汁2mL/L,花生油0.5mL/L,接种量30mLL初始pH6.0和通气量（培养基装置040ml/250mL:,在此初步优化的培养条件下,红酵母RY－98经72小时摇瓶发酵其生物量,类胡萝卜素含量和产量分别可达26．8g/L,386.9ug/g和10．4mg/L,依次比初筛中提高了34．7％,15．6％,和55．2％。     

Eremothecium ashbyii T30发酵产脂肪酶特性的研究

研究了一株核黄素高产突变株E.ashbyii T30产脂肪酶的条件,确定了比较合适的脂肪酶发酵培养基,豆饼粉30g/L,玉米浆30ml/L,豆油5ml/L,KH2PO45g/L,MgSO4.7H2O 0.15g/L,pH消前7．5,T30在此培养基上振荡培养28h,既定条件下测脂肪酶活力可达232酶活单位／ml(较原株提高36．5％）,从一个侧面证实其突变株特性,另外,对T30所产脂肪酶的诱导酶属性及脂肪酶在T30核黄素发酵过程中的作用也进行了初步探讨。     

L一精氨酸产生菌的选育及其发酵条件的研究

以黄色短杆菌（Brevibacterium flavum)AT174(AHV^r,TA^r)为诱变出发株,经亚硝基胍（NTG）诱变处理,获得一株能够积累大量L－O精氨酸的菌株AG77（AHV^r,TA^r,SG^r)。在20L发酵罐中,以葡萄为碳源,以硫酸铵等为氮源的培养基中培养4d,产酸率可达31.3g/L。     

红酵母类胡萝卜素形成的生理学研究

从数株红酵母中选出 1株产类胡萝卜素能力较强的红酵母RY 98(生物量、类胡萝卜素含量和产量分别为19.9g/L ,334 .8μg/ g和 6 .7mg/L) ;研究了该菌株产类胡萝卜素的最适营养与环境条件 ,获得了最佳的发酵生理学条件 :葡萄糖 40 g/L ,(NH4 ) 2 SO4 10 g/L ,酵母膏 3g/L ,蕃茄汁 2mL/L ,花生油 0 .5mL/L ,接种量 30mL/L ,初始pH 6 .0和通气量 (培养基装量 ) 4 0mL/ 2 5 0mL。在此初步优化的培养条件下 ,红酵母RY 98经 72h摇瓶发酵其生物量、类胡萝卜素含量和产量分别可达 2 6 .8g/L ,386 .9μg/ g和 10 .4mg/L ,依次比初筛中提高了 34 .7% ,15 .6 %和 5 5 .2 %。     

Eremothecium ashbyii T_(30)发酵产脂肪酶特性的研究

研究了一株核黄素高产突变株E .ashbyiiT3 0 产脂肪酶的条件 ,确定了比较合适的脂肪酶发酵培养基 :豆饼粉 30g/L ,玉米浆 30ml/L ,豆油 5ml/L ,KH2 PO4 5g/L ,MgSO4 ·7H2 O 0 15g/L ,pH消前7 5。T3 0 在此培养基上振荡培养 2 8h ,既定条件下测脂肪酶活力可达 2 32酶活单位 /ml(较原株提高 36 5 % ) ,从一个侧面证实其突变株特性。另外 ,对T3 0 所产脂肪酶的诱导酶属性及脂肪酶在T3 0 核黄素发酵过程中的作用也进行了初步探讨     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV