NGX6基因转染对鼻咽癌细胞基因表达谱的影响

鼻咽癌是我国南方的常见肿瘤 .NGX6是新近克隆的定位于 9p2 1 2 2 ,在鼻咽癌组织中表达下调的基因 .初步的研究结果显示 ,NGX6基因转染鼻咽癌细胞HNE1能够延缓其生长速度 ,使肿瘤细胞更多地停留在G0 G1期 .为探索NGX6基因在鼻咽癌发病机制中的作用 ,建立了高表达NGX6的鼻咽癌细胞系 .利用包含 14 0 0 0个基因的cDNA微阵列分析了NGX6基因转染对HNE1细胞基因表达谱的影响 ,发现NGX6基因的转染能够上调p2 9、APC7、NEU1、RNasek6、αE catenin和TFⅡEα等基因的表达 ;同时也下调properdinP因子、G0S2、BAZ2B、ZHX1,OS4和PBX3等基因的表达 .研究结果提示 ,NGX6基因对鼻咽癌细胞的生物学行为的影响可能与它对一些细胞周期调控因子和转录调控因子的影响相关 .作为一种高通量的分析技术 ,cDNA微阵列为新基因的功能研究提供了重要的线索     

NGX6 基因对高转移鼻咽癌细胞株 5-8F 细胞的影响

NGX6 是一个新克隆的鼻咽癌候选抑瘤基因 . 为进一步研究其功能,在构建 NGX6 的真核表达载体 NGX6/pcDNA3.1(+) 基础上,通过脂质体转染方法将 NGX6 基因导入鼻咽癌细胞株 SUNE-1 的亚株 5-8F 细胞 ( 具高成瘤高转移潜能 ) 中,并用 RT-PCR 和 RNA 印迹鉴定,建立了稳定表达 NGX6 基因的 5-8F 细胞系 . 借助细胞生长曲线、软琼脂集落形成实验对转染细胞的生物学行为进行了检测,同时采用包含 1 176 个与肿瘤学相关的基因 cDNA 微阵列,分析了 NGX6 基因转染对 5-8F 细胞基因表达谱的影响 . 结果显示：转染了 NGX6 基因的 5-8F 细胞的生长速度明显减慢,在软琼脂中集落形成率较对照组显著下降 (P < 0.05) ,发现 NGX6 基因的转染能够上调 5-8F 细胞中 p19 、 catenin α 2 、 desmoglein 1 等基因的表达,同时下调 EphB4 、 TIE2 、 vitronectin 等基因的表达 . 综上所述, NGX6 基因可以抑制 5-8F 细胞的恶性生物学行为,并影响一些与细胞周期、细胞黏附和血管生成有关的基因的表达 . 上述结果为鼻咽癌转移分子机制的阐明提供了重要的线索 .     

抑瘤基因NGX6对鼻咽癌细胞株HNE1细胞生长的影响(英文)

鼻咽癌是我国南方多发恶性肿瘤 ,它的发生发展与遗传因素密切相关 .采用定位候选克隆策略在 9p上克隆出一个候选抑瘤基因 ,命名为NGX6 .为了进一步研究它的功能 ,将NGX6基因的全长cDNA片段亚克隆至pcDNA3.1(+ )的表达载体中 ,通过脂质体转染入鼻咽癌细胞系HNE1中 ,Northern杂交方法筛选高效表达NGX6的细胞株 ,并借助细胞生长曲线、软琼脂糖集落形成实验、裸鼠体内接种实验和流式细胞仪对转染细胞的生物学行为进行了检测 .结果显示 ,转染了NGX6基因的HNE1细胞的生长速度明显减慢 ,在软琼脂中集落形成率较对照组显著下降 (P〈0 0 5 ) ,裸鼠体内成瘤的时间较对照组明显延长 ,瘤体的大小和重量较对照组明显减少 ,流式细胞仪检测发现细胞的凋亡率无明显变化 .为了明确NGX6蛋白在细胞中发挥作用的部位 ,进一步将NGX6的开放阅读框架完整正确地克隆到pEGFPC1的荧光载体中 ,转染到COS7细胞中 ,用荧光显微镜观察细胞中荧光的分布 ,发现荧光主要分布在细胞浆中 ,说明NGX6蛋白可能是一种胞浆蛋白 .该研究表明 ,NGX6在NPC的发生发展中起重要作用 ,为全面阐述NGX6的功能提供重要的信息 ,为进一步的功能研究打下基础     

鼻咽癌相关基因NGX6对鼻咽癌细胞周期的影响

为了探讨鼻咽癌（NPC）候选抑瘤基因NGX6对NPC细胞的细胞周期进程及细胞周期素的影响,阐明它的作用机制,通过建立稳定表达NGX6的鼻咽癌HNE1细胞株,采用细胞免疫组织化学,流式细胞仪检测与分析细胞周期及细胞周期素的改变,用western blot验证它对细胞周期的影响。结果显示稳定表达NGX6的HNE1细胞较对照组细胞周期中G0/G1期比值明显增加,而S期比例减少。细胞凋亡率无明显变化。流式细胞仪检测发现cyclinD1、A和E的表达明显减少,以cyclinD1的改变最为明显。Western blot检测也发现cyclinD1的表达明显下调。以上结果说明NGX6主要通过下调cyclinD1的表达,延缓细胞周期的G1→S的进程,从而抑制NPC细胞的过度增殖。     

人鼻咽癌相关基因NGX6在大肠杆菌中的诱导表达及纯化

NGX6是一个新克隆的鼻咽癌抑瘤基因候选者,为了进一步制备抗NGX6编码蛋白质的抗体和研究它的功能,本研究拟在原核表达系统中表达并纯化出NGX6蛋白．采用多聚酶链式反应(PCR)方法扩增出NGX6基因蛋白编码序列,构建该基因的融合表达质粒pGEX3X/NGX6,导入大肠杆菌中,IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE电泳．Western hlot鉴定．用GST融合蛋白纯化试剂盒纯化融合蛋白．结果显示构建的融合表达质粒酶切和测序鉴定阅读框架正确,导入大肠杆菌中诱导后出现一条42kDa的新蛋白带,主要存在于细菌沉淀中,占总蛋白的26％,Western blot鉴定其为GST/NGX6融合蛋白,并进一步纯化出融合蛋白．研究表明NGX6基因编码蛋白质能够在原核细胞中表达,并能纯化出该种蛋白,为进一步深入研究该蛋白质的结构与功能打下了基础．     

NGX6基因对人结肠癌细胞HT-29细胞周期的影响

NGX6基因是新克隆的候选抑瘤基因,研究表明NGX6重表达可抑制结肠癌细胞的增殖.为进一步研究NGX6对细胞周期的影响,采用流式细胞仪检测NGX6重表达对结肠癌细胞HT-29细胞周期的影响,发现NGX6重表达可增加HT-29细胞在G0/G1期的分布比例,减少了S,G2,M期细胞数.利用蛋白质印迹和流式细胞术分析NGX6转染前后HT-29细胞周期素(cyclins)和细胞周期素依赖性蛋白激酶抑制物(cyclin-dependentkinaseinhibitor,CKI)的表达变化,发现NGX6可下调HT-29细胞中cyclinE、cyclinD1的表达及上调p27的表达,对cyclinA和cyclinB的表达无明显影响,p16在三组结肠癌细胞中均无表达.研究结果表明,NGX6在HT-29细胞中通过下调cyclinE、cyclinD1和上调p27的表达,阻滞细胞周期于G0/G1期,从而发挥其在结肠癌中的抑瘤作用.     

结肠癌中NGX6抑制EGFR/K-ras/JNK/c-Jun/cyclin D1信号通路的研究

候选抑瘤基因NGX6具有抑制结肠癌增殖和转移的作用,研究表明其为表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR)的负性调控因子,并可下调JNK通路中重要分子MADD (MAP-kinase activating death domain)的表达,其抑瘤机制是否与抑制EGFR介导的JNK信号通路的活性有关?在已建立的转染NGX6的细胞模型基础上,借助蛋白质印迹(Western blot)和免疫组化方法在细胞和组织水平检测NGX6转染前后EGFR/K-ras/JNK/c-Jun/cyclin D1信号通路中重要蛋白质的表达.结果表明,NGX6转染后结肠癌细胞HT-29在裸鼠体内成瘤明显受抑,差异有统计学意义.Western blot结果显示,在结肠癌细胞中NGX6可明显下调EGFR、K-ras、p-JNK、c-Jun和cyclin D1的表达;进一步采用Western blot和免疫组化法验证NGX6在体内对上述关键分子表达的影响,发现NGX6可抑制裸鼠移植瘤组织中EGFR、K-ras、p-JNK、c-Jun和cyclin D1的表达,与体外结果一致.上述研究表明,NGX6在结肠癌中主要通过抑制EGFR介导的JNK通路的活性而发挥其抑瘤作用,该研究为深入探讨NGX6的机制提供了重要的实验依据.     

应用二维电泳和质谱技术初步研究NAG7基因的功能

为了进一步研究鼻咽癌相关基因NAG7的功能,NAG7基因编码框的cDNA片段被亚克隆至pcDNA3.1( )的表达载体,通过脂质体转染入鼻咽癌细胞系HNE1。抽提HNE1细胞和已转染了NAG7基因的HNE1细胞总蛋白质,用二维凝胶电泳分离蛋白质,获得二维凝胶图谱,PDQuest软件包分析后,确立表达上调的蛋白质斑点进行质谱分析,得到的肽质指纹经蛋白质数据库分析鉴定蛋白质。共分析了12个蛋白质点,其中3个未有质谱结果,已鉴定的9个蛋白质包括生长捕获特异蛋白、DNA结合蛋白、c-myc启动子结合蛋白及胱冬肽酶（caspase)6等蛋白质。通过对这些蛋白质性质和功能的讨论,发现它们参与了细胞周期调控、转录调节及细胞凋亡等重要事件。因此,VAG7很可能是通过介导上述蛋白质的表达上调而发挥作用。     

新基因BRD7对鼻咽癌蛋白质表达谱影响的初步研究

BRD7基因是与鼻咽癌相关的候选抑瘤基因.为了进一步研究该基因的作用机制,将pcDNA3.1(+)/BRD7的表达质粒经脂质体导入HNE1细胞,RNA斑点杂交筛选出阳性克隆,通过双向电泳分离过表达BRD7的HNE1细胞内蛋白质,筛选出差异表达的蛋白质点,并进行质谱分析鉴定.鉴定出10种表达上调的蛋白质点,包括精氨(基)琥珀酸裂解酶,TSA(thio-specific antioxdant), Proteaseome activator28 beta subunit(PA28),金属蛋白酶抑制因子-2前体等,这些蛋白质涉及细胞生长,细胞代谢等很多相关事件.这些结果说明BRD7基因可能通过多种途径影响鼻咽癌的发生发展.     

抑瘤基因NGX6对人结肠癌细胞凋亡的影响

NGX6基因是中南大学肿瘤研究所分子遗传室在对鼻咽癌研究中筛选克隆出的一个新基因．以稳定转染并表达NGX6基因的HT-29细胞为实验组，转染空白质粒的HT－29细胞以及HT－29细胞为对照组，利用PI／Annexin—V双染流式细胞仪检测结肠癌细胞的凋亡情况，通过EMSA分析体外培养的结肠癌细胞及种植瘤细胞内核转录因子－κB（NF－κB）的激活情况．研究结果表明：在裸鼠结肠癌种植瘤中，转染了NGX6基因的与未转染及空白载体组比较，结肠癌细胞凋亡率明显增高；EMSA（electrophoretic mobility shif tassay）分析体外培养的结肠癌细胞及种植瘤细胞内核转录因子－κB（NF—κB）的激活情况，发现转染了NGX6基因的细胞NF—κB的激活均明显受到抑制．此研究说明，NGX6基因只有诱导结肠癌细胞凋亡的能力，其可能的机制是抑制了结肠癌细胞NF—κB的激活．     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparison of in vitro decomposition of bryophytic and tracheophytic plant material

The fossil record of bryophytes is generally poor and infertile plants attributable to liverworts and mosses could also be thalloid vascular plant gametophytes or herbaceous lycophytes respectively. The paucity of the bryophytic record could be the result of relatively rapid degradation of bryophytic material in comparison to that of vascular plants, the absence of lignified cells in bryophytes sustaining this belief. However, certain organs of bryophytes are as robust as those of vascular plants (e.g. spores) and the hydroxybenzofuran polymers produced by some mosses could be of similar preservational resistance to lignins. A simplistic experiment to test the relative resistance to decay of bryophytic material has been undertaken. Its findings suggest that bryophytic plant material has a similar preservational potential to that of a selected vascular plant, particularly in organic rich sediments. This result may be construed to imply that bryophytes were indeed less abundant in the preservational environments of the Coal Measures than might be expected on the basis of current palaeoenvironmental reconstructions.     

Genetic Analysis of an Emerging GII.P2–GII.2 Norovirus Associated with a 2016 Outbreak of Acute Gastroenteritis in China

<正>Dear Editor,Noroviruses are positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to Caliciviridae and account for more than 50%of all acute gastroenteritis (AGE) outbreaks worldwide and cause an estimated 200,000 deaths per year among children\5 years of age, primarily in developing countries (Hall et al. 2012; Glass et al. 2009). The norovirus genome contains three open reading frames (ORFs).     

Development of functional antibodies against influenza B virus by activation-induced cytidine deaminase in hybridoma cells

Highlights
1. Class-switch recombination was mimicked in hybridomas through a controllable expression system of activation-induced cytidine deaminase.
2. IgG antibodies were generated through this system in an anti-Flu B IgM hybridoma 7G1.
3. IgG1 and IgG2a subtypes of 7G1 present improved antiviral activity in vitro and in vivo.     

Development of a biosensor assessing SARS-CoV-2 main protease proteolytic activity in living cells for antiviral drugs screening

Highlights:
The biosensor reported in our study can monitor SARS-CoV-2 M^pro activity in living cells instead of in vitro solutions.
The biosensor reported in our study is sensitive and easy to operate.
It is suitable for high-throughput screening.
It has the potential to be used in small animal models.     

The structure of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus Gc is revealed; many more still need an answer

Highlights
1. The structure of glycoprotein Gc, responsible for mediating membrane fusion between cell and CCHFV, is revealed, but many more mysteries remain.
2. Why do only antibodies against Gc have neutralizing effect, but not the one against Gn?
3. Why can NAbs against Gc only be protective in the animals in preventive settings, but not in the therapeutic administration?